Newcastle-under-Lyme (UK Parliament constituency)

Newcastle-under-Lyme
Borough constituency for the House of Commons
Boundary of Newcastle-under-Lyme in Staffordshire.
Location of Staffordshire within England.
County	Staffordshire
Electorate	68,692 (December 2010)[1]
Major settlements	Newcastle-under-Lyme, Keele and Audley
Current constituency
Created	1885
Member of parliament	Paul Farrelly (Labour)
Number of members	One
1354–1885
Number of members	Two
Type of constituency	Borough constituency
Overlaps
European Parliament constituency	West Midlands

Newcastle-under-Lyme is a constituency^{[n 1]} in the Potteries created in 1354 represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2001 by Paul Farrelly of the Labour Party.^{[n 2]}

History

From its creation in 1354, Newcastle-under-Lyme returned two MPs to the House of Commons. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the constituency's representation was cut to one member.

Prominent frontbenchers or members

Josiah Wedgwood of the pottery family was repeatedly elected to the seat from 1906 until he was ennobled to join the Lords in 1942, as 1st Baron Wedgwood and campaigned in the US for that country to join World War II and for Indian Independence; he was among many Liberals and their supporters deserting the party in or around 1918 due to the steering of David Lloyd George to the right and inviting Conservatives into government with him. Before the 20th century the constituency was often influenced and represented by members of the Leveson-Leveson-Gower (/ˈluːsənˈɡɔːr/) ^{[n 3]} and related Egerton family who owned in this constituency the Trentham estate^{[n 4]} - their most important MP was the Viscount Trentham who obtained a Dukedom.

Summary of results

This constituency had been one of the most loyal Labour Party seats having returned a Labour MP since 1922 when MP Wedgwood defected from the highly centrist and compromising Liberal Party at the time to the Labour Party. However, at the 2010 General Election it was won by Farrelly with a margin of 3%, seeing a Conservative increase of +9.4% and a Labour decline of -7.4%. The 2015 result gave the seat the 9th-smallest majority of Labour's 232 seats by percentage of majority.^[2]

Results of candidates of other parties

In 2015 one of four other parties' candidates standing, UKIP's Wood, won more than 5% of the vote in 2015 therefore keeping his deposit.

Turnout since 1945

Turnout has ranged from 87.6% in 1950 to 58.8% in 2001.

Boundaries

The constituency includes most of the northerly parts of Newcastle-under-Lyme borough, primarily Newcastle-under-Lyme town plus Keele and Audley.

Parliament accepted the Boundary Commission's Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies for General Election 2010 since which it has electoral wards, with no alterations in that review:

• Audley and Bignall End; Bradwell; Chesterton; Clayton; Cross Heath; Halmerend; Holditch; Keele; Knutton and Silverdale; May Bank; Porthill; Seabridge; Silverdale and Parksite; Thistleberry; Town; Westlands; and Wolstanton in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme^[3]

From 1983-2010 the constituency comprised the following wards of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, namely, Audley and Bignall End, Bradwell, Chesterton, Clayton, Cross Heath, Halmerend, Holditch, Keele, May Bank, Porthill, Seabridge, Silverdale, Thistleberry, Town, Westlands and Wolstanton.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1353–1509

Where the name of the member has not yet been ascertained or is not recorded in a surviving document, the entry unknown is entered in the table.

Burgesses in the English Parliament 1510-1707

As there were sometimes significant gaps between Parliaments held in this period, the dates of first assembly and dissolution are given.

The Roman numerals after some names are those used in The House of Commons 1509-1558 and The House of Commons 1558-1603 to distinguish a member from another politician of the same name.

