Ngardi language
| Ngardi | |
|---|---|
| Region | Northern Territory and Western Australia |
Native speakers | 10 (2005) to 14 (2006 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
rxd |
| Glottolog |
ngar1288[2] |
| AIATSIS[1] |
A69 |
Ngardi (Ngarti) or Ngardilj is a moribund Australian Aboriginal language.
Classication
Capell (1962) considered Ngardi, Warlpiri, and Warlmanpa to be dialects of a single language. R. M. W. Dixon (2002) grouped Ngardi together with Warlpiri and Warlmanpa in the Yapa group, but admitted that this was based on limited data. McConvell and Laughren (2004) showed that it was in Ngumbin, a closely related group, and this was followed in Honeyman (2005). However, Bowern (2011) listed it as a more distant Wati language.[3]
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Low | a | |
Consonants
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Stop | p | k | c | t | ʈ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n | ɳ |
| Lateral | ʎ | l | ɭ | ||
| Rhotic | r | ɻ | |||
| Semivowel | w | j | |||
References
- 1 2 Ngardi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Ngardi". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Bowern, Claire. 2011 "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected February 6, 2012)
- Capell, A. (1962). Some linguistic types in Australia. Sydney: Oceania Publications.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Honeyman, Tom (2005). Topic and Focus in Ngardi. thesis. University of Sydney.
- McConvell and Laughren (2004) "The Ngumpin-Yapa subgroup". In Claire Bowern & Harold Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
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