Nenagh

Nenagh
An tAonach / Aonach Urmhumhan
Town

Pearse Street, Nenagh
Nenagh

Location in Ireland

Coordinates: 52°51′48″N 8°11′58″W / 52.8632°N 8.1995°W / 52.8632; -8.1995Coordinates: 52°51′48″N 8°11′58″W / 52.8632°N 8.1995°W / 52.8632; -8.1995
Country Ireland
Province Munster
County County Tipperary
Elevation 72 m (236 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Urban 7,995
 • Rural 1,877
Irish Grid Reference R865787
Website www.nenagh.ie

Nenagh (/niːˈnɑː/ or /ˈniːnə/, locally /ˈneɪnə/; Irish: Aonach Urmhumhan or simply An tAonach, meaning “The Fair of Ormond”)[1] is the county town and second largest town in County Tipperary in Ireland. It is a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower. It is also an Ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe.[2]

Nenagh used to be a market town, and its name in Irish means "The Fair of Ormond" – a reference to the Ormond (East Munster) Fair, of which it was the site. Nenagh is today a busy commercial town and is governed by Nenagh Town council.[3]

Location and access

Nenagh, the largest town in northern County Tipperary, lies to the west of the Nenagh River, which empties into Lough Derg at Dromineer, 9 km to the north-west, a popular centre for sailing and other water sports.[4] The Silvermine Mountain range lies to the south of the town, with the highest peak being Keeper Hill (Irish: Sliabh Coimeálta) at 694 m.[5] The Silvermines have been intermittently mined for silver and base metals for over seven hundred years. Traces of 19th century mine workings remain.[6]

Nenagh, Ireland
Climate chart (explanation)
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Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
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Features and attraction

The town's historic attractions include Nenagh Castle, the Heritage Centre and the ruined Franciscan abbey. It has a mild climate, with the average daily maximum in July of 19 °C and the average daily minimum in January of 3 °C.

History

Nenagh is located in the Barony of Ormond Lower which was the traditional territory of the O'Kennedys prior to the Norman invasion of Ireland. This land was included in the grant made by King John of England to Theobald, the eldest son of Hervey Walter of Lancashire, England. Theobald was subsequently appointed "Chief Butler of Ireland".[7]

Surviving east gable of the Priory and Hospital of St. John the Baptist at Tyone of the Fratres Cruciferi
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18216,335—    
18318,466+33.6%
18418,618+1.8%
18516,818−20.9%
18616,204−9.0%
18715,696−8.2%
18815,422−4.8%
18914,722−12.9%
19014,704−0.4%
19114,776+1.5%
19264,524−5.3%
19364,902+8.4%
19464,516−7.9%
19514,420−2.1%
19564,568+3.3%
19614,317−5.5%
19664,609+6.8%
19715,174+12.3%
19815,871+13.5%
19865,777−1.6%
19915,825+0.8%
19965,913+1.5%
20026,054+2.4%
20067,751+28.0%
20117,995+3.1%
20168,968+12.2%
[8]

Nenagh Castle was built c. 1216 and was the main castle of the Butler family before they moved to Gowran, County Kilkenny in the 14th century. The family later purchased Kilkenny Castle which was to be the main seat of their power for the next 500 years.[7] The town was one of the ancient manors of the Butlers who received the grant of a fair from Henry VIII of England. They also founded the medieval priory and hospital of St John the Baptist, just outside the town at Tyone. A small settlement grew up around the castle, but it never seems to have been of any great importance other than as a local market throughout the medieval period.[9] An important Franciscan friary was founded in the town in 1252 in the reign of Henry III of England which became the head of the Irish custody of West Ireland and was one of the richest religious houses in Ireland.[7] The Abbey was in use for six hundred years; Fr. Patrick Harty, who died in 1817, was its last inhabitant.

The Butlers who descended from the 1st Baronlater became Earls of Ormond. Nenagh remained their principal seat until 1391 when it was moved to Kilkenny Castle.

