Morning Edition

Morning Edition

Genre	News: analysis, commentary, interviews, special features
Running time	Approximately 105 minutes
Country of origin	United States
Home station	WAMU National Public Radio
Hosted by	Steve Inskeep Rachel Martin David Greene
Created by	Bob Edwards
Original release	November 5, 1979 – present
Opening theme	Morning Edition Theme by B. J. Leiderman[1]
Website	http://www.npr.org/programs/morning
Podcast	Podcast / RSS feed

Morning Edition is an American radio news program produced and distributed by NPR. It airs weekday mornings (Monday through Friday) and runs for two hours, and many stations repeat one or both hours. The show feeds live from 05:00 to 09:00 ET, with feeds and updates as required until noon. The show premiered on November 5, 1979; its weekend counterpart is Weekend Edition. Morning Edition and All Things Considered are among the highest rated public radio shows.^[2][3]

Background

A typical show includes news, both newscasts and in-depth reports; features on science, arts, business, sports, and politics; interviews with and profiles of people in the news; commentaries; and human interest features. Some regional public radio networks and local stations also produce locally focused content under their Morning Edition banner.

Bob Edwards, previously a co-host of All Things Considered, hosted Morning Edition beginning with its first episode, a job he initially took on a temporary basis when a shake-up in production and on-air staff occurred ten days before the show's premiere. Edwards was joined by Barbara Hoctor, then of Weekend All Things Considered. Hoctor departed after four months, leaving Edwards as solo host for the next quarter-century. His last day as host was April 30, 2004;^[4] this was not due to Edwards retiring, but rather a highly controversial decision from NPR to reassign him as senior correspondent, which resulted in anger and harsh criticism from many listeners.^[5][6][7] From May 3, 2004 through November 11, 2016 the show was co-hosted by Steve Inskeep and Renée Montagne, with David Greene joining as co-host in 2012.^[8] Inskeep reports from NPR headquarters in Washington, D.C. and Montagne reported from the studios of NPR West in Culver City, California, a municipality within Los Angeles County. Montagne announced in July, 2016 that she would step down as co-host to become a special correspondent for NPR. On December 5, 2016, after Renée Montagne's departure, David Greene will begin broadcasting from NPR West, and Rachel Martin, former host of Weekend Edition, will join Morning Edition, broadcasting alongside Inskeep from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D.C.^[9]

Arbitron ratings show that over twelve million people listen to Morning Edition weekly. It's the second most-listened-to national radio show, after The Rush Limbaugh Show,^[2][10] though some sources, among them Talkers Magazine, sometimes place the show third in audience rankings behind Limbaugh and The Sean Hannity Show, depending on the time (as of 2015, Hannity has fallen behind Morning Edition in the Talkers estimate).^[11]

In 1999, Morning Edition with Bob Edwards received the George Foster Peabody Award.^[12]

Format

The following describes the program format effective November 17, 2014.^[13]

Morning Edition begins each hour with a sixty-second "billboard" highlighting stories to be covered in the hour. At least one birthday or anniversary of a major event is announced as well. Some stations replace this billboard with a localized version, with a similar format, but with emphasis on local stories and read by a local announcer.

The standard NPR newscast follows for five minutes. Many stations cut into the newscast at :04 past the hour to deliver additional news programming. A sixty-second music bed follows allowing stations additional time to deliver news, weather, or funding credits. After that, the signature thirty-second "bleeble" (music bed) begins the program.

The first segment, "A", highlights the most important stories of the day. Usually the "A" segments differ between hours, although when the topic is extraordinary, the "A" segment will cover the same topic, but in a different format between the first and second hour. Between each segment, one- to three-minute breaks occur which are filled with promotions for other programs, sponsorship credits, and station-provided content such as local traffic and weather reports. Segment A ends at eighteen minutes past the hour, and a sixty-second break follows. New to Morning Edition effective November 17, 2014 is a 89-second newscast at :19 and :42 past the hour. The mid-hour newscasts emphasize live news, including question and answer with correspondents, as opposed to headlines. Following each mid-hour newscast is a 90-second break to allow stations to provide local news and information.^[14]

Returning from the break at 22:30 past the hour, the second segment, or "B" segment, generally contains features, commentaries, or long form interviews. Interviews can sometimes take up the entire segment. Segment "B" ends at 30:00 past the hour, at which point a promotion for All Things Considered and a humorous news item is delivered. These segments are called "returns", because many stations that air local news or announcements return to the national feed at half past the hour. The return lasts thirty seconds, and ends with the tagline "It's Morning Edition, from NPR News," or some variation thereon.^[15]

At 31:00 past the hour a two-minute music bed is played which most stations cover with news updates or "modules" from other independent radio producers. The "C" segment follows at 33:35 (duration 7:24) and is sometimes covered by stations with local reports as well. This segment features news or cultural reports, generally running the segment length. Segment C ends with a mid-hour newscast and station break.

At 45:35 past the hour, the "D" segment (duration 4:00) is typically composed of two to three stories focusing on health news, international events, or short updates on national stories. At 49:35 past the hour the segment ends, and another two-minute station break begins.

