Miami Open (tennis)

Miami Open
Tournament information
Founded	1985 (1985)
Location	Key Biscayne, Florida USA
Venue	Tennis Center at Crandon Park
Surface	Hard (Laykold) / Outdoors
Website	Official website
ATP World Tour Category Masters 1000 Draw 96S / 48Q / 32D Prize money $7,037,595
WTA Tour Category Premier Mandatory Draw 96S / 48Q / 32D Prize money $6,844,139

The Miami Open, also known as the Miami Masters, is an annual tennis tournament for men and women held in Key Biscayne, Florida, an island town just off the coast of Miami. The tournament is an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the men's tour and a Premier Mandatory event on the women's tour, played on hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park. The event is held annually in March.

The tournament has had multiple sponsorships in its history. During its inaugural playing in 1985, the tournament was known as the Lipton International Players Championships. and it was a premier event of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour as part of the Grand Prix Super Series from its first year until 1990. In 2000, the event was renamed the Ericsson Open. In 2002, the event became known as the NASDAQ-100 Open. In 2007, the tournament was renamed the Sony Ericsson Open, in a deal by which Sony Ericsson would pay $20 million total over the next four years, until 2014. From 2015–2019, the international bank Itaú became the presenting sponsor, making the official name of the tournament Miami Open presented by Itaú.^[1]

In 2010, a record 300,000 visitors attended matches at the 12-day Sony Ericsson Open, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Majors.^[2] In 2011, 316,267 visitors attended the Open.^[3]

The court has been criticized as the slowest hardcourt on the tour, subjecting players to endless grinding rallies in extreme heat and humidity.^[4][5]

History

Stadium Court, the main venue at the Miami Open at night time

A 2009 match between Rafael Nadal and Juan Martín del Potro at Stadium Court

The tournament was founded by former player Butch Buchholz. His original aim was to make the event the first major tournament of the year (the Australian Open was held in December at that time), and he dubbed it the "Winter Wimbledon". Buchholz approached the ATP and the WTA, offering to provide the prize-money, and to give them a percentage of the ticket sales and worldwide television rights in return for the right to run the tournament for 15 years. The two associations agreed.

The first tournament was held in February 1985 at Laver's International Tennis Resort at Delray Beach, Florida. Buchholz brought in Alan Mills, the tournament referee at Wimbledon, as the head referee; and Ted Tinling, a well-known tennis fashion designer since the 1920s, as the director of protocol. At the time, the prize money of US$1.8 million was surpassed only by Wimbledon and the US Open. (The event's prize money has since grown to over $13 million.)

In 1986, the tournament relocated to Boca West. After its successful second year there, Merrett Stierheim, Dade County Manager and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) President, helped Buchholz in 1987 to move the tournament to its current home in Key Biscayne.^[6] In keeping with the ambitions of its founder, the tournament has been maintained as one of the premier events in tennis.^[7]

In 1999, Buchholz sold the tournament to IMG.^[8]

In 2004 the Indian Wells Masters also expanded to a multi-week 96 person field, and since then the two March extravaganzas have been colloquially termed the Sunshine Double.

Event characteristics

Beside the four Major championships, the Miami Open is one of the few events on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and WTA tours where the main singles draw (for both the men and the women) involves more than 64 players, and where main draw play extends beyond one week. 96 men and 96 women compete in the singles competition, and 32 teams compete in each of the doubles competitions. The event lasts 12 days. As of 2012, ESPN televises early-round coverage in the U.S., and CBS broadcasts the men's and women's finals.

In 2006, the tournament became the first event in the United States to use Hawk-Eye to allow players to challenge close line calls. Players were allowed two challenges per set, with an additional challenge allowed for tiebreaks. The first challenge was made by Jamea Jackson against Ashley Harkleroad in the first round.

The last best of five set final was won by Roger Federer in 2006.

Points and prize money

As an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event, the tournament will distribute up to 1000 ATP Rankings points to the singles and doubles champions. This is a table detailing the points and prize money allocation for each round of the 2016 Miami ATP Masters 1000 and WTA Premier Mandatory event:

Point distribution

• Players with byes receive first round points.

Prize money

Past results

Men's singles

• The men's final has been abandoned three times since the tournament's inception.
  • In 1989, Thomas Muster was hit by a drunk driver just hours after his semifinal victory, severing left knee ligaments, which put him in a wheelchair for months. He won the championship eight years later.
  • In 1996, Goran Ivanišević retired from the final early with a stiff neck, after sleeping awkwardly the night before.
  • In 2004, Guillermo Coria was visibly bothered by back pain from late in the first set of the final. Coria eventually retired during the first game of the fourth set due to this back pain. The problem turned out to be kidney stones.