Elected	Assembled	Dissolved	First member	Second member
1510	21 January 1510	23 February 1510	John Welles	William Pury
1512	4 February 1512	4 March 1514	John Welles	Thomas Rider
1515	5 February 1515	22 December 1515	John Welles	Thomas Rider
1523	15 April 1523	13 August 1523	unknown	unknown
1529	3 November 1529	14 April 1536	John Persall	Richard Grey
1536	8 June 1536	18 July 1536	unknown	unknown
1539	28 April 1539	24 July 1540	unknown	unknown
1542	16 January 1542	28 March 1544	Harry Broke	John Smith
1545	23 November 1545	31 January 1547	Humphrey Welles	Harry Broke
1547	4 November 1547	15 April 1552	James Rolston	William Layton (died) Alexander Walker in place of Layton
1553	1 March 1553	31 March 1553	Roger Fowke	John Smyth
1553	5 October 1553	5 December 1553	Roger Fowke	James Rolston
1554	2 April 1554	3 May 1554	James Rolleston	Francis Moore
1554	12 November 1554	16 January 1555	Sir Ralph Bagnall	Richard Smyth
1555	21 October 1555	9 December 1555	Sir Richard Bagnall (properly Sir Nicholas Bagenal)	Richard Smyth
14 January 1558	20 January 1558	17 November 1558	Richard Hussey	Thomas Egerton
5 January 1559	23 January 1559	8 May 1559	Sir Nicholas Bagenal	Walter Blount
1562 or 1563	11 January 1563	2 January 1567	Sir Ralph Bagnall	John Long
1571	2 April 1571	29 May 1571	Sir Ralph Bagnall	Ralph Bourchier
12 April 1572	8 May 1572	19 April 1583	Ralph Bourchier	Thomas Grimsdiche
16 November 1584	23 November 1584	14 September 1585	Peter Warburton	Walter Chetwynd
28 September 1586	13 October 1586	23 March 1587	James Colyer	Walter Chetwynd
10 October 1588	4 February 1589	29 March 1589	Thomas Humphrey	Francis Angier
1593	18 February 1593	10 April 1593	John James	Thomas Fitzherbert
16 October 1597	24 October 1597	9 February 1598	Sir Walter Leveson	John Bowyer
1 October 1601	27 October 1601	19 December 1601	Edward Mainwaring	Thomas Trentham
1603 [sic]	19 March 1604	9 February 1611	Sir Walter Chetwynd	John Bowyer (replaced in by-election 1605 by Rowland Cotton)
1614	5 April 1614	7 June 1614	Edward Wymarke	Robert Needham, 2nd Viscount Kilmorey
1621	16 January 1621	8 February 1622	Sir John Davies	Edward Kerton
1624	12 February 1624	27 March 1625	Sir Edward Vere (disabled, replaced April 1624 by Charles Glemham	Richard Leveson
1625	17 May 1625	12 August 1625	Edward Mainwaring	John Keeling
1626	6 February 1626	15 June 1626	Sir John Skeffington	John Keeling
1628	17 March 1628	10 March 1629	Sir George Gresley, 1st Baronet	Sir Rowland Cotton
No parliament held
1640	13 April 1640	5 May 1640	Sir John Merrick (Country)	Richard Lloyd (Court)
1640	3 November 1640	5 December 1648	Sir Richard Leveson (Royalist) (until 1643) replaced by Samuel Terrick (Parl.)	Sir John Merrick (Parl.)
N/A	6 December 1648[n 5]	20 April 1653[n 6]	unrepresented
N/A[n 7]	4 July 1653	12 December 1653	unrepresented
1654[n 8]	3 September 1654	22 January 1655	Edward Keeling
1656[n 9]	17 September 1656	4 February 1658	John Bowyer(never sat)
1659	27 January 1659	22 April 1659	Edward Keeling	Tobias Bridge
N/A[n 10]	7 May 1659	20 February 1660	unknown	unknown

