NBC News

NBC News
Division of NBC
Key people Steve Burke (President & CEO of NBCUniversal)
Noah Oppenheim (President of NBC News[1])
Andrew Lack (Chairman of NBCUniversal News Group[2])
Founded February 21, 1940 (1940-02-21)
Headquarters Studio 3A/C, NBC News News Room
Comcast Building 30 Rockefeller Center, Midtown Manhattan, Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.
Major Bureaus International Headquarters,
Studio 3A/C, NBC News News Room
30 Rockefeller Center, Midtown Manhattan, Manhattan, New York, New York
West Coast Headquarters, Universal City, California
Governmental Affairs Headquarters
Washington, D.C.
European Headquarters
London, UK
Asia Pacific Headquarters
Singapore, Hong Kong
Area served Worldwide
Broadcast programs: Dateline NBC
Early Today
Meet the Press
NBC Nightly News
Today
Weekend Today
Sunday Night with Megyn Kelly
Owner Comcast
Parent NBCUniversal
Divisions NBC News International
Subsidiaries Euronews
(25%)
Website www.nbcnews.com
1959–72 logo

NBC News is a division of the American broadcast network NBC. The division operates under NBCUniversal News Group, a subsidiary of NBCUniversal, in turn a subsidiary of Comcast. The group's various operations report to the president of NBC News, Noah Oppenheim.[1]

NBC News aired the first news program in American broadcast television history on February 21, 1940. The group's broadcasts are produced and aired from 30 Rockefeller Center, NBC's headquarters in New York City.

The division presides over America's number-one-rated newscast,[3] NBC Nightly News, and the longest-running television series in American history, Meet The Press. NBC News also offers 70 years of rare historic footage[4] from the NBCUniversal Archives online.

NBC News operates a 24-hour cable news network known as MSNBC, which includes the organization's flagship daytime news operation, MSNBC Live. The cable network shares staff and editorial control with NBC News. In 2016, the organization also purchased a portion of Euronews, a European 24-hour news network that, in 2017, entered into an international editorial relationship with NBC News.[5]

History

Caravan era

The first American television newscast in history was made by NBC News on February 21, 1940, anchored by Lowell Thomas and airing weeknights at 6:45 p.m.[6] In June 1940, NBC, through its flagship station in New York City, W2XBS (renamed commercial WNBT in 1941, now WNBC) operating on channel one, televised 30¼ hours of coverage of the Republican National Convention live and direct from Philadelphia. The station used a series of relays from Philadelphia to New York and on to upper New York State, for rebroadcast on W2XB in Schenectady (now WRGB), making this among the first "network" programs of NBC Television. Due to wartime restrictions, there were no live telecasts of the 1944 conventions, although films of the events were reportedly shown over WNBT the next day.

In 1948, NBC teamed up with Life magazine to provide election night coverage of President Harry S. Truman's surprising victory over New York governor Thomas E. Dewey. The television audience was small, but NBC's share in New York was double that of any other outlet.[7] The following year, the Camel News Caravan, anchored by John Cameron Swayze, debuted on NBC. Lacking the graphics and technology of later years, it nonetheless contained many of the elements of modern newscasts.[8] NBC hired its own film crews and in the program's early years, it dominated CBS's competing program, which did not hire its own film crews until 1953.[8] (by contrast, CBS spent lavishly on Edward R. Murrow's weekly series, See It Now[8]). In 1950, David Brinkley began serving as the program's Washington correspondent, but attracted little attention outside the network until paired with Chet Huntley in 1956.[9] In 1955, the Camel News Caravan fell behind CBS's Douglas Edwards with the News, and Swayze lost the already tepid support of NBC executives.[8] The following year, NBC replaced the program with the Huntley-Brinkley Report.

Beginning in 1951, NBC News was managed by director of news Bill McAndrew, who reported to vice president of news and public affairs J. Davidson Taylor.[10]

Huntley-Brinkley era

NBC News had close to 700 correspondents and cameramen in 1961 who were stationed throughout the world. Film was received in the United States by plane or by the jointly operated NBC-BBC transatlantic film cable.