The "E" segment begins at 51:30 (duration 7:29) and differs between hours. Originally in the first hour, the "E" segment was dedicated to stories and features from the world of business, while in the second hour, segment "E" included a cultural feature, remembrance, or softer news story, usually taking the entire segment length. Beginning in November 2014, Morning Edition moved the second hour "E" features to the first hour "E" segment, dropping the dedicated business segment to allow NPR stations to insert broadcasts of the Marketplace Morning Report, which is separately produced and distributed by NPR rival American Public Media (prior to this change, many stations would already cover one or both "E" segments with Marketplace Morning Report).^[16] However, some stations continue to air Marketplace Morning Report in place of the "E" segment for the first hour. Segment "E" ends at 59:00 after the hour, and leads into a music bed that takes the listener into the next hour, or the end of the program, depending on the hour and the station's program schedule.

Stations receive over their computers the daily rundown of stories before each program which allows them to plan their coverage and decide what stories they wish to replace with local content. The rundown is updated as necessary until the feed ends at noon Eastern time.

Differences in pickup times

Most stations in the Central and Eastern Time zones run Morning Edition live from 05:00 to 09:00 ET, repeating one or both hours through morning drive time. Some stations run only the two hours, others run up to seven hours. The repeats are automatically fed through the NPR satellite, and are updated as necessary by NPR anchors in the studio when breaking news events occur. In the past, Edwards would stay at his NPR office until the program feeds ended at noon in case there was anything that required an update. Today, with two hosts, one host generally stays in the studio while the other does field reporting or works on stories for future shows, and the transition is seamless, unless both hosts have to be away from the studio for some reason. In that instance, substitute NPR anchors John Ydstie and Linda Wertheimer host the re-feeds.

On the West Coast, Morning Edition can run for up to seven hours running from the first live feed with the subsequent re-feeds. For example, KPCC in Pasadena, California carries Morning Edition, from 02:00 to 09:00 PST. KPCC handles the re-feeds uniquely: instead of taking the re-feed from the satellite, they "roll their own" by taking the tape from the feed two hours prior, so that they can run the A and B segments of Morning Edition about three minutes earlier than rival KCRW in Santa Monica, which takes the re-feed direct from the satellite. In the event of a breaking news story, KPCC runs the same feed as KCRW.

KJZZ in Phoenix, Arizona carries Morning Edition from 03:00 to 09:00 local time, but only uses local announcers, news updates/features and traffic/weather reports starting with the 05:00 hour.

Satellite radio

Morning Edition (as well as its afternoon counterpart All Things Considered) is not carried on any of the public radio channels of Sirius XM Radio, the leading US consumer satellite radio provider; this is reportedly to reduce direct competition between Sirius XM and NPR's local member stations, almost all of whom heavily use these flagship news programs to generate pledge revenue from listeners.^[17] Tell Me More, a daytime interview show hosted by journalist Michel Martin, with a focus on African-American issues, is featured on NPR Now, channel 122; and The Takeaway, a competing news and interview program hosted by John Hockenberry and distributed by Public Radio International, is featured on SiriusXM Public Radio, channel 205.

Staff

Hosts

• Bob Edwards (1979–2004)
• Steve Inskeep (2004–present)^[18]
• Renée Montagne (2004–2016)^[19]
• David Greene (2012–present)^[8]
• Rachel Martin (2016–present)^[20]

Newscasters

• Carl Kasell (1979–2009)
• Jean Cochran (retired 2013) ^[21]
• Paul Brown (American journalist) (retired 2013) ^[21]

News analysts

• Cokie Roberts
• Daniel Schorr (1916-2010 / deceased)
• Ted Koppel

Correspondents

• Eleanor Beardsley - Foreign Correspondent, Paris
• Adam Davidson—Correspondent, International Business and Economics
• Leila Fadel - Foreign Correspondent, Cairo
• David Folkenflik—Correspondent, Media, Arts Information Unit
• Lourdes Garcia-Navarro—Foreign Correspondent, Mexico City
• Anne Garrels—Foreign Correspondent
• Rob Gifford—Foreign Correspondent, London
• Tom Gjelten—Correspondent
• Don Gonyea—Correspondent, White House, Washington Desk
• Vertamae Grosvenor—Correspondent, Culture, Arts Information Unit
• Jon Hamilton—Correspondent, Science Desk
• Robert Krulwich—Correspondent, Science Desk, New York City
• Mara Liasson - National Political Correspondent
• Ofeibea Quist-Arcton—Foreign Correspondent, Dakar, Senegal
• Cokie Roberts
• Ari Shapiro - Foreign Correspondent, London
• Nina Totenberg - Legal Correspondent

Commentators

• Red Barber (1980–1992; won a Personal Peabody Award in 1990 for his Friday-morning conversations with Edwards)^[22]
• Baxter Black ("cowboy poet, philosopher and former large-animal veterinarian")
• T. R. Reid
• Frank Deford (1980–2017; sports)
• Patt Morrison
• David Sedaris
• Tom Shales (film and television; also a critic for The Washington Post)
• Kenneth Turan (film; also a critict for The Los Angeles Times)
• Joe Bevilacqua (arts)

References

External links

• Official site
• NPR People : On-Air