MPs 1660–1885

Election	1st Member[5]		1st Party	2nd Member[5]		2nd Party
1660		John Bowyer			Samuel Terrick
1661		Sir Caesar Colclough			Edward Mainwaring
1675					William Leveson-Gower
1679		Sir Thomas Bellot, Bt
1685		Edward Mainwaring			William Sneyd
1689		Sir William Leveson-Gower			John Lawton
1690					Sir Thomas Bellot, Bt
1692		Sir John Leveson-Gower, later 1st Lord Gower
1695					John Lawton
1698					Sir Thomas Bellot, Bt
1699					Rowland Cotton
1702		John Crewe Offley
1705[n 11]					Sir Thomas Bellot, Bt
1706		Crewe Offley			John Lawton
1708		Sir Thomas Bellot, 3rd Baronet			Rowland Cotton
1709		Crewe Offley			John Lawton
1710		William Burslem			Rowland Cotton
Jan 1715		Henry Vernon
1715		Sir Brian Broughton			Crewe Offley
1722					Thomas Leveson-Gower
1724 by-election		Sir Walter Wagstaffe Bagot
1727		Baptist Leveson-Gower			John Ward
1734					John Lawton II
1740 by-election					Randle Wilbraham
1747					Viscount Parker
1754					John Waldegrave
1761		Henry Vernon II
1762 by-election		Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt
1763 by-election					Thomas Gilbert
Mar 1768		John Wrottesley, later 8th Bt			Alexander Forrester
May 1768 by-election		Sir George Hay
1774					George Waldegrave, Viscount Chewton
1779 by-election		George Leveson-Gower, Viscount Trentham
1780					Sir Archibald Macdonald
1784		Richard Vernon
1790		John Leveson-Gower
1792 by-election		William Egerton
1793 by-election					Sir Francis Ford
1796					Edward Wilbraham Bootle
1802		Sir Robert Lawley
1806		James Macdonald
1812		Earl Gower	Whig		Sir John Boughey, Bt
1815 by-election		Sir John Chetwode
1818		William Shepherd Kinnersley			Robert John Wilmot	Tory
1823 by-election		Evelyn Denison	Whig
1826		Richardson Borradaile	Tory
1830					William Henry Miller	Whig
1831		Edmund Peel	Tory			Tory
1832		Sir Henry Willoughby	Tory
1834			Conservative			Conservative
1835		Edmund Peel	Conservative
1837		Spencer Horsey de Horsey	Conservative
1841		Edmund Buckley	Conservative		John Quincey Harris	Liberal
1842 by-election					John Campbell Colquhoun	Liberal
1847		Samuel Christy	Conservative		William Jackson	Liberal
1859		William Murray	Conservative
1865		William Shepherd Allen	Liberal		Sir Edmund Buckley, Bt	Conservative
1878 by-election					Samuel Rathbone Edge	Liberal
1880					Charles Donaldson-Hudson	Conservative
1885	representation reduced to one member by the Redistribution of Seats Act

MPs since 1885

Year		Member[5]	Party
	1885	William Shepherd Allen	Liberal
	1886	Douglas Harry Coghill	Liberal Unionist
	1892	William Allen	Liberal
	1900	Sir Alfred Seale Haslam	Liberal Unionist
	1906	Josiah Wedgwood	Liberal
	1919		Labour
	1942 by-election	John Mack	Labour
	1951	Stephen Swingler	Labour
	1969 by-election	John Golding	Labour
	1986 by-election	Llin Golding	Labour
	2001	Paul Farrelly	Labour

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

General Election 2017: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[6]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Paul Farrelly	21,124	48.22	9.8
	Conservative	Owen Meredith	21,094	48.13	11.2
	Liberal Democrat	Nigel Jones	1,624	3.75	0.5
Majority			30	0.09	1.4
Turnout			43,842	66.9	4.3
	Labour hold		Swing	1.7

General Election 2015: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[7]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Paul Farrelly	16,520	38.4	0.5
	Conservative	Tony Cox	15,870	36.9	2.5
	UKIP	Phil Wood	7,252	16.9	8.8
	Liberal Democrat	Ian Wilkes	1,826	4.2	15.4
	Green	Sam Gibbons	1,246	2.9	2.9
	Independent	David Nixon	283	0.7	0.7
Majority			650	1.5	2.1
Turnout			42,997	62.6	0.4
	Labour hold		Swing	1.5

General Election 2010: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[8]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Paul Farrelly	16,393	38.0	7.4
	Conservative	Robert Jenrick	14,841	34.4	9.4
	Liberal Democrat	Nigel Jones	8,466	19.6	0.7
	UKIP	David Nixon	3,491	8.1	4.5
Majority			1,552	3.6	16.8
Turnout			43,191	62.2	4.0
	Labour hold		Swing	8.4

Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2005: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[9]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Paul Farrelly	18,053	45.4	8.0
	Conservative	Jeremy Lefroy	9,945	25.0	2.6
	Liberal Democrat	Trevor Johnson	7,528	18.9	3.4
	UKIP	David Nixon	1,436	3.6	2.1
	BNP	John Dawson	1,390	3.5	N/A
	Green	Andrew Dobson	918	2.3	N/A
	Veritas	Marian Harvey-Lover	518	1.3	N/A
Majority			8,108	20.4	5.4
Turnout			39,788	61.6	2.8
	Labour hold		Swing	2.7