Television assumed an increasingly prominent role in American family life in the late 1950s, and NBC News was called television's "champion of news coverage."[11] NBC president Robert Kintner provided the news division with ample amounts of both financial resources and air time.[8] In 1956, the network paired anchors Chet Huntley and David Brinkley and the two became celebrities,[9] supported by reporters including John Chancellor, Frank McGee, Edwin Newman, Sander Vanocur, Nancy Dickerson, Tom Pettit, and Ray Scherer.

Created by producer Reuven Frank, NBC's Huntley-Brinkley Report had its debut on October 29, 1956. During much of its 14-year run, it exceeded the viewership levels of its CBS News competition, anchored initially by Douglas Edwards and, beginning in April 1962, by Walter Cronkite.

NBC's vice president of news and public affairs, J. Davidson Taylor, was a Southerner who, with producer Reuven Frank, was determined that NBC would lead television's coverage of the civil rights movement.[12] In 1955, NBC provided national coverage of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s leadership of the bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, airing reports from Frank McGee, then news director of NBC's Montgomery affiliate WSFA-TV, who would later join the network.[13] A year later, John Chancellor's coverage of the admission of black students to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was the first occasion when the key news story came from television rather than print[13] and prompted a prominent U.S. senator to observe later, "When I think of Little Rock, I think of John Chancellor."[10] Other reporters who covered the movement for the network included Sander Vanocur, Herbert Kaplow, Charles Quinn, and Richard Valeriani,[12] who was hit with an ax handle at a demonstration in Marion, Alabama in 1965.[14]

While Walter Cronkite's enthusiasm for the space race eventually won the anchorman viewers for CBS, NBC News, with the work of correspondents such as Frank McGee, Roy Neal, Jay Barbree, and Peter Hackes, also provided ample coverage of American manned space missions in the Project Mercury, Project Gemini, and Project Apollo programs. In an era when space missions rated continuous coverage, NBC configured its largest studio, Studio 8H, for space coverage. It utilized models and mockups of rockets and spacecraft, maps of the earth and moon to show orbital trackage, and stages on which animated figures created by puppeteer Bil Baird were used to depict movements of astronauts before on-board spacecraft television cameras were feasible. (Studio 8H had been home to the NBC Symphony Orchestra and is now the home of Saturday Night Live.) NBC's coverage of the first moon landing in 1969 earned the network an Emmy Award.[15]

In the late 1950s, Kintner reorganized the chain of command at the network, making Bill McAndrew president of NBC News, reporting directly to Kintner.[10] McAndrew served in that position until his death in 1968.[10] McAndrew was succeeded by his executive vice president, producer Reuven Frank, who held the position until 1973.[10]

On November 22, 1963, NBC interrupted various programs on its affiliate stations at 1:45 p.m. to announce that President John F. Kennedy had been shot in Dallas, Texas. Eight minutes later, at 1:53:12 p.m., NBC broke into programming with a network bumper slide and Chet Huntley, Bill Ryan and Frank McGee informing the viewers what was going on as it happened; but since a camera was not in service, the reports were audio only. However, NBC did not begin broadcasting over the air until 1:57 p.m. ET. About 40 minutes later, after word came that JFK was pronounced dead, NBC suspended regular programming and carried 71 hours of uninterrupted news coverage of the assassination and the funeral of the president—including the only live broadcast of the fatal shooting of Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, by Jack Ruby as Oswald was being led in handcuffs by law-enforcement officials through the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters.[16]

NBC Nightly News era

NBC's ratings lead began to slip toward the end of the 1960s and fell sharply when Chet Huntley retired in 1970 (Huntley died of cancer in 1974). The loss of Huntley, along with a reluctance by RCA to fund NBC News at a similar level as CBS was funding its news division, left NBC News in the doldrums. NBC's primary news show gained its present title, NBC Nightly News, on August 3, 1970.

Logo of MSNBC used from 2006 to 2008.

