New York State Route 28

New York State Route 28 marker

New York State Route 28

NY 28 follows a routing shaped like a C from its southern terminus near the New York State Thruway in Kingston to its northern terminus at US 9 in the North Country. It heads northwest to Oneonta, where it briefly overlaps Interstate 88. From there, it proceeds north, intersecting US 20 and the Thruway east of Utica before entering the North Country and turning east to reach US 9.

Map of New York with NY 28 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NYSDOT and the village of Cooperstown
Length: 281.69 mi[1] (453.34 km)
Existed: 1924[2] – present
Major junctions
South end: I-587 / NY 32 in Kingston
  I-87 / New York Thruway / US 209 / I-587 in Kingston
I-88 in Oneonta
US 20 in Richfield Springs
I-90 / New York Thruway in Herkimer
NY 5 in Herkimer
NY 12 in Trenton
NY 30 in Blue Mountain Lake
North end: US 9 in Warrensburg
Location
Counties: Ulster, Delaware, Otsego, Herkimer, Oneida, Hamilton, Warren
Highway system
← NY 27ANY 28A →
← NY 531I-587I-590 →

New York State Route 28 (NY 28) is a state highway extending for 281.69 miles (453.34 km) in the shape of a "C" between the Hudson Valley city of Kingston and southern Warren County in the U.S. state of New York. Along the way, it intersects several major routes, including Interstate 88 (I-88), U.S. Route 20 (US 20), and the New York State Thruway twice. The southern terminus of NY 28 is at NY 32 in Kingston and the northern terminus is at US 9 in Warrensburg. In Kingston, NY 28 is co-designated as Interstate 587 from its southern terminus at NY 32 to the roundabout linking it to the Thruway (I-87).

NY 28 was originally assigned in 1924 to an alignment extending from Colliersville in the south to Utica in the north via Ilion. From Colliersville to Cooperstown, the highway followed its current routing (excluding minor realignments); north of Cooperstown, NY 28 was routed along several state highways that now have other designations. The route was extended south to Kingston and north to Warrensburg as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. At the same time, NY 28 was realigned between Cooperstown and Mohawk to follow its modern routing. Other than minor realignments in Kingston, Oneonta, and Oneida County, NY 28 has remained the same to this day.

Route description

Ulster County

NY 28's southern terminus is with NY 32 (Albany Avenue) in the city of Kingston. The route heads north, then northwest on Colonel Chandler Drive, a four-lane limited-access highway. The roadway is also designated and signed as I-587, which begins at NY 32 as well. Although Colonel Chandler Drive is built to Interstate Highway standards, it has no intermediary interchanges. After crossing over the Esopus Creek into Ulster, I-587 terminates at a roundabout that links I-587 and NY 28 to the New York State Thruway (I-87) at exit 19.[3]

West of I-87, the route crosses the Blue Line of Catskill Park and becomes the Onteora Trail. Although still four lanes wide, the route is no longer a limited-access highway as it has an at-grade intersection with Modica Lane, a local dead-end street, just west of where it passes over the Thruway. Not long afterward, the highway meets US 209 by way of a cloverleaf interchange. Past US 209, the highway enters a rural area as it heads northwest into the center of the state park.[3]

Near the eastern tip of the Ashokan Reservoir, in the town of Kingston, NY 28 intersects the eastern terminus of NY 28A. West of NY 28A, NY 28 continues towards the north and west along the northern edge of the reservoir. In West Hurley, the route intersects the southern terminus of NY 375. It proceeds along the reservoir to its western end in the town of Olive community of Boiceville, where NY 28A reconnects to the route. Here the mountains begin to loom over the road, with Mount Tremper dominating the view to the north as the route continues along Esopus Creek into the town of Shandaken after passing the southern terminus of NY 212 at Mount Pleasant. At Phoenicia, the largest settlement since Kingston, NY 214 reaches its southern terminus at the highway.[3]

Past Phoenicia, the surrounding slopes become steeper as the road and creek curve around Panther Mountain, one of the Catskill High Peaks, to the south. At Allaben, the Shandaken Tunnel crosses under the road, bringing water from Schoharie Reservoir into the creek. The road and creek start bending to the south to the hamlet of Shandaken, where the town hall on the south side of the road is followed by the southern terminus of NY 42's northern segment. As NY 28 continues trending southwest, the valley becomes less developed. Balsam Mountain, another High Peak, looms ahead.

