Nieuport 10

Nieuport 10

Role	reconnaissance, fighter and trainer
Manufacturer	Nieuport
Designer	Gustave Delage
First flight	1914
Introduction	1915
Status	retired
Primary users	Aéronautique Militaire Royal Naval Air Service Imperial Russian Air Service
Produced	1915-1918
Variants	Nieuport 12

Nieuport 10 wing and aileron details

The Nieuport 10 was a French First World War sesquiplane that filled a wide variety of roles including reconnaissance, fighter and trainer.

Design and development

In January 1914, designer Gustave Delage joined the Société Anonyme des Etablissements Nieuport, and started working on a series of aircraft that would remain in production for the remainder of the First World War. The Nieuport 10 was first of these and was originally designed to compete in the Gordon Bennett Trophy race of 1914. World War I caused this contest to be cancelled, and the type was developed as a military two seat reconnaissance aircraft that entered service in 1915.

The type featured a distinctive "V" strut layout. The lower wing was much smaller in area than the upper wing. The concept was intended to combine the strength of the biplane's wire braced wing cell with the good visibility of the parasol monoplane.^[1]

Many were converted or built as single-seat fighters by covering the front cockpit, and adding a Lewis Gun or Vickers machine gun either to fire through the center section of the top wing or mounted over it, firing forwards. In this form, the type was used as a fighter.

Two major types were developed from the Nieuport 10 - the Nieuport 11 Bébé - a smaller aircraft, designed from the outset as a single-seater, and the Nieuport 12 - a more powerful two-seater with a larger top wing. In addition, production was undertaken of a dedicated trainer version under the Nieuport 83 E.2 designation with detail changes. A single example of a triplane, using a Nieuport 10 airframe was built to test an unusual staggered wing concept.

Operational Use

Many of the early French aces flew the Nieuport 10, the best known of which was Georges Guynemer, who used several Nieuport 10s, all marked "Vieux Charles". Jan Olieslagers was flying a Nieuport 10 when he became the first Belgian to shoot down another aircraft, while the first Canadian aerial victory was also scored in a Nieuport 10, by Flight Sub-Lieutenant Arthur Ince.

Variants

Early French Nieuport X.B reconnaissance aircraft

Nieuport 10 triplane

American Nieuport 83 E.2 trainer

Nieuport-Macchi Ni.10 at the Museo nazionale della scienza e della tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci in Milan.

Nieuport X.B: Early designation distinguishing it from the earlier unrelated Nieuport X monoplane.
Nieuport X.AV: Company designation with the observer/gunner seated in the front and the pilot in the rear.
Nieuport X.AR: Company designation with the pilot seated in the front and the observer/gunner in the rear.
Nieuport 10 A.2: Two seat reconnaissance (Artillerie) aircraft, same as Nieuport X.AR.
Nieuport 10 C.1: Single-seat fighter variant. Inspired development of Nieuport 11 C.1.
Nieuport 10 E.2: Nieuport 10 A.2s used for training.
Nieuport 83 E.2: Purpose built trainer with detail modifications.
Nieuport 10 triplane: Testbed for triplane with unusual wing stagger.
Nieuport-Macchi 10.000: Italian built Nieuport 10 with many detail modifications.
Nieuport 18 or 18 meter Nieuport: Unofficial description of basic type based on nominal wing area of 18 square meters.
Nakajima Army Type Ko 2 Trainer: Nieuport 83 E.2 built under licence in Japan.
Trainer Type 2: Siamese designation for imported Nieuport 83 E.2.