In the rebellion of 1641 Neagh Castle was garrisoned by Sir George Hamilton for the twelfth Earl (later the twelfth Duke). It was taken by Phelim O'Neill in 1648 during Owen Roe's journey south via the silvermines but was re-taken by Inchiquin in the same year and Sir George was back again as governor to face Ireton and Abbott in 1650. After a short siege he surrendered on articles and was allowed to march out— not being hung out of the top window as asserted by many writers following an error apparently first made by a writer in the "Dublin Penny Journal" in 1833. Colonel Daniel Abbott then became governor for the Cromwellians and withstood attacks on the Castle both by Colonel Grace from Birr and a Captain Loghlen O'Meara of a local family who defeated his forces in an engagement close by and forced them to take shelter in the Castle. After the Restoration, Sir William Flower came along in 1660 on behalf of the Marchioness of Ormond who had the ownership of the Manor on her marriage settlements.
— Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1925).[10]

The last Marquess (James Butler) died in 1997. Without a male heir the marquessate became extinct, while the earldom is dormant.[11]

East gable with lancet windows of the Franciscan Friary

The town seems to have been refounded in the 16th century. In 1550 the town and friary were burned by O'Carroll. In 1641 the town was captured by Red Owen O'Neill, but shortly afterwards it was recaptured by Lord Inchiquin. It surrendered to Henry Ireton in 1651 during the Cromwellian period and was burned by Patrick Sarsfield in 1688 during the Williamite Wars. Apart from the Castle and Friary most of the town's buildings date from the mid-18th century onwards when its sale out of Butler ownership led to the large-scale grant of leases and the subsequent growth of industries and buildings. The town's growth and development was accelerated in 1838 when the geographical county of Tipperary was divided into two ridings and Nenagh became the administrative capital of the North Riding.[7] In this period Daniel O'Connell held one of his Monster meetings for Repeal of the Act of Union at Grange outside of Nenagh.

In the 19th century, Nenagh was primarily a market town providing services to the agricultural hinterland. Industries included brewing, corn processing, coach building and iron works with the addition of cottage industries such as tailoring, dressmaking, millinery, shoemaking, carpentry, wood-turning, wheelwrighting, harnessmaking, printing, and monumental sculpting. The Nenagh Co-operative Creamery was established in 1914 providing employment in milk processing and butter-making.[7]

Politics and governance

The town is part of the nine member municipal district of Nenagh for elections to Tipperary County Council and is part of the Tipperary constituency.

Economy

Nenagh is home to Abbey Machinery, makers of farm equipment, Carey Glass International and Procter & Gamble.

Major buildings

Nenagh Castle

Nenagh Castle

This fine Norman Keep was built c1200 by Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler and completed by his son Theobald le Botiller c1220.[11] The circular keep is over thirty metres high, and has a base of sixteen metres and is one of the finest of its kind in Ireland.[11] The crown of mock crenellations and ring of clerestory windows were added at the instigation of Bishop Michael Flannery in 1861. The intention was that the keep would become the Bell tower of a Pugin-designed cathedral which was never built.[11] Though not true to historic character these additions have ensured the iconic status of the keep which ensures that it features on the logos of many local clubs and businesses including Nenagh Town Council.[3] The Castle and grounds were extensive renovated between 2009 and 2013. This project is aimed to position the castle as the main tourist attraction in the area. It is now open to the public.[12][13]

Other historic buildings

Nenagh Courthouse

The old jail, with its beautiful octagonal governor's residence, is now an historic monument. Only one jail block remains intact. The Governor's Residence and jail gatehouse house Nenagh & District Heritage Centre.

Nenagh Courthouse was built in 1843 to the design of architect John B. Keane.[7] The design was similar to his previous courthouse in Tullamore which in turn followed William Morrison's designs for Carlow and Tralee.[7] The courthouse has been refurbished following the moving of the county council offices to the new Civic Offices. The grounds of the refurbished courthouse nearby have become the site of bronze sculptures of three Olympic gold medallists with Nenagh links.

Nenagh Arts Centre (formerly the Town Hall) in Banba Square

Nenagh Arts Centre (formerly the Town Hall) is a distinctive building built in 1895. It was refurbished and now features a theatre and multi-purpose exhibition space.[14] Until 2005 it housed the offices of Nenagh Town Council and up until the 1980s Nenagh Public library. The building was designed by the then Town Engineer Robert Gill (grandfather of Tomás Mac Giolla)[7]

Religious buildings

St Mary's of the Rosary Catholic Church is a neo-gothic church and was built in 1895 to a design by architect Walter G Doolin.[15] It was constructed by John Sisk using Lahorna stone and Portroe slate with the Portland stone of the arches being the only imported material.[15]

The adjacent St Marys Church of Ireland Church was built in 1862 to a design by the architect Joseph Welland (1798–1860)[7] and features a stained glass window from the studio of Harry Clarke.[16] The building is striking in its simplicity in contrast to its larger and more ornate neighbour.

The town also contains the ruins of a Franciscan Friary, where the Annals of Nenagh were written and the medieval Priory of St John on the outskirts of the town at Tyone.