The northern terminus of NY 42's southern segment marks the small hamlet of Big Indian, after which Esopus Creek crosses for the last time, turning south to its source at Winnisook Lake. The road begins a sustained climb over the next two miles paralleling an Esopus tributary, Birch Creek, up to Pine Hill. At the road to Belleayre Ski Center, in Highmount, the last junction before it leaves the Catskill Park and enters Delaware County, it is for the first time signed as a north–south route.[3]

Delaware and Otsego counties

Two road signs with the number 28 in black on a white background with "North" and "South" written over them and arrows pointing in opposite directions underneath. On the left is a sign saying "Flesischmanns 1 mile" in black on a gold background with an arrow pointing to the left. Behind the signs are roads, woods and telephone wires
NY 28 becomes a north–south route just before the Delaware County line.

Across the county line in Middletown, the highway shifts towards the west. NY 28 begins a concurrency with NY 30 in Margaretville, with the routes paralleling the East Branch of the Delaware River. After crossing the Delaware River, the route ends its concurrency with NY 30, and NY 28 continues northwest through Andes as Main Street and Delaware Avenue. In the village of Delhi, the highway becomes known as Andes Road and has a short concurrency with NY 10 in the village center. North of Delhi, it continues north towards the hamlet of Meredith, proceeding west past the hamlet. In Franklin, NY 28 makes a 90-degree turn to the north at the intersection with the eastern end of NY 357.[3]

Once in Otsego County, it traverses an s-curve before veering to the east to follow the southern bank of the Susquehanna River through the town of Oneonta. The route initially connects to the city of Oneonta, which is located across the river from NY 28, via Main Street. Shortly afterward, NY 28 meets NY 23. The route turns north, overlapping NY 23 along the four-lane James F. Lettis Highway. The two routes cross the River and enter the Oneonta city limits before separating at I-88 exit 15. NY 23 continues north on the arterial, while NY 28 joins I-88 eastward out of the city.[3]

Back in the town of Oneonta, the overlap between NY 28 and I-88 continues along the northern bank of the Susquehanna toward the hamlet of Emmons, where the expressway meets County Route 47 (CR 47) at exit 16. The overlap ends at exit 17 in Milford; however, NY 28 remains in close proximity to the Susquehanna River, which turns northward at the interchange. Roughly 0.75 miles (1.21 km) north of I-88, the highway passes over NY 7 with no access between the two. After another 0.75 miles (1.21 km), the route meets D.K. Lifgren Drive[3] (unsigned NY 992G),[4] a connector providing access between Routes 7 and 28. North of Goodyear Lake, a body of water situated 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Lifgren Drive, the highway parallels the Susquehanna to the village of Milford, where it intersects the southern terminus of NY 166.[3]

A view of the four-lane NY 5S as it approaches a traffic signal. NY 28 is accessed by turning left at the signal. In the background and distance are tree-covered mountains.
NY 28 at the intersection of NY 5S

The highway continues northward along the banks of the Susquehanna to the village of Cooperstown, home to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Inside the village, the route is initially known as Chestnut Street. Two blocks from the business district of the village, it intersects NY 80, which occupies Chestnut Street north of this point. Both routes turn west, overlapping each other as the routes leave the village.[3] The portion of the highway between the southern border of the village of Cooperstown and the northern intersection with Grove Street is maintained by the village, and is the only section of the route not maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT).[5] Routes 28 and 80 head towards the northwest, passing by the now-abandoned Cooperstown Airport. In Otsego, the NY 28/80 concurrency ends at the intersection of NY 205. NY 28 continues northward as it passes Canadarago Lake. In Richfield Springs, the highway has a concurrency with US 20 for 0.5 miles (0.8 km). North of US 20, the highway exits Otsego County.[3]