General Election 2001: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[10]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Paul Farrelly	20,650	53.4	3.1
	Conservative	Michael Flynn	10,664	27.6	6.1
	Liberal Democrat	Jerry Roodhouse	5,993	15.5	1.5
	Independent	Robert Fyson	773	2.0	N/A
	UKIP	Paul Godfrey	594	1.5	N/A
Majority			9,986	25.8	9.2
Turnout			38,674	58.8	14.8
	Labour hold		Swing	4.6

Elections in the 1990s

General Election 1997: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[11]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Llin Golding	27,743	56.5	8.6
	Conservative	Marcus Hayes	10,537	21.5	8.1
	Liberal Democrat	Robin Studd	6,858	14.0	7.9
	Referendum	Kim Suttle	1,510	3.1	N/A
	Liberal	Steven Mountford	1,399	2.9	N/A
	Socialist Labour	Bridget Bell	1,082	2.2	N/A
Majority			17,206	35.0	16.6
Turnout			49,129	73.6	7.2
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1992: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[12][13]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Llin Golding	25,652	47.9	7.4
	Conservative	Andrew Brierley	15,813	29.6	1.7
	Liberal Democrat	Alan Thomas	11,727	21.9	9.0
	Natural Law	Richard Lines	314	0.6	N/A
Majority			9,839	18.4	8.8
Turnout			53,506	80.8	3.7
	Labour hold		Swing	2.9

Elections in the 1980s

General Election 1987: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[14]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Llin Golding	21,618	40.51	1.5
	Liberal	Alan Thomas	16,486	30.9	9.3
	Conservative	Peter Ridway	14,863	27.9	8.6
	Ex Labour Moderate	Michael Nicklin	397	0.7
Majority			5,132	9.6	4.1
Turnout				80.8
	Labour hold		Swing

• Resignation of John Golding on 24 June 1986, upon appointment as General Secretary of the National Communications Union.

Newcastle-under-Lyme by-election, 1986

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Llin Golding	16,819	40.8	1.2
	Liberal	Alan Thomas	16,020	38.8	17.2
	Conservative	James Nock	7,863	19.0	17.4
	Monster Raving Loony	David Sutch	277	0.7	N/A
	Independent	John Gaskell	115	0.3	N/A
	Independent	James Parker	83	0.2	N/A
	Independent	David Brewster	70	0.2	N/A
Majority			799	2.0	3.6
Turnout			41,247	62.2	15.1
	Labour hold		Swing
Registered electors			66,353

General Election 1983: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[15]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Golding	21,210	42.0
	Conservative	L Lawrence	18,406	36.4
	Liberal	Alan Thomas	10,916	21.6
Majority			2,804	5.6
Turnout				77.3
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General Election 1979: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Golding	28,649	48.5
	Conservative	E Ashley	24,421	41.3
	Liberal	G Evans	5,878	10.0
	British Socialist Empire	S Rowe	156	0.3
Majority			4,228	7.2
Turnout				81.6
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election October 1974: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Golding	28,154	49.6
	Conservative	Nicholas Bonsor	20,784	36.6
	Liberal	R Fyson	7,604	13.4
	UK Front	S Rowe	256	0.5
Majority			7,370	13.0
Turnout				78.0
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election February 1974: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Golding	28,603	47.2
	Conservative	Nicholas Bonsor	22,955	37.9
	Liberal	R Fyson	8,861	14.6
	UK Front	S Rowe	228	0.4
Majority			5,648	9.3
Turnout				84.1
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1970: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Golding	22,329	48.9	12.9
	Conservative	Nicholas Winterton	20,223	44.3	6.1
	Liberal	Derek Wright	1,954	4.3	N/A
	Democratic Party	Peter Boyle	1,194	2.61	N/A
Majority			2,106	4.6	19.0
Turnout				65.5
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1960s