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
Lipton International Players Championships
1985	Tim Mayotte	Scott Davis	4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
1986	Ivan Lendl	Mats Wilander	3–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 6–4
1987	Miloslav Mečíř	Ivan Lendl	7–5, 6–2, 7–5
1988	Mats Wilander	Jimmy Connors	6–4, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1989	Ivan Lendl (2)	Thomas Muster	Walkover
↓  ATP Masters 1000 tournament  ↓
1990	Andre Agassi	Stefan Edberg	6–1, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2
1991	Jim Courier	David Wheaton	4–6, 6–3, 6–4
1992	Michael Chang	Alberto Mancini	7–5, 7–5
Lipton Championships
1993	Pete Sampras	MaliVai Washington	6–3, 6–2
1994	Pete Sampras (2)	Andre Agassi	5–7, 6–3, 6–3
1995	Andre Agassi (2)	Pete Sampras	3–6, 6–2, 7–6(7–3)
1996	Andre Agassi (3)	Goran Ivanišević	3–0 Ret.
1997	Thomas Muster	Sergi Bruguera	7–6(8–6), 6–3, 6–1
1998	Marcelo Ríos	Andre Agassi	7–5, 6–3, 6–4
1999	Richard Krajicek	Sébastien Grosjean	4–6, 6–1, 6–2, 7–5
Ericsson Open
2000	Pete Sampras (3)	Gustavo Kuerten	6–1, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 7–6(10–8)
2001	Andre Agassi (4)	Jan-Michael Gambill	7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–0
NASDAQ-100 Open
2002	Andre Agassi (5)	Roger Federer	6–3, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4
2003	Andre Agassi (6)	Carlos Moyá	6–3, 6–3
2004	Andy Roddick	Guillermo Coria	6–7(2–7), 6–3, 6–1, Ret.
2005	Roger Federer	Rafael Nadal	2–6, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–3, 6–1
2006	Roger Federer (2)	Ivan Ljubičić	7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4), 7–6(8–6)
Sony Ericsson Open
2007	Novak Djokovic	Guillermo Cañas	6–3, 6–2, 6–4
2008	Nikolay Davydenko	Rafael Nadal	6–4, 6–2
2009	Andy Murray	Novak Djokovic	6–2, 7–5
2010	Andy Roddick (2)	Tomáš Berdych	7–5, 6–4
2011	Novak Djokovic (2)	Rafael Nadal	4–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4)
2012	Novak Djokovic (3)	Andy Murray	6–1, 7–6(7–4)
Sony Open Tennis
2013	Andy Murray (2)	David Ferrer	2–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1)
2014	Novak Djokovic (4)	Rafael Nadal	6–3, 6–3
Miami Open presented by Itaú
2015	Novak Djokovic (5)	Andy Murray	7–6(7–3), 4–6, 6–0
2016	Novak Djokovic (6)	Kei Nishikori	6–3, 6–3
2017	Roger Federer (3)	Rafael Nadal	6–3, 6–4