Modern buildings

The New Civic Offices on the Limerick Road house Tipperary County Council offices. Designed by Ahrends, Burton and Koralek, they have won international recognition for their striking modern design.[17]

The Mid-Western Regional Hospital, known locally as St. Joseph's Hospital, located on the Thurles Road (c1940). It is the only general hospital in north Tipperary. Built in the International Style of mostly flat roof and rendered walls. Retro-fitted with uPVC windows at a later date. Adjoining mortuary church with notable mosaics and stained glass.[18]

The mixed residential scheme known as 'Stafford Hall' Silver Street Nenagh was selected for exhibition in the R.I.A.I Architectural Awards in 2004.

Transport

Nenagh is situated on the R445 Regional Road, which links it to the M7. The M7 by-passes the town to the south and provides high quality access to the cities of Limerick and Dublin. The N52 National Secondary Route to Birr (and through the Midlands to Dundalk) starts/terminates south of Nenagh, at a junction with the M7. This route also bypasses Nenagh to the north and connects with the M7 to the west of the town towards Limerick.

Bus

Nenagh is connected to other main towns and cities by bus services. The main carriers are JJ Kavanagh and Sons, Bus Éireann and Bernard Kavanagh & Sons.[19][20][21] Both JJ Kavanagh and Sons and Bus Éireann now offer services 24 hours a day to Dublin and Limerick with JJ Kavanagh buses offering direct services to both Dublin and Shannon airports.[22] The town centre bus stops are located at Banba Square. Nenagh railway station is also served infrequently by a small number of journeys on Bus Éireann route 323.[23]

Rail

Nenagh railway station is on the Limerick to Ballybrophy line. Passengers can connect at Ballybrophy halt to trains heading northeast to Dublin or southwest to Cork or Tralee. The station opened on 5 October 1863.[24]

The railway line is lightly used. Lack of upkeep means that the line is restricted to a maximum speed of 64 km/h and the existing trains are poorly timetabled for commuters. A committee (the Nenagh Rail Steering Committee) working in conjunction with Irish Railway News, had a meeting with the national railway company Iarnród Éireann (IÉ) on 1 September 2005 to present the results of a traffic study funded by Nenagh Town Council and North Tipperary County Council, and to seek a morning and evening service between Nenagh and Limerick which would increase commuter traffic. IÉ agreed to delay an afternoon service from the December 2005 timetable and to work towards an early service when equipment permitted from 2007. A January 2012 national newspaper article suggested that Irish Rail was expected to seek permission from the National Transport Authority to close the line.[25] An enhanced timetable was in force during 2012 on a trial basis however the service was reduced again from February 2013.[26]

While the twice-a-day service on the Ballybrophy/Limerick line is poor, Nenagh is only 37 km from Thurles, which is on the main Dublin/Cork line, and which has around 18 trains daily in each direction, including non-stop services to and from Dublin. However, there are only two buses each weekday from Nenagh to Thurles (and vice versa) so this option is generally only practical for motorists.[27]

The station is very likely to close down in 2018 with the closure of the Limerick to Ballybrophy line as the demand for the service is very low and the line is unviable. The rail service will be replaced with a bus service[28]

Sport

Gaelic Athletic Association

Éire Óg Nenagh is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club and has had a deal of success in County Championships in both football and hurling, last winning the County Championship in 1995. The club has been strongly represented on All-Ireland winning Tipperary hurling teams with players such as Mick Burns, Michael Cleary, John Heffernan and Conor O'Donovan

Rugby

After years of being one of the stronger junior Rugby clubs in Munster winning many trophies in the late nineties and early part of the new century Rugby Union club Nenagh Ormond RFC became the first Tipperary club to gain senior status by being promoted to the third division of the Rugby AIB League in 2005. Since going senior the club has competed admirably in the AIL. The club has produced three full Irish International players: Tony Courtney in the 1920s and more recently Trevor Hogan and Donnacha Ryan.[29]

Soccer

Home to Nenagh A.F.C.(1951) and Nenagh Celtic F.C.(1981). Nenagh A.F.C.'s home grounds are Brickfields and Islandbawn. Nenagh Celtic's home ground is the VEC grounds. Nenagh Celtic over the last decade have dominated the north Tipperary soccer scene, winning numerous titles.

