Ngan’gityemerri language

Ngan’gityemerri
Nangikurrunggurr
Native to Australia
Region Northern Territory; Mission, Tipperary Station, Flora and Daly rivers junction, Daly River.
Native speakers
110 (2005) to 180 (2006 census)[1]
Southern?
  • Ngan’gityemerri
Dialects
  • Ngan’gikurunggurr
  • Ngan’giwumirri
  • Ngan’gimerri
Language codes
ISO 639-3 nam
Glottolog nang1259[2]
AIATSIS[1] N157*

Ngan’gityemerri—or Ngan’gi for short—is an indigenous language spoken in the Daly River region of Australia’s Northern Territory. The language is spoken in three mutually intelligible dialects: Ngan’gikurunggurr, Ngen’giwumirri, and Ngan’gimerri, which are 90% cognate but distinct languages sociolinguistically.[3][1] Ngan’gi is spoken by about 150-200 people in the region around the Daly River (most living in the communities of Nauiyu, Peppimenarti and Wudigapildhiyerr) and in a number of smaller outstations on traditional lands (such as Nganambala and Merrepen).

Spelling variants

Ngan’gi is sometimes also referred to by its speakers as Ngan'gityemerri. The varieties of this language have using widely differing spellings, including Nangikurrunggurr, Ngankikurungkurr, Ngenkikurrunggur, Ngangikarangurr, Ngankikurrunkurr, Nangikurunggurr, Nanggikorongo, Nangikurungguru, Nangikurungurr, Nangikurunurr, Nangityemer, Ngan’gikurunggurr, Ngangikurongor, Ngangikurrunggurr, Ngangikurrungur, Ngan'gikurunggurr, Ngangikurunggurr, Tyemeri, Moil, Moiil, Moyl, Moyle, Ngangi-Wumeri, Ngenkiwumerri, Nangumiri, Nangiomeri, Nangimera, Mariwumiri, Mariwunini, Murin-wumiri, Nanggiomeri, Nanggiwumiri, Nanggumiri, Nangimeri, Nangiomera, Nangi-wumiri, Ngan'giwumirri, Ngengewumiri, Ngen'giwumirri, Ngengomeri, Ngen-gomeri and Wumiri.

Sometimes it is referred to by the names it is called by neighbouring languages, such as Marityemeri, Marri Sjemirri and Murrinh Tyemerri.

Grammatical features

Ngan’gi is a non-Pama-Nyungan language with strong head-marking properties. It has 31 finite verbs, which combine with a large class of coverbs to form morphologically complex verb words with the type of information requiring a sentence to convey in English (including information about the subject, the object and other participants). Ngan’gi also has a system of 16 noun classes (including bound prefixes and free words), which exhibit agreement properties on modifying words. Ngan’gi also has sound features which are unusual by Australian standards, including a three-way obstruent contrast; it has two series of stops, as well as phonemic fricatives.[4][5][6]

Relationship to other languages

The first major study of Ngan’gi was Darrell Tryon’s 1974 work, a broad discussion of Ngan’gi as one of a dozen or so "Daly family languages". Tryon viewed Ngan’gikurunggurr and Ngen’giwumirri as two languages of the "Tyemeri subgroup" of the Daly family.[7] They are now classified with Murrinh-Patha as a Southern Daly family, a position not without problems; see Southern Daly languages for details.[8]

Sources

References

  1. 1 2 3 Ngan’gityemerri at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Nangikurrunggurr". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Reid, N.J. and P. McTaggart, Ngan'gi Dictionary. Armidale: Australian Linguistics Press, 2008.
  4. Hoddinott, W. and F. Kofod, The Ngankikurungkurr Language (Daly River Area, Northern Territory). Series D, No. 77. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 1988 (the largest published description of Ngan’gi).
  5. Tryon, Darrell, "The Daly Language Family: a structural survey" in Laycock, D., ed. Linguistic Trends in Australia. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 23. Canberra: Australian Institute for Aboriginal Studies, pp. 51–57.
  6. Reid, N.J. "Complex verb collocations in Ngan’gityemerri: a non-derivational mechanism for manipulating valency alternations" in Dixon. R.M.W. and A. Aikenvald (eds), Changing Valency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  7. Tryon, Darrell. The Daly Family Languages, Australia. Series C, no. 32. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 1974.
  8. Green, I. "The Genetic Status of Murrinh-patha" in Evans, N., ed. "The Non-Pama-Nyungan Languages of Northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent’s most linguistically complex region". Studies in Language Change, 552. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2003.
  9. Reid, N.J. "Phrasal verb to synthetic verb: recorded morphosyntactic change in Ngan’gityemerri" in Evans, N. (ed.) Studies in Non-Pama-Nyungan Languages: comparative studies of the continent’s most linguistically complex region. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2003.
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