Nevşehir

Nevşehir
Municipality
Nevşehir
Coordinates: 38°37′35″N 34°42′50″E / 38.62639°N 34.71389°E / 38.62639; 34.71389Coordinates: 38°37′35″N 34°42′50″E / 38.62639°N 34.71389°E / 38.62639; 34.71389
Country Turkey
Province Nevşehir
Government
 • Mayor Hasan Ünver (AKP)
Area[1]
 • District 534.55 km2 (206.39 sq mi)
Elevation 1,224 m (4,016 ft)
Population (2012)[2]
 • Urban 92,068
 • District 123,976
 • District density 230/km2 (600/sq mi)
Website www.nevsehir.bel.tr

Nevşehir, formerly Muşkara, is a city and the capital district of Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. According to the 2010 census, population of the district is 117,890 of which 85,634 live in the city of Nevşehir.[3][4] The district covers an area of 535 km2 (207 sq mi),[5] and the town lies at an average elevation of 1,224 m (4,016 ft).

History

A settlement was founded on the slopes of Mount Kahveci in the valley of Kızılırmak (the ancient Halys) by the Hittites. The town along with the region came under the rule of the Assyrian Empire around the 8th century BC; it was subsequently ruled by the Medes and then by the Persians in the reign of emperor Cyrus the Great in 546 BC. In 333 BC, Alexander the Great defeated the Persians. After his death, Cappadocia came under the rule of the dynasty of Ariarathes with Mazaka (present-day Kayseri) as capital. The Cappadocian kingdom became part -as province- of the Roman empire in the reign of Emperor Tiberius. It has been held for the site of the bishopric of Nyssa (Cappadocia), but that may rather be Harmandalı, Ortaköy.

The underground shelters around Nevşehir and Göreme were originally built to escape persecution by the pagan Roman authorities. Many of the churches, hewn in the rocks, date from these early years of Christianity. Even when Theodosius I made Christianity the official religion of the empire, the caves offered protection for the local people during raids by the Sassanid Persians circa 604 AD and by the Islamic Caliphate circa 647 AD. And when Iconoclasm became state policy in the Byzantine empire, again the caves of Nevşehir became shelters for those escaping persecution.

The castle on the hill dates from the Byzantine period, when the region was on the frontline in the (holy) wars against the Islamic Caliphate.

At the Battle of Manzikert (present-day Malazgirt) in 1071 AD, the Byzantine emperor Romanos IV was defeated by the Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan. This led to the occupation of Anatolia by the Seljuks by 1074 AD and Nevşehir along with the rest of the region became part of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, then under the rule of the Karamanid dynasty in 1328 AD and finally under rule of the Ottoman empire around 1487 AD and was renamed "Muşkara". It remained a relatively insignificant settlement until the early 18th century.

The present-day city owes its foundation to the grand vizier and son-in-law of the Sultan Ahmed III, Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha who was born in Muşkara and therefore took a great interest in its construction as a city. The small village with only 18 houses, formerly under the administration of the kaza of Ürgüp, was rapidly transformed with the building of mosques (the Kurṣunlu Mosque), fountains, schools, soup kitchens, inns and bath houses, and its name was changed from Muşkara to "Nevşehir" (meaning New City in Persian and Ottoman Turkish).

Nevşehir today

The city is located at a distance of 290 km (180 mi) from the capital Ankara, and is within the historical region of Cappadocia.

The traditional main sources of income of the city -- carpet weaving and viticulture -- have been overtaken by tourism, because of its proximity to the underground shelters, the fairy chimneys, monasteries, caravanserais and the famous rock-hewn churches of Göreme.

Sports

A multiday track running ultramarathon of desert concept, called Runfire Cappadocia Ultramarathon, is held since 2012 annually in July. The race tours 244 km (152 mi) in six days through several historic places across Cappadocia reaching out to Lake Tuz.[6]

Climate

Nevşehir has a warm dry-summer continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dsb), with cold and snowy winters and warm and dry summers. Rainfall occurs mostly during late spring.

Climate data for Nevşehir (1960-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.6
(65.5)		 18.8
(65.8)		 28.0
(82.4)		 31.6
(88.9)		 32.6
(90.7)		 34.2
(93.6)		 39.5
(103.1)		 38.2
(100.8)		 35.2
(95.4)		 32.0
(89.6)		 24.6
(76.3)		 23.0
(73.4)		 39.5
(103.1)
Average high °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7)		 5.1
(41.2)		 9.9
(49.8)		 15.6
(60.1)		 20.3
(68.5)		 24.6
(76.3)		 28.3
(82.9)		 28.3
(82.9)		 24.3
(75.7)		 18.2
(64.8)		 11.4
(52.5)		 6.0
(42.8)		 16.31
(61.35)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3)		 0.6
(33.1)		 4.7
(40.5)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.5
(58.1)		 18.5
(65.3)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.3
(70.3)		 17.0
(62.6)		 11.8
(53.2)		 6.2
(43.2)		 1.9
(35.4)		 10.64
(51.16)
Average low °C (°F) −3.9
(25)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 0.3
(32.5)		 4.9
(40.8)		 8.5
(47.3)		 11.3
(52.3)		 13.2
(55.8)		 13.0
(55.4)		 9.9
(49.8)		 6.5
(43.7)		 2.2
(36)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 5.11
(41.19)
Record low °C (°F) −21.2
(−6.2)		 −23.6
(−10.5)		 −18.0
(−0.4)		 −12.5
(9.5)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 1.3
(34.3)		 3.8
(38.8)		 3.1
(37.6)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 −7.6
(18.3)		 −14.0
(6.8)		 −19.5
(−3.1)		 −23.6
(−10.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 42.2
(1.661)		 42.4
(1.669)		 45.6
(1.795)		 52.0
(2.047)		 59.2
(2.331)		 32.5
(1.28)		 8.7
(0.343)		 4.6
(0.181)		 11.9
(0.469)		 30.9
(1.217)		 36.0
(1.417)		 50.5
(1.988)		 416.5
(16.398)
Average rainy days 12.2 12.5 12.9 13.1 13.1 7.7 2.5 1.6 3.4 7.3 9.1 12.5 107.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 99.2 109.2 167.4 195 266.6 327 372 359.6 288 204.6 138 93 2,619.6
Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü

Notes

  1. ↑ "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ↑ "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. ↑ Statistical Institute
  4. ↑ GeoHive. "Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units". Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  5. ↑ Statoids. "Statistical information on districts of Turkey". Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  6. ↑ "Elite Athletes to run at The Runfire Cappadocia". Istanbul Convention & Visitors Bureau. July 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-28.

References

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