The network tried a platoon of anchors (Brinkley, McGee, and John Chancellor) during the early months of Nightly News. Despite the efforts of the network's eventual lead anchor, the articulate, even-toned Chancellor, and an occasional first-place finish in the Nielsens, Nightly News in the 1970s was primarily a strong second.[8] By the end of the decade, NBC had to contend not only with a powerful CBS but also a surging ABC, led by Roone Arledge. Tom Brokaw became sole anchor in 1983, after co-anchoring with Roger Mudd for a year, and began leading NBC's efforts. In 1986 and 1987, NBC won the top spot in the Nielsens for the first time in years,[17] only to fall back when Nielsen's ratings methodology changed. In late 1996, Nightly News again moved into first place,[18] a spot it has held onto in most of the succeeding years. Brian Williams assumed primary anchor duties when Brokaw retired in December 2004.[19] In February 2015, NBC suspended Williams for six months for telling an inaccurate story about his experience in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[20] He was replaced by Lester Holt on an interim basis. On June 18, 2015, it was announced that Holt would become the permanent anchor and Williams would be moved to MSNBC as an anchor of breaking news and special reports beginning in August.[21]

In 1993, Dateline NBC broadcast an investigative report about the safety of General Motors (GM) trucks. GM discovered the "actual footage" utilized in the broadcast had been rigged by the inclusion of explosive incendiaries attached to the gas tanks and the use of improper sealants for those tanks. GM subsequently filed an anti-defamation lawsuit against NBC, which publicly admitted the results of the tests were rigged and settled the lawsuit with GM on the very same day.[22]

Company news

On October 22, 2007, Nightly News moved into its new high definition studios, at Studio 3C at NBC Studios in 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. The network's 24-hour cable network, MSNBC, joined the network in New York on that day as well. The new studios/headquarters for NBC News and MSNBC are now located in one area.

During the financial crisis of 2007–2008, NBC News was urged to save $500 million by NBC Universal. On that occasion, NBC News laid off several of its in-house reporters such as Kevin Corke, Jeannie Ohm and Don Teague. This was the largest layoff in NBC News history.

After the sudden death of the influential moderator Tim Russert of Meet the Press in June 2008, Tom Brokaw took over as an interim host; and on December 14, 2008, David Gregory became the new moderator of the show until August 14, 2014, when NBC announced that NBC News Political Director Chuck Todd would take over as the 12th moderator of Meet the Press starting September 7, 2014. David Gregory's last broadcast was August 10, 2014.[23][24]

By 2009, NBC had established leadership in network news, airing the highest-rated morning, evening, and Sunday interview news programs.[25] Its ability to share costs with MSNBC and share in the cable network's advertising and subscriber revenue made it far more profitable than its network rivals.[26]

Controversies

Virginia Tech massacre

On April 16, 2007, Cho Seung-hui, gunman in the Virginia Tech massacre, took time between the two shooting episodes to prepare and mail a large multimedia package to NBC News in New York City containing messages about his anger at the wealthy and alluding to the slaughter that was about to take place. Although the package was sent overnight mail, it was not received until 11 a.m. on April 18 because of Cho's confusion over the zip code of NBC's headquarters at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. The package contained a DVD showing video clips of Cho speaking and more than two dozen photos of Cho, including 11 of him thrusting pistols at the camera. A postal worker delivering the parcel to the network's Rockefeller Center offices recognized the sender and alerted NBC security personnel. They immediately reported the package to the FBI. Meanwhile, NBC made copies of the contents and aired carefully edited pieces on its evening news and cable programs. Snippets from the package, including still photos, videos and voice narration, were also made available to competing news outlets who agreed to credit the network as the source. Then-NBC News president Steve Capus defended use of the material, but the frequency of its broadcast was cut dramatically.

