Mycobacterium africanum
| Mycobacterium africanum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinobacteria |
| Order: | Actinomycetales |
| Suborder: | Corynebacterineae |
| Family: | Mycobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Mycobacterium |
| Species: | M. africanum |
| Binomial name | |
| Mycobacterium africanum Castets et al. 1969,[1] ATCC 25420 | |
Mycobacterium africanum is a species of Mycobacterium that is most commonly found in West African countries. The symptoms of infection resemble those of M. tuberculosis.
It is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.[2]
Epidemiology
M. africanum is most commonly found in West African countries, causing up to a quarter of cases of tuberculosis in countries such as in Gambia.[3] It is an infection of humans only and is spread by an airborne route from individuals with open cases of disease.
It has a similar degree of infectivity to the regular M. tuberculosis organism but is less likely to progress to clinical disease in an immunocompetent individual.[4] However, M. africanum is more likely to progress from infection to causing disease in an HIV positive patient. In countries where M. africanum is endemic, it represents an important opportunistic infection of the later stages of HIV disease.[5]
Pathogenesis
It is not fully understood how the genetic differences between M. africanum and M. tuberculosis give rise to the lower pathogenicity of the former. However, it is known that the Region of Difference 9 (RD9) is lacking in M. africanum but present in M. tuberculosis.[6]
Treatment
M. africanum tuberculosis is treated with an identical regime to tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis. The overall rate of cure is similar, but as more M. africanum patients are likely to be HIV positive, they may have higher mortality from other HIV-related disease.
Type strain
ATCC 25420 = CIP 105147
References
- ↑ Castets, M.; Rist, N.; Boisvert, H. (1969). "La variété africaine du bacille tuberculeux humain". Médecine d'Afrique Noire. 16: 321–2.
- ↑ Vasconcellos SE, Huard RC, Niemann S, et al. (2010). "Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum". BMC Infect. Dis. 10: 80. PMC 2859774
. PMID 20350321. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-80. - ↑ de Jong, B.; Antonio, M.; Gagneux, S. (28 September 2010). "Mycobacterium africanum—Review of an Important Cause of Human Tuberculosis in West Africa". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 4 (9). PMID 20927191. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000744.
- ↑ de Jong, B.; Hill, P.; Aiken, A.; Awine, T.; Martin, A.; Adetifa, I.; Jackson-Sillah, D.; Fox, A.; DeRiemer, K.; Gagneux, S.; Borgdorff, M.; McAdam, K.; Corrah, T.; Small, P.; Adegbola, R. (2008). "Progression to Active Tuberculosis, but Not Transmission, Varies by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage in The Gambia". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 198 (7): 1037–1043. doi:10.1086/591504. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ↑ de Jong, B.; Hill, P.; Brookes, R.; Otu, J.; Peterson, K.; Small, P.; Adegbola, R. (14 October 2005). "Mycobacterium africanum: a new opportunistic pathogen in HIV infection?". AIDS. 19 (15): 1714–1715. PMID 16184053. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ↑ Brosch R, Gordon SV, Marmiesse M, et al. (March 2002). "A new evolutionary scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (6): 3684–9. PMC 122584 . PMID 11891304. doi:10.1073/pnas.052548299.
Bibliography
- Skerman, V.B.D.; McGowan, V.; Sneath, P.H.A. (January 1980). "Approved Lists of Bacterial Names" (PDF). Int J Syst Bacteriol. 30 (1): 225–420. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-225.
External links
- "Mycobacterium africanum". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 33894.