Anal language
| Anal | |
|---|---|
| Namfau | |
| Native to | India and Burma |
| Region | Southeast Manipur |
| Ethnicity | Anal people |
Native speakers | 23,000 (2001 census)[1] |
|
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
anm |
qfs Langet | |
| Glottolog |
anal1239[2] |
Anal, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Northern Naga language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It had 23,000 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 50 in Burma in 2010.[1] It has two principal dialects, Laizo and Malshom, and is closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei. Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain (Shafer 1955:106). Anal is written in the Latin script,[3] with a literacy rate of about 74%.[1]
Geographical distribution
Anal is spoken in Chandel district, southeastern Manipur, on the banks of the Chakpi River in Chandel, Chakpikarong, and Engnoupal subdivisions (Ethnologue).
Alphabet
Standard 26 letter Latin A-Z
Vocabulary
The following vocabulary exemplifies words in the language.[4]
| Anal | gloss | Anal | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| khol | 'deep hole'; 'social division' | ahno | 'kind of short skirt' |
| lunguin | 'kind of long shawl' | zupar | 'rice beer' |
| piruili | 'elopement' | min | 'bride price' |
| ithin | 'divorce' | sinnuperu | 'adultery' |
| pakum | 'hearth' | mote | 'first-born' |
| kepu | 'second-born' | cakhow | 'brown rice' |
| khon | 'fifty rupees' | thunlon | 'grave' |
| dao | 'kind of iron blade' | shingkho | 'plate' |
| vopum | 'basket' | athiru | 'kind of marble necklace' |
| akarfo | 'kind of China necklace' | sanamba | 'kind of fiddle' |
| tilli | 'kind of flageolet' | tuklee | 'kind of loom' |
References
- 1 2 3 Anal at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Anal". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Bareh 2007, p. 120
- ↑ Bareh 2007, pp. 119–128
Bibliography
- Bareh, Hamlet (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Manipur. III. New Delhi: Mittai. ISBN 81-7099-790-9. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. New Delhi: Atlantic. ISBN 81-269-0708-8. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
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