Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog

NRAS

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
3CON, 2N9C

Identifiers

Aliases

NRAS, ALPS4, CMNS, N-ras, NCMS, NRAS1, NS6, Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase

External IDs

MGI: 97376 HomoloGene: 55661 GeneCards: NRAS

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)^[1]

Band	No data available	Start	114,704,469 bp^[1]
Band	No data available	End	114,716,894 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)^[2]

Band	No data available	Start	103,058,285 bp^[2]
Band	No data available	End	103,067,914 bp^[2]

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• nucleotide binding • protein complex binding • GTP binding • GTPase activity
Cellular component	• Golgi apparatus • membrane • Golgi membrane • plasma membrane • extracellular exosome • tertiary granule membrane
Biological process	• epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway • stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway • MAPK cascade • axon guidance • Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway • Ras protein signal transduction • leukocyte migration • signal transduction • ERBB2 signaling pathway • neutrophil degranulation
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


4893


18176

Ensembl


ENSG00000213281


ENSMUSG00000027852

UniProt


P01111


P08556

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_002524


NM_010937

RefSeq (protein)


NP_002515


n/a

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1: 114.7 – 114.72 Mb

Chr 1: 103.06 – 103.07 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

NRAS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NRAS gene. It was discovered by a small team of researchers led by Robin Weiss at the Institute of Cancer Research in London.^[5]^[6] It was the third RAS gene to be discovered, and was named NRAS, for its initial identification in human neuroblastoma cells.

Function

The N-ras proto-oncogene is a member of the Ras gene family. It is mapped on chromosome 1, and it is activated in HL60, a promyelocytic leukemia line. The order of nearby genes is as follows: cen—CD2—NGFB—NRAS—tel.

The mammalian ras gene family consists of the harvey and kirsten ras genes (HRAS and KRAS), an inactive pseudogene of each (c-Hras2 and c-Kras1) and the N-ras gene. They differ significantly only in the C-terminal 40 amino acids. These ras genes have GTP/GDP binding and GTPase activity, and their normal function may be as G-like regulatory proteins involved in the normal control of cell growth.

The N-ras gene specifies two main transcripts of 2Kb and 4.3Kb. The difference between the two transcripts is a simple extension through the termination site of the 2Kb transcript. The N-ras gene consists of seven exons (-I, I, II, III, IV, V, VI). The smaller 2Kb transcript contains the VIa exon, and the larger 4.3Kb transcript contains the VIb exon which is just a longer form of the VIa exon. Both transcripts encode identical proteins as they differ only the 3' untranslated region.^[7]

Mutations

Mutations which change amino acid residues 12, 13 or 61 activate the potential of N-ras to transform cultured cells and are implicated in a variety of human tumors^[7] e.g. melanoma.

As a drug target

Binimetinib (MEK162) has had a phase III clinical trial for NRAS Q61 mutant melanoma.^[8]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213281 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027852 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ Marshall CJ, Hall A, Weiss RA (September 1982). "A transforming gene present in human sarcoma cell lines". Nature. 299 (5879): 171–3. PMID 6287287. doi:10.1038/299171a0.
↑ Shimizu K, Goldfarb M, Perucho M, Wigler M (January 1983). "Isolation and preliminary characterization of the transforming gene of a human neuroblastoma cell line". PNAS. 80 (2): 383–7. PMID 6300838. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.2.383.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: NRAS neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog".
↑ Study Comparing the Efficacy of MEK162 Versus Dacarbazine in Unresectable or Metastatic NRAS Mutation-positive Melanoma

External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Noonan syndrome

PDB gallery

121p: STRUKTUR UND GUANOSINTRIPHOSPHAT-HYDROLYSEMECHANISMUS DES C-TERMINAL VERKUERZTEN MENSCHLICHEN KREBSPROTEINS P21-H-RAS

1aa9: HUMAN C-HA-RAS(1-171)(DOT)GDP, NMR, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE

1agp: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF A TRANSFORMING AND A NONTRANSFORMING GLY-12 MUTANT OF P21-H-RAS