Operators

Belgium: Belgian Air Force
Brazil: Brazilian Air Force
France: Aéronautique Militaire; Aéronavale
Finland: Finnish Air Force (ex-Russian examples)
Kingdom of Italy: Corpo Aeronautico Militare
Japan: Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
Russian Empire: Imperial Russian Air Service - imported large numbers and built under licence.; Imperial Russian Navy - ex Air Service aircraft.
Serbia: Serbian Air Force^[2]
Thailand: Royal Thai Air Force
Ukrainian People's Republic: Ukrainian People's Army (One aircraft only)
United Kingdom: Royal Naval Air Service - early user. Note that the Royal Flying Corps did not use the Nieuport 10.
United States: United States Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force - used as trainers only
Soviet Union: Workers' and Peasants' Air Fleet (ex-Russian examples)

Survivors

Two Nieuport-Macchi 10,000's survive and are on display in Italy, one at the Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra and one at the Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci", and an original Nieuport 83 E.2 that had been flown by Charles Nungesser while barnstorming in the United States shortly after the First World War, is at Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome on static display.

Specifications (Nieuport 10 C.1 fighter)

Drawing of definitive Nieuport 10 C.1 fighter

General characteristics

Crew: one, pilot
Length: 7.09 m (23 ft 3 in)
Wingspan: 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in)
Height: 2.7 m (8 ft 11 in)
Wing area: 18 m² (193.8 ft²)
Empty weight: 411 kg (905 lb)
Loaded weight: 658 kg (1,450 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × le Rhône 9C rotary, 60 kW (80 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 139 km/h (75 knots, 86 mph)
Range: 249.44 kilometers (155 miles)
Service ceiling: 4,572 m (15,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 2.1 m/s (410 ft/min)
Endurance: 2.5 hours

Armament

1 × Lewis machine gun mounted atop the upper wing

References

Footnotes

↑ Fitzsimons 1967/1969, p. 1989.
↑ Janić Č, Petrović O, Short History of Aviation in Serbia, Beograd, Aerokomunikacije, 2011. ISBN 978-86-913973-2-6

Bibliography

Apostolo, Giorgio (1991). Aermacchi - from Nieuports to AMX. Milan, Italy: Giorgio Apostolo Editore (GAE).
Bruce, J.M. (1998). Nieuport 10~12 - Windsock Datafile 68. Herts, UK: Albatros Publications. ISBN 978-1902207018.
Cooksley, Peter (1997). Nieuport Fighters In Action. In Action Aircraft Number 167. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 978-0897473774.
Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. ISBN 978-1891268090.
Durkota, Alan; Darcey, Thomas; Kulikov, Victor (1995). The Imperial Russian Air Service — Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. ISBN 0-9637110-2-4.
Rimmell, Ray (1990). World War One Survivors. Bucks: Aston Publications. ISBN 0-946627-44-4.
Rosenthal, Léonard; Marchand, Alain; Borget, Michel; Bénichou, Michel (1997). Nieuport 1909-1950 Collection Docavia Volume 38. Clichy Cedex, France: Editions Lariviere. ISBN 978-2848900711.
Sanger, Ray (2002). Nieuport Aircraft of World War One. Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1861264473.
Taylor, John W. R.; Alexander, Jean (1969). Combat Aircraft of the World. New York: Putnam. pp. 112–113. LCCN 68-25459.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nieuport 10.

Aircraft produced by Nieuport
Nieuport (1909-1914)	1909 monoplane II III IV/IV.M/IV.H VI VII X XI Nieuport-Dunne Carton-Pate
Nieuport (1914-1918)	10 11 12 12bis 13 14 15 16 17 17bis 18 19 20 21 23 24 24bis 25 26 27 28 Madon 29 30 31
Nieuport (World War 1 trainers)	80 81 82 83
Nieuport-Delage	29 29V 30T Sesquiplan 32RH 33 37 38 39/390/391 40R 41 42S 42 C.1 42 C.2 43 44 450 46 48/48bis/481 50 52 54/540/541 580 590 62 640/641 650 72 740 82 690 941 120/121/122/125
Nieuport (mid 1930s)	140 160
Loire-Nieuport	LN.10 LN.20 LN.30 LN.40 LN.401 LN.411 LN.42 LN.43 LN.161 LN.162

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