Women's singles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
Lipton International Players Championships
1985	Martina Navratilova	Chris Evert	6–2, 6–4
1986	Chris Evert	Steffi Graf	6–4, 6–2
1987	Steffi Graf	Chris Evert	6–1, 6–2
↓  Tier I tournament  ↓
1988	Steffi Graf (2)	Chris Evert	6–4, 6–4
1989	Gabriela Sabatini	Chris Evert	6–1, 4–6, 6–2
1990	Monica Seles	Judith Wiesner	6–1, 6–2
1991	Monica Seles (2)	Gabriela Sabatini	6–3, 7–5
1992	Arantxa Sánchez Vicario	Gabriela Sabatini	6–1, 6–4
Lipton Championships
1993	Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2)	Steffi Graf	6–4, 3–6, 6–3
1994	Steffi Graf (3)	Natasha Zvereva	4–6, 6–1, 6–2
1995	Steffi Graf (4)	Kimiko Date	6–1, 6–4
1996	Steffi Graf (5)	Chanda Rubin	6–1, 6–3
1997	Martina Hingis	Monica Seles	6–2, 6–1
1998	Venus Williams	Anna Kournikova	2–6, 6–4, 6–1
1999	Venus Williams (2)	Serena Williams	6–1, 4–6, 6–4
Ericsson Open
2000	Martina Hingis (2)	Lindsay Davenport	6–3, 6–2
2001	Venus Williams (3)	Jennifer Capriati	4–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–4)
NASDAQ-100 Open
2002	Serena Williams	Jennifer Capriati	7–5, 7–6(7–4)
2003	Serena Williams (2)	Jennifer Capriati	4–6, 6–4, 6–1
2004	Serena Williams (3)	Elena Dementieva	6–1, 6–1
2005	Kim Clijsters	Maria Sharapova	6–3, 7–5
2006	Svetlana Kuznetsova	Maria Sharapova	6–4, 6–3
Sony Ericsson Open
2007	Serena Williams (4)	Justine Henin	0–6, 7–5, 6–3
2008	Serena Williams (5)	Jelena Janković	6–1, 5–7, 6–3
↓  Premier Mandatory tournament  ↓
2009	Victoria Azarenka	Serena Williams	6–3, 6–1
2010	Kim Clijsters (2)	Venus Williams	6–2, 6–1
2011	Victoria Azarenka (2)	Maria Sharapova	6–1, 6–4
2012	Agnieszka Radwańska	Maria Sharapova	7–5, 6–4
Sony Open Tennis
2013	Serena Williams (6)	Maria Sharapova	4–6, 6–3, 6–0
2014	Serena Williams (7)	Li Na	7–5, 6–1
Miami Open presented by Itaú
2015	Serena Williams (8)	Carla Suárez Navarro	6–2, 6–0
2016	Victoria Azarenka (3)	Svetlana Kuznetsova	6–3, 6–2
2017	Johanna Konta	Caroline Wozniacki	6–4, 6–3

Men's doubles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
1985	Paul Annacone Christo van Rensburg	Sherwood Stewart Kim Warwick	7–5, 7–5, 6–4
1986	Brad Gilbert Vince Van Patten	Stefan Edberg Anders Järryd	Walkover
1987	Paul Annacone (2) Christo van Rensburg (2)	Ken Flach Robert Seguso	6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1988	John Fitzgerald Anders Järryd	Ken Flach Robert Seguso	7–6, 6–1, 7–5
1989	Jakob Hlasek Anders Järryd (2)	Jim Grabb Patrick McEnroe	6–3, Ret.
1990	Rick Leach Jim Pugh	Boris Becker Cássio Motta	6–3, 6–4
1991	Wayne Ferreira Piet Norval	Ken Flach Robert Seguso	5–7, 7–6, 6–2
1992	Ken Flach Todd Witsken	Kent Kinnear Sven Salumaa	6–4, 6–3
1993	Richard Krajicek Jan Siemerink	Patrick McEnroe Jonathan Stark	6–7, 6–4, 7–6
1994	Jacco Eltingh Paul Haarhuis	Mark Knowles Jared Palmer	7–6, 7–6
1995	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	Jim Grabb Patrick McEnroe	6–3, 7–6
1996	Todd Woodbridge (2) Mark Woodforde (2)	Ellis Ferreira Patrick Galbraith	6–1, 6–3
1997	Todd Woodbridge (3) Mark Woodforde (3)	Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor	7–6, 7–6
1998	Ellis Ferreira (2) Rick Leach (2)	Alex O'Brien Jonathan Stark	6–2, 6–4
1999	Wayne Black Sandon Stolle	Boris Becker Jan-Michael Gambill	6–1, 6–1
2000	Todd Woodbridge (4) Mark Woodforde (4)	Martin Damm Dominik Hrbatý	6–3, 6–4
2001	Jiří Novák David Rikl	Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge	7–5, 7–6(7–3)
2002	Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor	Donald Johnson Jared Palmer	6–3, 3–6, 6–1
2003	Roger Federer Max Mirnyi	Leander Paes David Rikl	7–5, 6–3
2004	Wayne Black (2) Kevin Ullyett	Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge	6–2, 7–6(14–12)
2005	Jonas Björkman Max Mirnyi (2)	Wayne Black Kevin Ullyett	6–1, 6–2
2006	Jonas Björkman (2) Max Mirnyi (3)	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	6–4, 6–4
2007	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	Martin Damm Leander Paes	6–7(7–9), 6–3, [10–7]
2008	Bob Bryan (2) Mike Bryan (2)	Mahesh Bhupathi Mark Knowles	6–2, 6–2
2009	Max Mirnyi (4) Andy Ram	Ashley Fisher Stephen Huss	6–7(4–7), 6–2, [10–7]
2010	Lukáš Dlouhý Leander Paes	Mahesh Bhupathi Max Mirnyi	6–2, 7–5
2011	Mahesh Bhupathi Leander Paes (2)	Max Mirnyi Daniel Nestor	6–7(5–7), 6–2, [10–5]
2012	Leander Paes (3) Radek Štěpánek	Max Mirnyi Daniel Nestor	3–6, 6–1, [10–8]
2013	Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi Jean-Julien Rojer	Mariusz Fyrstenberg Marcin Matkowski	6–4, 6–1
2014	Bob Bryan (3) Mike Bryan (3)	Juan Sebastián Cabal Robert Farah Maksoud	7–6(10–8), 6–4
2015	Bob Bryan (4) Mike Bryan (4)	Vasek Pospisil Jack Sock	6–3, 1–6, [10–8]
2016	Pierre-Hugues Herbert Nicolas Mahut	Raven Klaasen Rajeev Ram	5–7, 6–1, [10–7]
2017	Łukasz Kubot Marcelo Melo	Nicholas Monroe Jack Sock	7–5, 6–3