By-election 1969: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[16][17]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Golding	21,786	46.1	15.7
	Conservative	Nicholas Winterton	20,744	43.9	5.7
	Liberal	David Spreckley	2,999	6.4	6.4
	Democratic Party	D Parker	1,699	3.6	3.6
Majority			1,042	2.2	21.4
Turnout			47,228	72.3
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1966: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Stephen Swingler	31,548	61.8
	Conservative	Peggy Fenner	19,497	38.2
Majority			12,051	23.6
Turnout				79.9
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1964: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Stephen Swingler	30,470	58.0
	Conservative	John Lovering	22,073	42.0
Majority			8,397	16.0
Turnout				82.2
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General Election 1959: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Stephen Swingler	29,840	55.6
	Conservative	Thomas Prendergast	23,838	44.4
Majority			6,002	11.2
Turnout				84.4
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1955: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Stephen Swingler	28,314	56.8
	Conservative	Frank Taylor	21,569	43.2
Majority			6,745	13.5
Turnout				80.8
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1951: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Stephen Swingler	30,814	58.0
	Conservative	James Friend	22,278	42.0
Majority			8,536	16.1
Turnout				87.5
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1950: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Mack	30,249	57.8
	Conservative	James Friend	22,132	42.2
Majority			8,117	15.5
Turnout				87.6
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1945: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Mack	25,903	66.2
	Conservative	George Wade	8,380	21.4
	Liberal	Norman Elliott	4,838	12.4
Majority			17,523	44.8
Turnout				77.1
	Labour hold		Swing

Newcastle under Lyme by-election, 1942

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	John Mack	Unopposed
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1935: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Josiah Wedgwood	Unopposed
	Labour gain from Independent Labour		Swing

General Election 1931: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Independent Labour	Josiah Wedgwood	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Independent Labour gain from Labour		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1929: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[18]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Josiah Wedgwood	20,931	69.9
	Unionist	Christopher Kemplay Tatham	9,011	30.1
Majority			11,920	39.8
Turnout			29,942
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1923: Newcastle-under-Lyme

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Josiah Wedgwood	12,881
	Unionist	John Ravenshaw	6,746
Majority
Turnout
	Labour hold		Swing

Election results 1885-1918

Elections in the 1880s

General Election 1885: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][20][21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	William Shepherd Allen	4,031	58.6	n/a
	Conservative	Andrew Scoble	2,848	41.4	n/a
Majority			1,183	17.2	n/a
Turnout				87.8	n/a
	Liberal win (new seat)

General Election 1886: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal Unionist	Douglas Coghill	2,896	51.3	9.9
	Liberal	John Beavis Brindley	2,752	48.7	9.9
Majority			144	2.6	19.8
Turnout				72.1	15.7
	Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	9.9

Elections in the 1890s

General Election 1892: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	William Allen	4,024	57.8	9.1
	Liberal Unionist	Douglas Coghill	2,936	42.2	9.1
Majority			1,088	15.6	18.2
Turnout				78.5	6.4
	Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist		Swing	9.1

General Election 1895: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][20][22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	William Allen	3,510	50.8	7.0
	Liberal Unionist	Arthur Morier Lee	3,399	49.2	7.0
Majority			111	1.6	14.0
Turnout				83.4	4.9
	Liberal hold		Swing	7.0

Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1900: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][20][23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal Unionist	Alfred Seale Haslam	3,750	51.2	2.0
	Liberal	William Allen	3,568	48.8	2.0
Majority			182	2.4	4.0
Turnout				80.5	2.9
	Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	2.0

General Election 1906: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Josiah Wedgwood	5,155	63.6	14.8
	Liberal Unionist	Alfred Seale Haslam	2,948	36.4	14.8
Majority			2,207	27.2	29.6
Turnout				84.0	3.5
	Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist		Swing	14.8

Elections in the 1910s

General Election January 1910: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][24]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Josiah Wedgwood	5,613	56.9	6.7
	Liberal Unionist	Ewart Grogan	4,245	43.1	6.7
Majority			1,368	13.8	13.4
Turnout				93.8	9.8
	Liberal hold		Swing	6.7

General Election December 1910: Newcastle-under-Lyme^[19][25]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Josiah Wedgwood	5,281	56.4	0.5
	Liberal Unionist	Ewart Grogan	4,087	43.6	0.5
Majority			1,194	12.8	1.0
Turnout				89.1	4.7
	Liberal hold		Swing	0.5

General Election 1914/15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Liberal: Josiah Wedgwood
• Unionist: Edgar Percy Hewitt

See also

• Newcastle-under-Lyme by-election, 1986
• List of Parliamentary constituencies in Staffordshire

Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

• Britain Votes/Europe Votes By-Election Supplement 1983-, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Research Services 1985-)

Coordinates: 53°02′N 2°18′W / 53.04°N 2.30°W / 53.04; -2.30