Athletics

Statue of Olympic gold medalists Hayes, McGrath and Tisdall in Nenagh, Co Tipperary, Ireland

The local athletic club Nenagh Olympic were named after three men (Johnny Hayes, Matt McGrath and Bob Tisdall) with Nenagh connections who won Olympic Gold Medals and the badge of the club is three interlocking Olympic Rings in green, white and orange. A statue of the three has been erected in Banba Square in the grounds of the Courthouse. The club has produced many fine athletes including recently Gary Ryan who also represented Ireland at the Olympics.[30] The club also possesses Ireland's first and to date only international standard indoor athletics track at Tyone. Many championships are held there including Munster championships and all Ireland championships.[31][32]

Golf

Nenagh Golf Club located at Beechwood on the "Old Birr Road" was affiliated to the Golfing Union of Ireland in 1929. The original 9-hole course was designed by Alister McKenzie, who along with Bobby Jones designed the legendary Augusta National. The course was expanded to 18 holes by Eddie Hackett in 1973. The course was expanded to 150 acres (0.61 km2) during the 1980s and 1990s and redevelopment to a new design by Patrick Merrigan was completed in 2001.[33]

Other sports

Twin town

Tonnerre in the Yonne département, France[41]

Notable people

See also

References

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nenagh". Encyclopædia Britannica. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 371. [42]

  1. ↑ http://www.logainm.ie/1165378.aspx
  2. ↑ Parishes of Killaloe Diocese.
  3. 1 2 "Nenagh Town Council – Homepage". Nenaghtc.ie. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
  4. ↑ "Nenagh Places to Visit". Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  5. ↑ "Keeper Hill". Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  6. ↑ "Silvermines". Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Murphy, Nancy (1994). Walkabout Nenagh. Relay Books. ISBN 0-946327-12-2.
  8. ↑ http://www.cso.ie/census and www.histpop.org. Post 1991 figures include environs of Nenagh. For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see JJ Lee "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses" in Irish Population, Economy and Society edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54, and also "New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850" by Joel Mokyr and Cormac Ó Gráda in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov. 1984), pp. 473–488.
  9. ↑ Brian Hodkinson, In search of Medieval Nenagh, North Munster Antiquarian Journal, Vol. 46, 2006, pp. 31–41
  10. ↑ Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1925). "The castle and manor of Nenach". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. The Society: 257.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Murphy, Nancy (1993). Nenagh Castle: Chronology and Architecture. Relay Books. ISBN 0-946327-10-6.
  12. ↑ http://www.heritageireland.ie/en/nenaghcastle/
  13. ↑ http://www.nenagh.ie/places-of-interest/details/nenagh-castle
  14. ↑ Nenagh Guardian, Saturday 25 September 2010 page 11
  15. 1 2 Cotter, Rev. Pat (1990). St. Mary's of the Rosary, Nenagh, 1896–1990.
  16. ↑ http://www.buildingsofireland.ie
  17. ↑ ABK
  18. ↑ http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=TN&regno=22305109
  19. ↑ http://www.jjkavanagh.ie/en/timetables/scheduled-services
  20. ↑ http://www.buseireann.ie
  21. ↑ http://www.bkavcoaches.com/html/timetable.html
  22. ↑ http://www.jjkavanagh.ie/timetables
  23. ↑ http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1319729592-323.pdf
  24. ↑ "Nenagh station" (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  25. ↑ http://www.examiner.ie/ireland/iarnrod-eireann-may-close-rail-service-amid-falling-demand-178779.html
  26. ↑ http://www.irishrail.ie
  27. ↑ http://shamrockbuses.com/Templemore_Thurles_Nenagh.htm
  28. ↑ https://www.nationaltransport.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/151116_2016_Rail_Review_Report_Complete_Online.pdf
  29. ↑ "Nenagh Ormond History". Retrieved 19 February 2009.
  30. ↑ "Olympics at Sports-Reference.com". Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
  31. ↑ Athletics Ireland
  32. ↑ Nenagh Olympic Stadium
  33. ↑ "Nenagh Golf Club". nenaghgolfclub.com. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
  34. ↑ http://www.everytrail.com/guide/north-tipperary-cycle-routes-loop-1-nenagh-to-terryglass
  35. ↑ http://www.everytrail.com/guide/north-tipperary-cycle-routes-loop-2-nenagh-to-garrykennedy
  36. ↑ http://www.everytrail.com/guide/north-tipperary-cycle-routes-loop-3-nenagh-to-cloughjordan-and-borrisokane
  37. ↑ http://www.tipperary.com/im_visiting/nenagh_cycle_hub/
  38. ↑ "Nenagh Triathlon Club | Triathlon Ireland". Nenaghtriathlon.com. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
  39. ↑ "Nenagh And District Darts". nenaghdarts.blogspot.ie/. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  40. ↑ "Nenagh Cricket Club". nenaghcricketclub.ie/. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  41. ↑ http://www.nenaghguardian.ie/news-detail.php?article=EBBTSI
  42. ↑ Grace, D. (2000). The Famine in Nenagh Poor Law Union. Nenagh: Relay.
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