1bkd: COMPLEX OF HUMAN H-RAS WITH HUMAN SOS-1

1clu: H-RAS COMPLEXED WITH DIAMINOBENZOPHENONE-BETA,GAMMA-IMIDO-GTP

1crp: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF RAS P21. GDP DETERMINED BY HETERONUCLEAR THREE AND FOUR DIMENSIONAL NMR SPECTROSCOPY

1crq: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF RAS P21. GDP DETERMINED BY HETERONUCLEAR THREE AND FOUR DIMENSIONAL NMR SPECTROSCOPY

1crr: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF RAS P21. GDP DETERMINED BY HETERONUCLEAR THREE AND FOUR DIMENSIONAL NMR SPECTROSCOPY

1ctq: STRUCTURE OF P21RAS IN COMPLEX WITH GPPNHP AT 100 K

1gnp: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF THE ONCOGENE PRODUCT P21H-RAS COMPLEXED WITH CAGED GTP AND MANT DGPPNHP

1gnq: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF THE ONCOGENE PRODUCT P21H-RAS COMPLEXED WITH CAGED GTP AND MANT DGPPNHP

1gnr: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF THE ONCOGENE PRODUCT P21H-RAS COMPLEXED WITH CAGED GTP AND MANT DGPPNHP

1he8: RAS G12V - PI 3-KINASE GAMMA COMPLEX

1iaq: C-H-RAS P21 PROTEIN MUTANT WITH THR 35 REPLACED BY SER (T35S) COMPLEXED WITH GUANOSINE-5'-[B,G-IMIDO] TRIPHOSPHATE

1ioz: Crystal Structure of the C-HA-RAS Protein Prepared by the Cell-Free Synthesis

1jah: H-RAS P21 PROTEIN MUTANT G12P, COMPLEXED WITH GUANOSINE-5'-[BETA,GAMMA-METHYLENE] TRIPHOSPHATE AND MAGNESIUM

1jai: H-RAS P21 PROTEIN MUTANT G12P, COMPLEXED WITH GUANOSINE-5'-[BETA,GAMMA-METHYLENE] TRIPHOSPHATE AND MANGANESE

1k8r: Crystal structure of Ras-Bry2RBD complex

1lf0: Crystal Structure of RasA59G in the GTP-bound form

1lf5: Crystal Structure of RasA59G in the GDP-bound Form

1lfd: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVE RAS PROTEIN COMPLEXED WITH THE RAS-INTERACTING DOMAIN OF RALGDS

1nvu: Structural evidence for feedback activation by RasGTP of the Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor SOS

1nvv: Structural evidence for feedback activation by RasGTP of the Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor SOS

1nvw: Structural evidence for feedback activation by RasGTP of the Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor SOS

1nvx: Structural evidence for feedback activation by RasGTP of the Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor SOS

1p2s: H-Ras 166 in 50% 2,2,2 triflouroethanol

1p2t: H-Ras 166 in Aqueous mother liquor, RT

1p2u: H-Ras in 50% isopropanol

1p2v: H-RAS 166 in 60 % 1,6 hexanediol

1plj: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON P21H-RAS USING SYNCHROTRON LAUE METHOD: IMPROVEMENT OF CRYSTAL QUALITY AND MONITORING OF THE GTPASE REACTION AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS

1plk: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON P21H-RAS USING SYNCHROTRON LAUE METHOD: IMPROVEMENT OF CRYSTAL QUALITY AND MONITORING OF THE GTPASE REACTION AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS

1pll: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON P21H-RAS USING SYNCHROTRON LAUE METHOD: IMPROVEMENT OF CRYSTAL QUALITY AND MONITORING OF THE GTPASE REACTION AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS

1q21: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AT 2.2 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION OF THE CATALYTIC DOMAINS OF NORMAL RAS PROTEIN AND AN ONCOGENIC MUTANT COMPLEXED WITH GSP

