Nasal EPAP

Nasal EPAP

Nasal expiratory positive airway pressure (Nasal EPAP) is a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and snoring.[1][2]

Contemporary EPAP devices have two small valves that allow air to be drawn in through each nostril, but not exhaled; the valves are held in place by adhesive tabs on the outside of the nose.[1] The mechanism by which EPAP may work is not clear; it may be that the resistance to nasal exhalation leads to a buildup in CO2 which in turn increases respiratory drive, or that resistance to exhalation generates pressure that forces the upper airway to open wider.[1]

In OSA it appears to be effective to reduce but not eliminate apnea for people with mild to moderate OSA (Apnea–hypopnea index < 30) and for people who cannot tolerate CPAP, but within those groups it is not clear why some respond and others do not, and the evidence consists of small clinical trials with follow-up no longer than one year.[1][2] As of 2015 there was evidence from one small trial that it may be useful in children with OSA.[1] It has shown evidence of reducing snoring as well.[1][2]

EPAP is unlikely to be effective in people with significant nasal obstruction.[1] Side effects that emerged during clinical trials included difficulty breathing, difficulty falling or staying asleep, dry mouth, nasal congestion, headache, difficulty putting on or removing the device, and anxiety.[1]

Ventus Medical received FDA 510K clearance for marketing the Provent EPAP device for OSA in 2009.[3][4] Ventus received 510K clearance for an EPAP device to treat snoring in June 2012.[5][6] Ventus was acquired by Theravent Inc. in 2013.[7][8]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wu, H; Yuan, X; Zhan, X; Li, L; Wei, Y (September 2015). "A review of EPAP nasal device therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.". Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung. 19 (3): 769–74. PMID 25245174. doi:10.1007/s11325-014-1057-y.
  2. 1 2 3 Riaz, M; et al. (2015). "Nasal Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure Devices (Provent) for OSA: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.". Sleep disorders. 2015: 734798. PMC 4699057 Freely accessible. PMID 26798519. doi:10.1155/2015/734798.
  3. ↑ FDA ProVent 510K table
  4. ↑ FDA Provent 510(k) Summary April 3, 2009
  5. ↑ FDA InVent 510K table
  6. ↑ FDA InVent 510(k) Summary June 12, 2012
  7. ↑ Staff, Sleep Review. April 19, 2013 Ventus Medical Closing Its Doors
  8. ↑ Bloomberg Ventus profile Page accessed August 15, 2016

Further reading

Calik MW. Treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Clin Outcomes Manag. 2016 Apr;23(4):181-192. PMID 27134515

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