Shooting of Trayvon Martin

NBC Nightly News broadcast, March 2008

On March 27, 2012, NBC News broadcast an edited segment from a 911 call placed by George Zimmerman before he shot Trayvon Martin. The editing made it appear that Zimmerman volunteered that Martin was black, rather than merely responding to the dispatcher's inquiry, which would support a view that the shooting was racially motivated. A media watchdog organization accused NBC News of engaging in "an all-out falsehood." While NBC News initially declined to comment,[27] the news agency did issue an apology to viewers.[28] The Washington Post called the statement "skimpy on the details on just how the mistake unfolded."[28]

NBC News team kidnapping

On 13 December 2012, NBC News reporter Richard Engel and his five crew members, Aziz Akyavaş, Ghazi Balkiz, John Kooistra, Ian Rivers and Ammar Cheikh Omar, were abducted in Syria. Having escaped after five days in captivity, Engel said he believed that a Shabiha group loyal to al-Assad was behind the abduction, and that the crew was freed by the Ahrar al-Sham group five days later.[29] Engel's account was however challenged from early on.[30] In April 2015, NBC had to revise the kidnapping account, following further investigations by The New York Times, which suggested that the NBC team "was almost certainly taken by a Sunni criminal element affiliated with the Free Syrian Army," rather than by a loyalist Shia group.[31]

Presidents

Nine men have served as president of NBC News during its history: Reuven Frank (1968–73, 1981–85), Richard Wald (1973–77), Lester M. Crystal (1977–79), William J. Small (1979–81), Lawrence Grossman (1985–88), Michael Gartner (1988–93), Andrew Lack (1993–2001), Neal Shapiro (2001–05), and Steve Capus (2005–March 5, 2013). In August 2013, Deborah Turness assumed the role as president of NBC News, becoming the first woman to head the division.[32] In February 2017, Today Show producer and executive Noah Oppenheim was named president of NBC News.[1]

Programming

NBC News Washington Bureau

Former programming

Syndicated productions

This film, television or video-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it with reliably sourced additions.

Other productions

NBC News provides content for the Internet, as well as cable-only news networks CNBC and MSNBC. It produces a twice-daily show called Stay Tuned for Snapchat's Discover platform.

NBC News International

In November 2016, NBC News Group chairman Andy Lack announced NBCUniversal had purchased a 25% stake in Euronews, a European news organization competing against the likes of BBC News and ITV News. As part of the purchase, NBC News created "NBC News International," which seeks to combine the new European and pre-existing American resources of the newly-expanded organization into a streamlined, global operation. The new division of the company is under the direction of Deborah Turness, former President of NBC News. It was also announced that Euronews will take on EuronewsNBC branding once the deal is finalized.[5]

NBC News Radio

NBC News Radio logo

NBC News Radio has been distributed by iHeartMedia and its TTWN Networks since July 2016. It is provided to the network's 24/7 News Source affiliates and includes a top of the hour newscast along with other audio content which is heard on over 1000 radio stations.[33]

The original NBC Radio Network was purchased by Westwood One in 1987 as General Electric, which acquired NBC's parent company RCA, divested most properties not pertaining to the NBC television network. NBC Radio's news operation was merged into the Mutual Broadcasting System, then into Westwood One's then-corporate sibling CBS Radio, and eventually assimilated into the syndicator itself. Initially just a service limited to one-hour reports from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. ET, on March 5, 2012, Dial Global – who had acquired Westwood One – announced NBC News Radio would expand to a full-time 24-hour radio news network, replacing CNN Radio (that itself replaced both NBC Radio and Mutual in 1999).

As of 2016, WOR serves as NBC News Radio's East Coast flagship station, while KOGO serves as the network's West Coast flagship station.

It broadcasts in a 15-minute cycle, with the latest news in business, politics, health, technology, sport, weather,...

NBC News Overnight/Nightside

In 1982, NBC News began production on NBC News Overnight with anchors Linda Ellerbee, Lloyd Dobyns, and Bill Schechner. That program was cancelled in December 1983, but in 1991, NBC News launched another overnight news show called NBC Nightside. During its run, the show's anchors included Sara James,[34] Bruce Hall, Antonio Mora, Tom Miller, Campbell Brown, Kim Hindrew, Tom Donavan, and Tonya Strong.

NBC Nightside lasted until 1998 and was replaced by "NBC All Night", composed of reruns of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and later from January 1, 2007 to September 23, 2011, Poker After Dark. NBC now airs same day repeats of the fourth hour of Today and CNBC's Mad Money on weekdays, LXTV programs on early Sunday mornings, and Meet the Press and Dateline encores on early Monday mornings.

