Nar Phu language
| Nar Phu | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Nepal |
| Region | Manang district |
Native speakers | 600 (2011)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
npa |
| Glottolog |
narp1239[2] |
Nar Phu, or ’Narpa, is a Sino-Tibetan variety spoken in the two villages of Nar and Phu, in the Valley of the Nar Khola in the Manang district of Nepal. It forms a dialect continuum with Manang and may be intelligible with it; however, the Nar and Phu share a secret language to confound Gyasumdo and Manang who would otherwise understand them.[1]
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Close-mid | e | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | |
| Low | a | ɑ |
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | unaspirated | p | t | ʈ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||
| Affricate | unaspirated | ts | tɕ | |||
| aspirated | tsʰ | tɕʰ | ||||
| Fricative | s | ɕ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Lateral | voiced | l | ||||
| voiceless | l̥ | |||||
| Rhotic | voiced | r | ||||
| voiceless | r̥ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ɰ | |||
Tones
Nar Phu distinguishes three tones: high falling, high level, low rising murmured, and mid/low falling murmured.
References
- 1 2 Nar Phu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Nar Phu". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Bibliography
- Noonan, Michael (2003). "Nar-Phu" Sino-Tibetan Languages, edited by Randy LaPolla and Graham Thurgood, 336-352. London: Routledge.
- Kristine A. Hildebrandt (2013). “Converb and aspect marking polysemy in Nar” Responses to Language Endangerment: In Honor of Mickey Noonan, edited by Elena Mihas, Bernard Perley, Gabriel Rei-Doval, and Kathleen Wheatley, 97-117. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Kristine A. Hildebrandt, D.N. Dhakal, Oliver Bond, Matt Vallejo and Andrea Fyffe. (2015). “A sociolinguistic survey of the languages of Manang, Nepal: Co-existence and endangerment.” NFDIN Journal, 14.6: 104-122.
External links
- Manang Languages Project of Kristine Hildebrandt
- Nar-Phu language archive at the University of Virginia Tibetan and Himalayan Library
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