Women's doubles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
1985	Gigi Fernández Martina Navratilova	Barbara Jordan Hana Mandlíková	7–6(7–4), 6–2
1986	Pam Shriver Helena Suková	Chris Evert Wendy Turnbull	6–2, 6–3
1987	Martina Navratilova (2) Pam Shriver (2)	Claudia Kohde-Kilsch Helena Suková	6–3, 7–6(8–6)
1988	Steffi Graf Gabriela Sabatini	Gigi Fernández Zina Garrison	7–6(8–6), 6–3
1989	Jana Novotná Helena Suková (2)	Gigi Fernández Lori McNeil	7–6(7–5), 6–4
1990	Jana Novotná (2) Helena Suková (3)	Betsy Nagelsen Robin White	6–4, 6–3
1991	Mary Joe Fernández Zina Garrison Jackson	Gigi Fernández Jana Novotná	7–5, 6–2
1992	Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Larisa Savchenko Neiland	Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi	7–5, 5–7, 6–3
1993	Jana Novotná (3) Larisa Savchenko Neiland (2)	Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi	6–2, 7–5
1994	Gigi Fernández (2) Natasha Zvereva	Patty Fendick Meredith McGrath	6–3, 6–1
1995	Jana Novotná (4) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (2)	Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva	7–5, 2–6, 6–3
1996	Jana Novotná (5) Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (3)	Meredith McGrath Larisa Savchenko Neiland	6–4, 6–4
1997	Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (4) Natasha Zvereva (2)	Sabine Appelmans Miriam Oremans	6–4, 6–2
1998	Martina Hingis Jana Novotná (6)	Arantxa Sánchez Natasha Zvereva	6–2, 3–6, 6–3
1999	Martina Hingis (2) Jana Novotná (7)	Mary Joe Fernández Monica Seles	0–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1)
2000	Julie Halard-Decugis Ai Sugiyama	Nicole Arendt Manon Bollegraf	4–6, 7–5, 6–4
2001	Arantxa Sánchez-Vicario (5) Nathalie Tauziat	Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs	6–0, 6–4
2002	Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs	Virginia Ruano Pascual Paola Suárez	7–6(7–4), 6–7(4–7), 6–3
2003	Liezel Huber Magdalena Maleeva	Shinobu Asagoe Nana Miyagi	6–4, 3–6, 7–5
2004	Nadia Petrova Meghann Shaughnessy	Svetlana Kuznetsova Elena Likhovtseva	6–2, 6–3
2005	Svetlana Kuznetsova Alicia Molik	Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs	7–5, 6–7(5–7), 6–2
2006	Lisa Raymond (2) Samantha Stosur	Liezel Huber Martina Navratilova	6–4, 7–5
2007	Lisa Raymond (3) Samantha Stosur (2)	Cara Black Liezel Huber	6–4, 3–6, [10–2]
2008	Katarina Srebotnik Ai Sugiyama (2)	Cara Black Liezel Huber	7–5, 4–6, [10–3]
2009	Svetlana Kuznetsova (2) Amélie Mauresmo	Květa Peschke Lisa Raymond	4–6, 6–3, [10–3]
2010	Gisela Dulko Flavia Pennetta	Nadia Petrova Samantha Stosur	6–3, 4–6, [10–7]
2011	Daniela Hantuchová Agnieszka Radwańska	Liezel Huber Nadia Petrova	7–6(7–5), 2–6, [10–8]
2012	Maria Kirilenko Nadia Petrova (2)	Sara Errani Roberta Vinci	7–6(7–0), 4–6, [10–4]
2013	Nadia Petrova (3) Katarina Srebotnik (2)	Lisa Raymond Laura Robson	6–1, 7–6(7–2)
2014	Martina Hingis (3) Sabine Lisicki	Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina	4–6, 6–4, [10–5]
2015	Martina Hingis (4) Sania Mirza	Ekaterina Makarova Elena Vesnina	7–5, 6–1
2016	Bethanie Mattek-Sands Lucie Šafářová	Tímea Babos Yaroslava Shvedova	6–3, 6–4
2017	Gabriela Dabrowski Xu Yifan	Sania Mirza Barbora Strýcová	6–4, 6–3

