Nasrid dynasty

The Nasrid dynasty (Arabic: بنو نصر‎‎ banū Naṣr) was the last Arab Muslim dynasty in Iberia, ruling the Emirate of Granada from 1230 until 1492.[1] The Nasrid dynasty rose to power after the defeat of the Almohad Caliphate in 1212 at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. Twenty-three emirs ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1230 by Mohammed I ibn Nasr until January 2, 1492, when Muhammad XII surrendered to the Christian Spanish kingdoms of Aragon and Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrids is the Alhambra palace complex built under their rule.

Coat of Arms of the Emirate of Granada on a wall in the Alhambra, Nasrid dynasty (1013-1492)

Lineage

The Nasrid dynasty was descended from the Banu'l-Ahmar tribe,[1] and claimed direct male-line descent from Sa'd ibn Ubadah the chief of the Banu Khazraj tribe and one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The nasab of Yusuf (nicknamed "al-Ahmar", meaning "the Red").[2]

Conflicts of succession and civil war

During the time the Christians were launching a campaign against the Emirate of Granada that would effectively end the Nasrid dynasty, the Nasrids were engaged in a civil war over the throne of Granada. When Abu l-Hasan Ali the reigning emir was ousted by his son Muhammad XII. Abu l-Hasan Ali retreated to Málaga and civil war broke out between the competing factions. Christians took full advantage of this and continued capturing Muslim strongholds. Muhammed XII was caught by Christian forces in 1483 at Lucena. He was freed after he swore an oath of allegiance to Ferdinand and Isabella. Abu l-Hasan Ali finally abdicated in favor of his brother Al-Zaghal (the valiant) and a power struggle with Abu 'Abd Allah (Muhammad XII) continued. Al-Zaghal prevailed in the inner struggle but was forced to surrender to the Christians. Abu 'Abd Allah (Muhammad XII) was given a lordship in the Alpujarras mountains but instead took financial compensation from the Spanish crown to leave the Iberian Peninsula.[3]

Legacy

The Nasrid dynasty was the longest ruling Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula. Reigning for more than 250 years from the establishment of the Emirate of Granada in 1230, to its annexation by the 'Catholic Monarchs' in 1492. The Nasrids constructed the Alhambra palace in Granada.

Family tree

The family tree below shows the genealogical relationship between each sultan of the Nasrid dynasty.[4] It starts with their common ancestor, Yusuf al-Ahmar. Daughters are omitted, as are sons whose descendants never reigned. During times of rival claims to the throne, the family tree generally recognizes the sultan who controlled the city of Granada itself and the Alhambra palace.

List of Nasrid sultans of Granada

Monarchs of
the Iberian
Peninsula
al-Andalus (taifas)
Aragon
Family tree
Asturias
Family tree
Castile
Family tree
Catalonia
Galicia
Granada
León
Family tree
Majorca
Navarre
Family tree
Portugal
Family tree
Spain
Medieval · Modern
Family tree
Suebi
Valencia
Viguera
Visigoths
Family tree

First dynasty (al-dawla al-ghalibiyya):[5]

Second dynasty (al-dawla al-isma'iliyya al-nasriyya):[5]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Miranda 1970, p. 429.
  2. ↑ Fierro, Maribel. Ways of Connecting With the Past: Genealogies in Nasrid Granada. pp. 71–88. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748644971.003.0006.
  3. ↑ Barton, Simon (2009). A History of Spain. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-230-20012-8.
  4. ↑ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. p. 29. OCLC 1199708.
  5. 1 2 Fernández-Puertas 1997, p. 4.

Bibliography

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