NBC News Channel

NBC News Channel is a news video and report feed service, similar to a wire service, providing pre-produced international, national and regional stories some with fronting reporters customized for NBC network affiliates. It is based in Charlotte, North Carolina and is connected to the studios of Charlotte NBC affiliate WCNC-TV. NBC News Channel also served as the production base of NBC Nightside.

Noted coverage

NBC News got the first American news interviews from two Russian presidents (Vladimir Putin, Mikhail Gorbachev), and Brokaw was the only American television news correspondent to witness the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.[35]

Notable personnel

Former staff

† (deceased)

International broadcasts

MSNBC is not shown outside the Americas on a channel in its own right. However, both NBC News and MSNBC are shown for a few hours a day on OSN News in MENA Region.

MSNBC is also shown occasionally on sister network CNBC Europe during breaking news, and Nightly News and Meet the Press are also shown regularly. NBC Nightly News is shown in the Philippines on 9TV (formerly Talktv and Solar News Channel), while Early Today was officially dropped from the network in December 2013, but they replaced by the repeats of Inside Edition. NBC Nightly News, along with the full program lineup of NBC, was carried by affiliate VSB-TV in Bermuda.

The Seven Network in Australia has close ties with NBC and has used a majority of the network's imaging and slogans since the 1970s. Seven News has featured The Mission as its news theme since the mid-1980s. Local newscasts were named Seven Nightly News from the mid-1980s until around 2000. NBC and Seven will often share news recourses between the two countries. NBC News has been known to use Seven News reporters for live reports on a developing news story in Australia. Seven News will sometimes also incorporate an NBC News report into its national bulletins. Today, Weekend Today and Meet The Press are all broadcast on the Seven Network during the early morning hours from 3-5 a.m., just before Seven's own morning show Sunrise.

In Hong Kong, NBC Nightly News is live digital television broadcast transmission (or delayed) on TVB Pearl daily from 07:00 until 08:00 Hong Kong Time (18:00 until 19:00 New York City Time).

In the United Kingdom, the ITV network, used to air segments from NBC Nightly News on their ITV News at 5:30 morning newscast before it was cancelled in December 2012. NBC News share facilities and crew in the UK with ITN, who is the news provider for ITV.

Bureaus

Major bureaus

Minor bureaus (within the United States)

1 All NBC owned-and-operated stations are considered NBC News bureaus, including those not listed here.

Foreign bureaus (NBC News/CNBC/MSNBC)

Theme music

Most of NBC's news television programs use "The Mission" by John Williams as their theme. The composition was first used by NBC in 1985 and was updated in 2004.[45]

