Vynohradiv

Vynohradiv
Виноградів – Nagyszőlős
City of district significance

Central Vynohradiv looking towards Black Mountain

Coat of arms
Vynohradiv

Map of Zakarpattia Oblast with Vynohradiv.

Coordinates: 48°08′59″N 23°01′30″E / 48.14972°N 23.02500°E / 48.14972; 23.02500Coordinates: 48°08′59″N 23°01′30″E / 48.14972°N 23.02500°E / 48.14972; 23.02500
Country  Ukraine
Oblast Zakarpattia Oblast
Raion Vynohradiv Raion
Founded 1262 as Sevliush
Incorporated 1946
Government
  Mayor Stepan Bochkaj (István Bocskai)
Area
  Total 32.09 km2 (12.39 sq mi)
Elevation 134 m (440 ft)
Population (2016)
  Total 25,543
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
  Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 90300
Climate Cfb
Website www.rada.vynogradiv.com.ua

Vynohradiv (Ukrainian: Виноградів, Hungarian: Nagyszőlős) is a city in western Ukraine, Zakarpattia Oblast. It is the center of Vynohradiv Raion. Population: 25,543(2016 est.)[1]

Names

There are multiple alternative names used for this city due to its location and history: Hungarian: Nagyszőlős, Romanian: Seleuşu Mare, Rusyn: Cивлюш (Syvlyush), Russian: Виноградов (Vinogradov), Yiddish: סעליש (Seylesh, Selish), Slovak: Vinohradov (Veľká Sevljuš during Czechoslovak rule), German: Wynohradiw.

Location

The city lies near the river Tisza on the border with Romania. It is 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Berehove.

History

It was first mentioned in 1262 by the name Zceuleus. Its Hungarian name, Nagyszőlős ("Great Vineyard"), stems from the area being an important wine district. The city was called Sevlush (the Rusyn transliteration of the Hungarian word szőlős, meaning vineyard.

The town was one of the oldest in Ugocsa county, and was inhabited by winemakers of the royal court. In 1329, Hungarian King Charles Robert granted privileges to the town, which became the seat of the Comitatus (the city held this rank until the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920).

In 1717, most of the citizens of the town were killed by an invading Tatar horde. By 1880, the population was about 4,400 (with 500 native Romanians). In 1881 a secondary school was opened.

In 1910 it had a population of 7,811 (5,943 or 76% Hungarians, 1,266 or 16% Ruthenians (Rusyns) and 540 or 7% Germans). The religious make-up was 3,311 Greek Catholics (42.5%), 2,237 Jews (28.6%) and 1,124 Calvinists (14.4%).

This city had a Jewish ghetto in 1944. At its height from May to June 1944, most of the Jews of this section of northern Transylvania were deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp to be gassed shortly after arrival. Jews from the area typically spent about two weeks in the ghetto before being deported. Conditions were extremely cramped with many families housed in a single room, a deliberate arrangement meant to cause suffering and disease.

In 1944, Carpathian Ruthenia became part of the Soviet Union. The city name became Vinogradovo (Russian), Vynohradiv (Ukrainian), or Vynohradovo (Ruthenian). All mean "Grape City."

Demographics

According to the 2001 census, the population included:[2]

Those who would self-describe as Rusyns were probably recorded as Ukrainians.

Tourist sights

Street map of Vynohradiv and surrounding area (Ukrainian).
Ugocsa Castle
The ruins of a castle in Vynohradiv.

Famous people

In alphabetical order:

Other names

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Vynohradiv is twinned with:

References

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