1qra: STRUCTURE OF P21RAS IN COMPLEX WITH GTP AT 100 K

1rvd: H-RAS COMPLEXED WITH DIAMINOBENZOPHENONE-BETA,GAMMA-IMIDO-GTP

1wq1: RAS-RASGAP COMPLEX

1xcm: Crystal structure of the GppNHp-bound H-Ras G60A mutant

1xd2: Crystal Structure of a ternary Ras:SOS:Ras*GDP complex

1xj0: Crystal Structure of the GDP-bound form of the RasG60A mutant

1zvq: Structure of the Q61G mutant of Ras in the GDP-bound form

1zw6: Crystal Structure of the GTP-bound form of RasQ61G

221p: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF H-RAS P21 MUTANTS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THEIR INABILITY TO FUNCTION AS SIGNAL SWITCH MOLECULES

2c5l: STRUCTURE OF PLC EPSILON RAS ASSOCIATION DOMAIN WITH HRAS

2ce2: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF A FLUORESCENT FORM OF H-RAS P21 IN COMPLEX WITH GDP

2cl0: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF A FLUORESCENT FORM OF H-RAS P21 IN COMPLEX WITH GPPNHP

2cl6: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF A FLUORESCENT FORM OF H-RAS P21 IN COMPLEX WITH S-CAGED GTP

2cl7: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF A FLUORESCENT FORM OF H-RAS P21 IN COMPLEX WITH GTP

2clc: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF A FLUORESCENT FORM OF H-RAS P21 IN COMPLEX WITH GTP (2)

2cld: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF A FLUORESCENT FORM OF H-RAS P21 IN COMPLEX WITH GDP (2)

2evw: Crystal structure analysis of a fluorescent form of H-Ras p21 in complex with R-caged GTP

421p: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF H-RAS P21 MUTANTS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THEIR INABILITY TO FUNCTION AS SIGNAL SWITCH MOLECULES

521p: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF H-RAS P21 MUTANTS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THEIR INABILITY TO FUNCTION AS SIGNAL SWITCH MOLECULES

5p21: REFINED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TRIPHOSPHATE CONFORMATION OF H-RAS P21 AT 1.35 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MECHANISM OF GTP HYDROLYSIS

621p: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF H-RAS P21 MUTANTS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THEIR INABILITY TO FUNCTION AS SIGNAL SWITCH MOLECULES

6q21: MOLECULAR SWITCH FOR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACTIVE AND INACTIVE FORMS OF PROTOONCOGENIC RAS PROTEINS

721p: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF H-RAS P21 MUTANTS: MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THEIR INABILITY TO FUNCTION AS SIGNAL SWITCH MOLECULES

821p: THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF A TRANSFORMING AND A NONTRANSFORMING GLYCINE-12 MUTANT OF P21H-RAS

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.6.3-4: ATPase

3.6.3

Cu++ (3.6.3.4)	Menkes/ATP7A Wilson/ATP7B
Ca+ (3.6.3.8)	SERCA ATP2A1 ATP2A2 ATP2A3 Plasma membrane ATP2B1 ATP2B2 ATP2B3 ATP2B4 SPCA ATP2C1 ATP2C2
Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)	ATP1A1 ATP1A2 ATP1A3 ATP1A4 ATP1B1 ATP1B2 ATP1B3 ATP1B4
H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)	ATP4A
Other P-type ATPase	ATP8B1 ATP10A ATP11B ATP12A ATP13A2 ATP13A3

3.6.4

3.6.5: GTPase

3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	G_αs G_αi GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 G_αq/11 GNAQ GNA11 G_α12/13 GNA12 GNA13 Transducin GNAT1 GNAT2 Gustducin GNAT3
3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 CDC42 TC10 TCL RhoUV RhoU RhoV Rac Rac1 2 3 RhoG RhoBTB 1 2 RhoH Rho A B C Rnd 1 2 3 RhoDF RhoF RhoD other: Ras HRAS KRAS NRAS Rab RAB23 RAB27 Arf ARF6 SAR1B ARL13B ARL6 Ran Rheb Rap RGK
3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase	Prokaryotic IF-2 EF-Tu EF-G Eukaryotic
3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors	Dynamin Tubulin

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