Units

References

  1. 1 2 3 Battaglio, Stephen (February 14, 2017). "'Today' show executive Noah Oppenheim is named president of NBC News". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  2. ↑ Steel, Emily (March 6, 2015). "NBC Brings Back Andrew Lack to Lead Its News Division". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  3. ↑ Masonhall, Erika (January 23, 2013). ""nbc nightly news" ratings win". Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
  4. ↑ "News Footage & Stock Video Footage". NBCUniversal Archives. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  5. 1 2 Barraclough, Leo (November 11, 2016). "NBC News, Euronews in Talks for Strategic Partnership".
  6. ↑ Thomas, Lowell (1977). So Long Until Tomorrow. New York: Wm. Morrow and Co. pp. 17–19. ISBN 0-688-03236-2.
  7. ↑ "New York City Hooper Ratings for Election Night 1948" TVObscurities.com.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Matusow, Barbara (1983). The Evening Stars: The Making of the Network News Anchor. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  9. 1 2 Whitworth, William (August 3, 1968). "An Accident of Casting". The New Yorker.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Frank, Reuven (1991). Out of Thin Air: The Brief Wonderful Life of Network News. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  11. ↑ Manchester, William (1967). The Death of a President. New York: Harper & Row. p. 190.
  12. 1 2 Roberts, Gene; Klibanoff, Hank (2006). The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle, and the Awakening of a Nation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 155.
  13. 1 2 Halberstam, David (1993). The Fifties. New York: Villard Books.
  14. ↑ Raines, Howell (1971). My Soul Is Rested: Movement Days in the Deep South Remembered. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 371–72.
  15. ↑ Barbree, Jay (July 20, 2004). "The Moments before the Eagle Landed". MSNBC.com.
  16. ↑ NBC News (1966). There Was a President. New York: Random House.
  17. ↑ Gerard, Jeremy (November 29, 1989). "ABC Surpasses CBS in Evening News Ratings". The New York Times.
  18. ↑ "CBS tops Nielsens 2nd week in row". SFGate.com. San Francisco Examiner. March 12, 1997.
  19. ↑ "Tom Brokaw retires, makes way for Brian Williams on "NBC Nightly News" - wistv.com - Columbia, South Carolina". wistv.com. 2004-12-02. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  20. ↑ "A Note from Deborah Turness". NBC News. February 10, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Lester Holt Named Anchor of 'NBC Nightly News'". NBC News. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  22. ↑ Richard L. Abel (May 6, 1998). Speaking Respect, Respecting Speech. University of Chicago Press. p. 191.
  23. ↑ "Chuck Todd Takes Helm of 'Meet the Press'". NBC News. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  24. ↑ "NBC's Tim Russert dead at 58 - politics". NBC News. 2008-06-14. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  25. ↑ Carter, Bill; Stelter, Brian (2009-03-08). "A Matrix of News Winners Buoys NBC". The New York Times.
  26. ↑ Stelter, Brian; Carter, Bill (February 28, 2010). "Network News at a Crossroads". The New York Times. p. B1.
  27. ↑ Bond, Paul. "NBC News Accused of Editing 911 Call in Trayvon Martin Controversy (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter.
  28. 1 2 Wemple, Erik (April 4, 2012). "NBC issues apology on Zimmerman tape screw-up". The Washington Post.
  29. ↑ Brian Stelter; Sebnem Arsu (18 December 2012), "Richard Engel of NBC Is Freed in Syria", The New York Times, retrieved 8 December 2015
  30. ↑ Jamie Dettmer (22 December 2012). "Richard Engel's Kidnapping: A Behind the Scenes Look". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  31. ↑ Ravi Somaiya; C. J. Chivers; Karam Shoumali (15 April 2015). "NBC News Alters Account of Correspondent's Kidnapping in Syria". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  32. ↑ New NBC News President Deborah Turness: 'My first job is to listen', TVNewser, August 5, 2013.
  33. ↑ "NBC News, iHeart Partner on 24/7 News Network.".
  34. ↑ "NBC to launch overnight newscast". Knight Ridder News Service. The Baltimore Sun. November 2, 1991. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  35. ↑ Shales, Tom (November 10, 1989). "The Day the Wall Cracked; Brokaw's Live Broadcast Tops Networks' Berlin Coverage". Washington Post.
  36. ↑ "Miguel Almaguer - NBCUniversal Media Village".
  37. ↑ "Catie Beck Joins NBC News".
  38. ↑ "NBC Names Hallie Jackson White House Correspondent, Kasie Hunt to Capitol Hill".
  39. ↑ Moraes, Lisa de (January 3, 2017). "Megyn Kelly To Exit Fox News This Week, Joins NBC News To Host Daytime Show & New Sunday Evening Newsmag – Update".
  40. ↑ "Kevin Tibbles - NBCUniversal Media Village".
  41. ↑ "Bob Dotson looks back at 40 years of American Stories, says goodbye".
  42. ↑ "Tamron Hall Leaving NBC News and MSNBC".
  43. ↑ "Fond Farewell to Retiring Correspondent Steve Handelsman".
  44. ↑ "Brian Williams Wishes NBC's Jim Maceda Good Luck".
  45. ↑ Submitted by NBC Universal (August 30, 2006). "SoundtrackNet: News: Legendary Composer John Williams Composes New "NBC Sunday Night Football" Theme". Soundtrack.net. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  46. ↑ "NBC News". nbcuni.com. NBCUniversal. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
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