Herkimer and Oneida counties

In German Flatts, NY 28 becomes Columbia Street and intersects the northern terminus of NY 168. In Mohawk, NY 28 intersects NY 5S. After crossing the Mohawk River, NY 28 becomes Mohawk Street and meets I-90 (New York State Thruway) at exit 30. In the village of Herkimer, NY 28 has a concurrency with NY 5. North of NY 5, NY 28 begins to parallel the West Canada Creek. In Middleville, it intersects the western terminus of NY 29 and the northern terminus of NY 169. The highway executes a 90-degree turn at the three-route junction. NY 28 continues towards the north paralleling the West Canada Creek. In Poland, NY 28 begins a concurrency with NY 8.[3]

A two-lane highway passes alongside several two-story homes, some of which house businesses. One side of the highway is lined with telephone poles that have streetlights and American flags mounted on them.
NY 28 and NY 30 in Indian Lake

In Deerfield, Oneida County, NY 28 splits from NY 8. NY 28 crosses the West Canada Creek and leaves Oneida County for about 3 miles (5 km), then re-crosses the creek and enters Oneida County again. In Trenton, NY 28 joins NY 12 northward toward Barneveld. In Barneveld, NY 12 and NY 28 intersect NY 365. NY 28 splits from NY 12 in Remsen and heads toward the northeast, passing through numerous lakes and reservoirs. In Forestport, it enters Adirondack Park as it parallels the Adirondack Mountains.[3]

NY 28 briefly reenters Herkimer County, but does not have any major junctions. NY 28 passes the Fulton Chain Lakes, among several other large lakes, as it winds through the Adirondack Park.[3]

Hamilton and Warren counties

The Fulton Chain Lakes which NY 28 has been following extend into Hamilton County. The highway soon reaches the settlement of Long Lake as it passes south of Raquette Lake. In the hamlet of Blue Mountain Lake, the route begins a wrong-way concurrency with NY 30; the concurrency ends in the hamlet of Indian Lake. East of NY 30, NY 28 begins to shift towards the south.[3]

NY 28 enters Warren County paralleling the Hudson River. In North Creek, it intersects the eastern terminus of NY 28N. The highway continues towards the south opposite to its original course. In Wevertown, it intersects NY 8. It continues towards the southeast paralleling the Hudson River and in Warrensburg, NY 28 comes to an end at a "Y" intersection with US 9.[3]

History

Ulster and Delaware Turnpike

In 1802, the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike was chartered by the New York State Legislature "for improving and making a road from the west line of the Town of Salisbury in the State of Connecticut to the Susquehanna River at or near the Town of Jericho (now Bainbridge)".[6] The portion of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike east of the Hudson River was also commonly known as the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike or the Salisbury Turnpike. West of the river, the turnpike connected Kingston to modern-day Bainbridge. It then followed modern NY 28 west from Kingston up to the Delaware County hamlet of Andes. From Andes, the turnpike alignment left NY 28 to follow modern CR 2 to De Lancey, NY 10 to Walton, and NY 206 to the Village of Bainbridge.[7] The turnpike crossed the river via the Kingston-Rhinecliff Ferry and used modern Rhinecliff Road and West Market Street to the village center of Rhinecliff, then roughly followed modern-day NY 308 to the hamlet of Eighmyville.[8] It continued east from there using part of present-day CR 52 to eventually connect with and follow the route of current NY 199.[9] The turnpike corporation operated through the late 19th century.

Designation

NY 28 was designated in 1924 by the New York State Department of Transportation from Colliersville (near Oneonta) north to Utica.[2] At the time, NY 28 began at then-NY 9 in Colliersville and headed north on its current alignment to Cooperstown. NY 28 separated from its modern routing and continued to Springfield north of Cooperstown on what is now NY 80. Between Springfield and Richfield Springs, the highway utilized what is now US 20. At Richfield Springs, the highway turned north onto modern NY 167 and followed the current alignments of NY 167 and NY 168 to the village of Mohawk. Here, the highway turned westward, using a small portion of its current alignment and the present-day NY 5S corridor to connect to Utica by way of Ilion.[10]

