National parks of Austria
Austria has seven protected areas known as national parks, six of them internationally accepted according to the IUCN standard. The first national park, Hohe Tauern, was established in 1981. Today the national parks of Austria have a combined area of 2,376 km², which is 2.8% of the country's total area.[1] They include each of Austria's most important natural landscape types — alluvial forest, Alpine massif, Pannonian steppe and rocky valleys.[2]
Development
First plans for the protection of the Hohe Tauern mountain range were evolved by Austrian Alpine Club, which in 1915-18 acquired large mountainous areas. However, the national park project was abandoned in the late 1930s and not resumed until 1971, when the federal states of Salzburg, Tyrol and Carinthia signed the Heiligenblut Agreement, followed by similar initiatives in Lower and Upper Austria.
The establishment of each national park took several years; as conflicts of use and the question of funding had to be resolved. The parks are managed by contracts between one or more of the federal states and the Federal Government,[2] with the financing shared equally between the Austrian government and the respective province.[1] The national park administrations offer more than 300 green jobs. The park centres provide the public with educational services on ecology and environmental protection, information and leisure activities.[2] With about 400,000 visitors a year, they play an important role in Austrian tourism.
National Parks
Of the seven national parks, four are protecting Austrian Alpine regions and three are covering waters. The largest park by far is Hohe Tauern; at 1,856 square kilometres (459,000 acres), it is also the largest national park in Central Europe. The Neusiedler See–Seewinkel and Thayatal national parks stretch across the border with Hungary and the Czech Republic respectively.
| Name | Photo | Location | Date established | Area | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hohe Tauern |  |
Salzburg, Tyrol, Carinthia 47°04′00″N 12°40′00″E / 47.066667°N 12.666667°E |
1981 (Carinthia) 1984 (Salzburg) 1992 (Tyrol) |
1,856 square kilometres (458,627.6 acres) | Covering large parts of the East Alpine crest between the sources of the Möll, Mur and Salzach rivers, stretching about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from east to west and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from north to south. The park features extended glacier fields, glacial valleys and large alluvial fans, as well as Alpine pastures and extensive larch, spruce and pine forests. |
| Nock Mountains |  |
Carinthia 46°53′00″N 13°40′00″E / 46.883333°N 13.666667°E |
1987 | 184 square kilometres (45,467.4 acres) | Covering the Nock Mountains range of the Gurktal Alps. |
| Neusiedler See–Seewinkel |  |
Burgenland 47°49′04″N 16°44′55″E / 47.817778°N 16.748611°E |
1993 | 97 square kilometres (23,969.2 acres) | Covering Lake Neusiedl, its shoreline and lakeside locations. Together with the adjacent Hungarian Fertő-Hanság National Park it forms the Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2001. |
| Danube-Auen |  |
Lower Austria, Vienna 48°11′00″N 16°43′00″E / 48.183333°N 16.716667°E |
1996 | 93 square kilometres (22,980.8 acres) | Stretching along the Danube from the City of Vienna (Lobau) to the mouth of the March (Morava) river near the border with Slovakia and the Dunajské luhy Protected Landscape Area; both are wetlands of international importance according to the Ramsar Convention. With a length of 38 kilometres (24 mi), the national park covers one of the largest untouched floodplains in Central Europe, accessible by the EuroVelo 6 long-distance cycling route. |
| Kalkalpen |  |
Upper Austria 47°47′24″N 14°22′25″E / 47.79°N 14.373611°E |
1997 | 208 square kilometres (51,397.9 acres) | Covering the Sengsengebirge and Reichraminger Hintergebirge ranges of the Upper Austrian Prealps. |
| Thayatal |  |
Lower Austria 48°51′N 15°54′E / 48.85°N 15.9°E |
2000 | 13 square kilometres (3,212.4 acres) | Centered around a meander cutoff of the Thaya river, on the border with the Czech Republic and the adjacent Podyjí National Park. The steep gneiss slopes along the river form one of Austria's most picturesque water gaps. |
| Gesäuse |  |
Styria 47°35′32″N 14°38′56″E / 47.592222°N 14.648889°E |
2002 | 111 square kilometres (27,428.7 acres) | Covering the Gesäuse range of the northeastern Ennstal Alps in Upper Styria with the water gap of the Enns river. |
All of Austria's national parks meet IUCN Category II standards, with the exception of the Nock Mountains National Park, which had been classified as a Protected Landscape (Category V). In 2012, it was converted into the core zone of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
See also
References
- 1 2 Nationalparks Austria. "Welcome to Austria’s National Parks" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-05-21.
- 1 2 3 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2004-01-01). Oecd Environmental Performance Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN 92-64-01888-3.
External links
- (in German) Nationalparks Austria Official site.