Lower Bavaria

Lower Bavaria
Niederbayern
Regierungsbezirk

Map of Bavaria highlighting the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Bavaria
Country Germany
State Bavaria
Region seat Landshut
Area
 • Total 10,329.87 km2 (3,988.39 sq mi)
Population (31 December 2015)[1]
 • Total 1,212,119
 • Density 120/km2 (300/sq mi)
Website regierung.niederbayern.bayern.de
Coat of arms of Lower Bavaria

Lower Bavaria (German: Niederbayern) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state.

Geography

Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions (Planungsverband) - Landshut and Donau-Wald. Recent election results mark it as the most conservative part of Germany, generally giving huge margins to the CSU. This part of Bavaria includes the Bavarian Forest, a well-known tourist destination in Germany, and the Lower Bavarian Upland.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1900 678,192—    
1910 724,331+0.66%
1939 755,980+0.15%
1950 1,041,333+2.95%
1961 927,724−1.04%
1970 977,166+0.58%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1987 1,027,374+0.30%
2002 1,191,476+0.99%
2005 1,196,923+0.15%
2006 1,193,820−0.26%
2008 1,193,444−0.02%
2010 1,189,701−0.16%

Main sights

Befreiungshalle with River Danube

Next to the former ducal residences Landshut and Straubing and the baroque episcopal city of Passau, the city of Kelheim with the Befreiungshalle and Weltenburg Abbey belong to the major tourist attractions. To the scenic attractions belong the River Danube including the Donaudurchbruch at Weltenburg and the Bavarian Forest with Mount Großer Arber.

History

The duchy of Lower Bavaria was created for the first time with the First Bavarian partition in 1255 under duke Henry but there was no exact identity with the current territory. After the reunification in 1340, Bavaria was divided again in 1349, then in 1353 Bavaria-Straubing and Bavaria-Landshut were created in Lower Bavaria. In 1505 Bavaria was irrevocably reunited.

After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria replacing the Electorate of Bavaria following the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire by newly crowned French Emperor Napoleon I in 1805, the state was totally reorganized and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government regions (German: Regierungsbezirke (singular Regierungsbezirk)), in Bavaria called Kreise (singular: Kreis). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers.

In the following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol [to Italy and Austria], addition of the Palatinate), the number of Kreise was reduced to eight ( 8 ). One of these was the Unterdonaukreis (Lower Danube District). In 1837, King Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical territorial names and tribes of the area. This also involved some border changes or territorial swaps. Thus the name Unterdonaukreis changed to Lower Bavaria. The district capital was moved from Passau to Landshut.

In 1971, under the former West German government, Lower Bavaria again was reshaped when the districts covered were reshaped, too.

References

  1. ↑ "Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes". Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (in German). June 2016.

Coordinates: 48°31′N 12°09′E / 48.517°N 12.150°E / 48.517; 12.150

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