National Royalist Movement

National Royalist Movement Mouvement National Royaliste Nationale Koningsgezinde Beweging
Participant in the Belgian Resistance (World War II)
Insignia of the MNR, based on the monogram of Leopold III
Active	1940-1944
Ideology	Royalism Belgian nationalism Authoritarianism
Leaders	Eugène Mertens de Wilmars (1940-42) Ernest Graff
Area of operations	Brussels and Flanders
Size	8,527 (total)

The National Royalist Movement (French: Mouvement national royaliste or MNR, Dutch: Nationale Koningsgezinde Beweging, NKB) was a group within the Belgian Resistance in German-occupied Belgium during World War II. It was active chiefly in Brussels and Flanders and was the most politically right-wing of the major Belgian resistance groups.^[1]

Background

The MNR was founded in German-occupied Belgium soon after the Belgian defeat of May 1940 by former members of the far-right Catholic, authoritarian Rexist Party. As an organisation, it had a strongly nationalist stance and was led by Eugène Mertens de Wilmars, a former admirer of the fascist, Leon Degrelle. The MNR wanted Belgium to become an authoritarian dictatorship under the rule of King Leopold III.^[1]

Memorial plaque on the Rue de la Régence, Brussels commemorating five MNR members killed during the liberation of the city

In July 1941, the German occupation authorities became suspicious of the MNR and its was forced into hiding.^[1] After the arrest of Mertens de Wilmars in May 1942, it became overtly anti-German and began to engage in resistance activities.^[2] The MNR produced underground newspapers (including the Dutch language newspaper Vrije Volk) and collected military intelligence. It also provided help to Jews hiding from German persecution, Allied pilots shot-down in occupied Europe and Belgian workers avoiding labour service in Germany.^[1]

In collaboration with the Secret Army and the Witte Brigade, the MNR participated in capture of the Port of Antwerp shortly before the Allied liberation in September 1944.^[2] The operation prevented the Germans from destroying the installations and provided the Allies with access to their first intact deep-sea port.

160 members of the MNR were executed or died in Nazi camps. Around 100 were killed in action during the liberation of the Port of Antwerp in September 1944.^[2] A monument to five members of the group killed during the liberation of Brussels is visible next to the Royal Museums of Fine Arts.^[3]

References

1 2 3 4 Dujardin & Van den Wijngaert 2010, p. 74.
1 2 3 dossier pédagogique: Le fort de Breendonk: le camp de la terreur nazie en Belgique pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, éd. Lannoo (2006) 63 pages
↑ "Monument: National Royalists Monument". Brussels Remembers.

Bibliography

Dujardin, Vincent; Van den Wijngaert, Mark (2010). La Belgique sans Roi, 1940-1950. Nouvelle Histoire de Belgique. Brussels: Le Cri édition. ISBN 978-2-8710-6520-3.

Belgian resistance groups in World War II
Resistance groups	Secret Army¹ Independence Front Patriotic Militia Armed Partisans Belgian National Movement Groupe G National Royalist Movement Army of Liberation OMBR White Brigade Committee for the Defense of Jews Austrian Freedom Front Service D The Unchained Disobedience Legion of Campine
Underground press	La Libre Belgique Faux Soir De Vrijschutter La Voix des Belges Het Vrije Woord
Escape lines	"Comet" Line
Intelligence networks	"Luc" (later "Marc") "Zéro"
¹ Formerly: the Belgian Legion, Reconstructed Belgian Army, and Army of Belgium

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