North-Western Italian architecture

North-Western Italian architecture refers to architecture (buildings, sights, monuments, churches, palaces) in the North-Western regions of Italy (Piedmont, Aosta Valley, Liguria and Lombardy), and their capital cities (Aosta, Turin, Milan and Genoa).

Styles

The Colleoni Chapel in Bergamo.

North-Western Italian architecture is usually quite big and bulky, contrasted to the Renaissance and medieval cityscapes in Central Italy, Venetian-style villas and towns in North-Eastern Italy, and cluttered Spanish-style architecture in Southern Italy. Buildings in North-Western Italy are often built with solid bricks, due to the strong climates in this area (bitterly cold winters, often accompanied by snowfalls, and hot, humid summers, usually bringing with itself stormy showers). North-Western Italy is not usually identifiable by a particular style; the Aosta Valley and Piedmont tend to be more French in essence, Lombardy is a mixture of Central Italian (Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany), French, Spanish and Austrian styles, whilst Liguria is highly unusual, with its brightly painted houses. The area is full with medieval castles, including some very notable early ones in the Aosta Valley and Piedmont, and Renaissance ones in Lombardy. The North-West is also the hub of modern and contemporary Italian architecture - Milan, Turin and Genoa were and still are the capitals of Italian modernist and industrial design, and such examples can be seen in buildings such as the Torre Velasca and the Pirelli Tower in Milan, Lingotto building in Turin and the "Biscione" neighborhood in Genoa .[1]

Regions

Aosta Valley

Being a mountainous and very small region, the Aosta Valley's contribution to Italian architecture remains relatively small in comparison to some of the bigger regions, but is noted for its bulky and beautiful stone medieval castles, churches and buildings in general. Aostan architecture also remains highly French in essence, especially in the cities of Aosta and La Thuile. As a popular ski resort, the region is famous for its wooden chalets.

Piedmont

The Palazzo Madama in Turin.

Piedmont's architecture varies very much. The mountainous areas remain similar to those of the Aosta Valley, the central area is a similar to that of Lombardy, the western area and Turin are very French in style, whilst the Southern part is similar to the architecture of Liguria. However, Piedmont is known for its grand country houses and palaces, such as the Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi, in Stupinigi and just outside Turin, or the Residences of the Royal House of Savoy which ended up being declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Turin's architecture is grandiose, and mixes elements of Baroque, Rococo and Neoclassicism together. As one of the most important industrial regions in Italy, Piedmont is also renowned for its world-class modern-design architecture, such as the Lingotto, for a period one of the biggest and most technologically advanced factories in Europe, or the region's 1930s mountain hotels.

Lombardy

The sorts of brightly and elaborately painted houses in Liguria (Chiavari).
A Baroque palace, or palazzo found in the Piazza Sordello, Mantua.

Lombardy's architecture also remains eclectic and unique. The more Southern part takes inspiration from the Renaissance architecture of Emilia-Romagna, however the Northern part is in essence very Austrian and French. Lombardy is known for its beautiful medieval and Renaissance cities, such as Mantua, Bergamo, Pavia and Cremona, with monuments such as the Certosa di Pavia, and for its unique Gothic architecture (known as Lombard Gothic), clearly seen in the impressive Duomo di Milano, or Milan Cathedral. Lombardy is also home to Italy's industrial architecture, including Italy's first building in glass, steel and iron, the glamorous shopping gallery Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, the impressive 19th century industrial estates at Crespi d'Adda which have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and innovative modern architecture seen in the Torre Velasca and Pirelli Tower in Milan.

Liguria

Liguria probably has the most unusual architectural elements of all the North-Western Italian regions. It is famous for its brightly coloured small houses on the coast, which often have very beautiful and intricate designs. Baroque architecture is also common in Liguria, found in many of the region's cities. However, modern architecture has taken the region as well, with world-famous Ligurian architects such as Renzo Piano constructing innovative structures in Genoa, along with Genoa's big aquarium and the modernist mast structure in the old port of Genoa.

Famous example buildings

The medieval Castello di Fenis under the snow.

Castello of Fenis

This medieval castle in Fenis is highly unusual and one of the Aosta Valley's finest and best examples of medieval 14th-century architecture. It is asymmetrical, and features bastions, bulky stone walls, towers and turrets, and beautiful early-middle age frescoes inside.[2]

Duomo di Monza

The Monza Cathedral, built in the late 14th century, has a unique Renaissance style making it one of the most beautiful in the region.

Duomo di Milano

The roof of the Duomo di Milano.

Probably the finest example of Gothic in Italy, the huge cathedral of Milan is famous for its medieval spires, impressive facade, grand bronze-doors, and the Madonnina golden statue at the top, which dominates the Milan skyline.

Palazzo della Loggia

The Renaissance Palazzo della Loggia in Brescia is an example of Lombard architecture, with strong influences of Veneto. For its construction was attended by leading architects, such as Palladio and Vanvitelli.

The Palazzo della Loggia

Cappella Coleoni

The Renaissance chapel in Bergamo, built in 1476, has an octagonal dome, similar to that of Florence Cathedral, and a fine marble facade.

Palazzo Carignano (Museo del Risorgimento)

The Palazzo Carignano is one of the grandest Baroque palaces in Turin, and has two different facades, one Baroque and the other Neoclassical. Built by Guarini in 1679, it has a beautiful brink rotunda-like facade.

The Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi interior.

Palazzina di cacci di Stupinigi

This Rococo hunting lodge is the aruguably the best example of Rococo architecture in the country, and features an impressive facade, lavish interior, and spacious, leafy gardens and background park.[3]

Mole Antonelliana

This building, constructed from 1863 until 1897, was meant to be a synagogue in Turin, however with a spire reaching 167 metres, it was for a period in time the world's tallest building.[4]

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II

The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan.

This revolutionary gallery was one of the oldest in the world, and the first building to use iron, glass and steel in Italy, built by Menegoni in 1865 and dedicated to King Vittorio Emanuele II.[5]

Lingotto

The Lingotto is one of the most impressive examples of factory architecture in Italy. It was the plant of car company Fiat and was built from 1915 until 1918.[6]

Pirelli Tower

The 1959 Pirelli Tower was an Italian pioneer building in modernist architecture.[7]

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26 - 27
  2. ↑ Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26 - 27
  3. ↑ Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26 - 27
  4. ↑ Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26 - 27
  5. ↑ Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26 - 27
  6. ↑ Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26 - 27
  7. ↑ Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26 - 27
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