In 1924, what is now NY 28 was part of NY 19 from Kingston to Margaretville (where NY 19 turned north to follow modern NY 30 to Grand Gorge), NY 9 from Oneonta to Colliersville, NY 28 from Colliersville to Cooperstown, NY 2 from Trenton to Forestport, and NY 10 from North Creek to Wevertown. The remaining portions of modern NY 28 were unnumbered.[2][10] By 1926, the portion of current NY 28 from Margaretville to Meredith was designated as part of NY 64. Past Meredith, NY 64 continued north to NY 23 on Palmerville Road, McDougal Road, Rathbun Road, and Prosser Hollow Road. Additionally, the segment of modern NY 28 from Middleville to Trenton was designated as part of NY 29.[10] Between 1926 and 1930, what is now NY 28 between Blue Mountain Lake and North Creek became part of NY 10A, a highway extending from Long Lake to North Creek via Blue Mountain Lake.[10][11][12]

A shaded area roughly depicts the city of Kingston. A solid line passes the city to the left; one end of the line reads "to New York City" while the other (at top) reads "to Albany". Another solid line leads from that line to the center of Kingston, where it ends.
1955 Yellow Book map of Kingston loosely depicting what became I-587 (NY 28)

In the 1930 renumbering, NY 28 was extended south from Colliersville to Kingston largely by way of its current alignment along the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike. North of Cooperstown, the route was realigned to follow its modern routing between Cooperstown and Mohawk, then extended into the North Country through Wevertown[11] to Warrensburg along its present alignment.[12] Between Colliersville and Cooperstown, the route remained unchanged. The small portion of NY 10A that did not become part of NY 28 in the renumbering was incorporated into NY 10.[11]

Realignments

In Oneida County, NY 28 originally broke from its modern alignment southeast of Barneveld to follow modern CR 56 into the village. At Mappa Avenue, then carrying NY 12, NY 28 turned north, overlapping NY 12 north along Mappa Avenue through the village. Outside of Barneveld, NY 12 and NY 28 were routed on Plank Road and what is now CR 82 before rejoining their modern alignment near the Remsen community of East Steuben.[13] NY 28 was rerouted slightly c. 1940 to enter Barneveld via an extension of Trenton Falls Road and Mappa Avenue.[14][15] Both NY 12 and NY 28 were realigned onto a new four-lane roadway from Barneveld to East Steuben in the 1950s.[16][17]

Interstate 587
Location: Kingston
Length: 1.21 mi[1] (1.95 km)
Existed: July 1960[18][19]–present

Within Kingston, NY 28 initially began at the intersection of Broadway and East Chester Street, which was part of US 9W at the time. From there, NY 28 followed Broadway, Albany and Clinton avenues, North Front Street, and Washington Avenue through the city to Ulster, where it joined its modern routing at what is now the roundabout leading to New York State Thruway exit 19.[20] When the initial plans for the Interstate Highway System were outlined by the Bureau of Public Roads in the 1955 Yellow Book, a highway was planned for the NY 28 corridor.[21] This highway was included as part of the 1,500-mile (2,414 km) expansion to the system in 1957. Construction began on the roadway, which became Colonel Chandler Drive, in December 1958. It was designated as I-587 and became part of a rerouted NY 28 upon its completion in July 1960.[18][19] NY 28 continued to extend eastward from Colonel Chandler Drive along Broadway to US 9W until its truncation to NY 32 in the early 1980s.[22][23] Washington Avenue, bypassed by the new limited-access highway, is now designated as NY 981K, an unsigned reference route 0.41 miles (0.66 km) in length, from Hurley Avenue to NY 28.[1]

In the vicinity of Oneonta, NY 28 originally crossed the Susquehanna River by way of Main Street. The route followed Main Street through the city to Colliersville, where it turned north onto D.K. Lifgren Drive to rejoin its modern alignment. From downtown Oneonta to Colliersville, NY 28 overlapped NY 7. NY 28 was rerouted to follow its current alignment between Main Street south of Oneonta and D.K. Lifgren Drive near Colliersville in the early 1980s following the completion of what is now NY 28 from I-88 exit 17 to D.K. Lifgren Drive.[24][25][26][27] The portion of Main Street between NY 28 and NY 7 (0.67 miles or 1.08 kilometres long) is now designated as NY 992D while D.K. Lifgren Drive (0.50 miles or 0.80 kilometres in length) is now NY 992G.[1]