Mixed doubles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
1985	Heinz Günthardt Martina Navratilova	Wojciech Fibak Carling Bassett	6–3, 6–4
1986	John Fitzgerald Elizabeth Smylie	Emilio Sánchez Steffi Graf	6–4, 7–5
1987	Miloslav Mečíř Jana Novotná	Christo van Rensburg Elna Reinach	6–3, 3–6, 6–3
1988	Michiel Schapers Ann Henricksson	Jim Pugh Jana Novotná	6–4, 6–4
1989	Ken Flach Jill Hetherington	Sherwood Stewart Zina Garrison	6–2, 7–6(7–3)

Records

	Player	Record	Year
Most Singles Titles
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)  Novak Djokovic (SRB)	6	1990, 1995, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003 2007, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016
Women's Singles	Serena Williams (USA)	8	2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015
Most Consecutive Titles
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)  Novak Djokovic (SRB)	3	2001, 2002, 2003 2014, 2015, 2016
Women's Singles	Steffi Graf (GER)  Serena Williams (USA)	3	1994, 1995, 1996 2002, 2003, 2004 & 2013, 2014, 2015
Most Consecutive Matches Won
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)	20	2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
Women's Singles	Steffi Graf (GER)  Venus Williams (USA)	22	1994, 1995, 1996, 1999 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002
Most Times Seeded No. 1 at the Tournament
Men's Singles	Roger Federer (SUI)	6	2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010
Women's Singles	Serena Williams (USA)	7	2003, 2004, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
Unseeded Players Who Advanced to the Finals
Men's Singles	Sébastien Grosjean (FRA)  David Wheaton (USA)  Tim Mayotte (USA) (winner)  Scott Davis (USA)	–	1999 1991 1985 1985
Women's Singles	Kim Clijsters (BEL) (winner)	–	2005
Youngest & Oldest Winners
Youngest Men's Singles	Novak Djokovic (SRB)	19 years, 316 days old	2007
Youngest Women's Singles	Monica Seles (YUG)	16 years, 111 days old	1990
Oldest Men's Singles	Roger Federer (SUI)	35 years, 241 days old	2017
Oldest Women's Singles	Serena Williams (USA)	33 years, 190 days old	2015
Most Finals Reached
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)	8	1990, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003
Women's Singles	Serena Williams (USA)	10	1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015
Most Doubles Titles – Teams
Men's Doubles	Woodbridge (AUS) /  Woodforde (AUS)  Bryan (USA) /  Bryan (USA)	4	1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015
Women's Doubles	Novotná (CZE) /  Suková (CZE)  Novotná (CZE) /  Sánchez (ESP)  Novotná (CZE) /  Hingis (SUI)  Raymond (USA) /  Stosur (AUS)	2	1989, 1990 1995, 1996 1998, 1999 2006, 2007
Most Doubles Titles – Individual
Men's Doubles	Todd Woodbridge (AUS)  Mark Woodforde (AUS)  Max Mirnyi (BLR)  Bob Bryan (USA)  Mike Bryan (USA)	4	1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015
Women's Doubles	Jana Novotná (CZE)	7	1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miami Masters.

• Official tournament website
• Satellite view of the tournament venue (Google Maps)
• Miami Masters Tennis news & live streams

Coordinates: 25°42′29″N 80°09′32″W / 25.70806°N 80.15889°W / 25.70806; -80.15889