Memorial designation

Four signs are mounted on a pole. From top to bottom, they are: the word "east", a NY 28N shield, a yellow-on-brown sign with an outline of Theodore Roosevelt's face and the text "Roosevelt-Marcy Trail", and a reference marker for NY 28N.
NY 28N sign with Roosevelt-Marcy Trail sign

On June 14, 2004, Governor George E. Pataki announced that a 1-mile (1.6 km) portion of the highway in the Town of Hurley in Ulster County was to be designated as the "New York State Troopers T. Michael Kelly and Kenneth A. Poorman Memorial Highway". During May 2000, troopers Kelly and Poorman were killed on this stretch of NY 28, when their police cruiser was struck by a tractor-trailer.[28]

Suffixed routes

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
UlsterCity of Kingston0.000.00 I-587 / NY 32Eastern terminus of I-587 / NY 28 overlap; eastern terminus of I-587
1.21–
1.45		1.95–
2.33		 I-87 / New York Thruway / I-587Western terminus of I-587 / NY 28 overlap; western terminus of I-587; exit 19 (I-87 / Thruway)
Ulster1.822.93 US 209Cloverleaf interchange
Town of Kingston4.316.94 NY 28AEastern terminus of NY 28A
Town of Hurley7.2211.62 NY 375Southern terminus of NY 375
Olive17.5528.24 NY 28AWestern terminus of NY 28A
Shandaken20.0632.28 NY 212Southern terminus of NY 212
23.9238.50 NY 214Southern terminus of NY 214
28.9546.59 NY 42Southern terminus of the northern segment of NY 42
DelawareMargaretville44.4071.45 NY 30 northEastern terminus of NY 28 / NY 30 overlap
47.8877.06 NY 30 southWestern terminus of NY 28 / NY 30 overlap
Village of Delhi68.28109.89 NY 10 southSouthern terminus of NY 10 / NY 28 overlap
68.56110.34 NY 10 northNorthern terminus of NY 10 / NY 28 overlap
Town of Franklin83.61134.56 NY 357Eastern terminus of NY 357
OtsegoTown of Oneonta89.21143.57 NY 23 eastSouthern terminus of NY 23 / NY 28 overlap
City of Oneonta89.39143.86 I-88 west / NY 23 westNorthern terminus of NY 23 / NY 28 overlap; southern terminus of I-88 / NY 28 overlap; exit 15 (I-88)
Town of Milford93.99151.26 I-88 eastExit 17 (I-88); northern terminus of I-88 / NY 28 overlap
95.75154.09 To NY 7 via NY 992G
Village of Milford103.47166.52 NY 166Southern terminus of NY 166
Cooperstown111.99180.23 NY 80 eastSouthern terminus of NY 28 / NY 80 overlap
Otsego117.26188.71 NY 80 west / NY 205Northern terminus of NY 28 / NY 80 overlap; northern terminus of NY 205
Richfield Springs126.36203.36 US 20 eastEastern terminus of US 20 / NY 28 overlap
126.82204.10 US 20 westWestern terminus of US 20 / NY 28 overlap
HerkimerMohawk137.29220.95 NY 168Western terminus of NY 168
138.14222.31 NY 5S westWestern terminus of NY 5S / NY 28 overlap
138.59223.04 NY 5S eastEastern terminus of NY 5S / NY 28 overlap
138.83223.43 I-90 / New York ThruwayExit 30 (I-90 / Thruway)
Village of Herkimer139.22224.05 NY 5 westWestern terminus of NY 5 / NY 28 overlap
139.91225.16 NY 5 eastEastbound terminus of NY 5 / NY 28 overlap
Middleville148.04238.25 NY 29 / NY 169Western terminus of NY 29; northern terminus of NY 169
Poland155.46250.19 NY 8 northEastern terminus of NY 8 / NY 28 overlap
OneidaDeerfield157.63253.68 NY 8 southWestern terminus of NY 8 / NY 28 overlap
Trenton163.60263.29 NY 12 southSouthern terminus of NY 12 / NY 28 overlap
Barneveld165.31266.04 NY 365
Town of Remsen175.03281.68 NY 12 northNorthern terminus of NY 12 / NY 28 overlap
HamiltonIndian Lake237.07381.53 NY 28N north / NY 30Western terminus of NY 28 / NY 30 overlap; western terminus of NY 28N
248.27399.55 NY 30 southEastern terminus of NY 28 / NY 30 overlap
WarrenChester265.23426.85 NY 28NEastern terminus of NY 28N
Johnsburg270.98436.10 NY 8
Town of Warrensburg281.69453.34 US 9
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "2008 Traffic Data Report for New York State" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. June 16, 2009. pp. 164–167, 365, 372–373. Retrieved October 13, 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 "New York's Main Highways Designated by Numbers". The New York Times. December 21, 1924. p. XX9.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Google (June 23, 2008). "overview map of NY 28" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
  4. ↑ New York State Department of Transportation (January 2017). Official Description of Highway Touring Routes, Bicycling Touring Routes, Scenic Byways, & Commemorative/Memorial Designations in New York State (PDF). Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  5. ↑ Cooperstown Digital Raster Quadrangle (Map). 1:24,000. New York State Department of Transportation. 1974. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  6. ↑ Laws of the State of New York, Vol. III. Charles R. and George Webster. 1804. p. 113.
  7. ↑ Sive, Mary (1998). Lost Village: Historic Driving Tours in the Catskills. Delaware County Historical Association.
  8. ↑ Sive, Mary Robinson (1998). Lost Villages: Historic Driving Tours in the Catskills. Delhi (village), New York: Delaware County Historical Association. p. 33. ISBN 1-892289-00-8. OCLC 39778943.
  9. ↑ New York State Map (Map). Cartography by Map Works Inc. I Love New York. 2008.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Rand McNally Auto Road Atlas (Map). Rand McNally and Company. 1926. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Dickinson, Leon A. (January 12, 1930). "New Signs for State Highways". The New York Times. p. 136.
  12. 1 2 Automobile Legal Association (ALA) Automobile Green Book, 1930–31 and 1931–32 editions, (Scarborough Motor Guide Co., Boston, 1930 and 1931). The 1930–31 edition shows New York state routes prior to the 1930 renumbering
  13. 1 2 Road Map & Historical Guide: New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Sun Oil Company. 1935.
  14. ↑ New York (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Standard Oil Company. 1939.
  15. ↑ New York (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1940.
  16. 1 2 New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Sunoco. 1952.
  17. ↑ New York and New Jersey Tourgide Map (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Gulf Oil Company. 1960.
  18. 1 2 Anderson, Steve. "Colonel Chandler Drive (I-587 and NY 28)". NYCRoads. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
  19. 1 2 Kingston West Quadrangle: New York, Ulster Co. (Map). 1 : 24,000. 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 1980. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
  20. ↑ Official Highway Map of New York State (Map) (1947–48 ed.). Cartography by General Drafting. State of New York Department of Public Works.
  21. ↑ Yellow Book map of Kingston, New York (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. 1955. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
  22. ↑ I Love New York Tourism Map (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. State of New York. 1981.
  23. ↑ New York (Map). Rand McNally and Company. 1985. ISBN 0-528-91040-X.
  24. ↑ Oneonta Quadrangle, New York (Map). 1 : 24,000. 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 1982. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
  25. ↑ West Davenport Quadrangle, New York (Map). 1 : 24,000. 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic). United States Geological Survey. 1982. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
  26. ↑ Oneonta Digital Raster Quadrangle (Map). 1:24,000. New York State Department of Transportation. 1985. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  27. ↑ West Davenport Digital Raster Quadrangle (Map). 1:24,000. New York State Department of Transportation. 1985. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  28. ↑ "Governor: Portion of State Route 28 to be named for Troopers" (Press release). New York State Division of State Police. June 14, 2004. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  29. ↑ Texaco Road Map: New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Texas Oil Company. 1932.
  30. ↑ Texaco Road Map: New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Texas Oil Company. 1933.
  31. ↑ New York (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Standard Oil Company. 1936.
  32. ↑ New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Socony-Vacuum Oil Company. 1950.
  33. ↑ New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. Mobil. 1965.
  34. ↑ New York (Map) (1969–70 ed.). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1968.
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