Multi-tendency

Multi-tendency political organisations, especially left-wing groups, accommodate members who are affiliated to or identify with different political ideologies, agendas, interests or perspectives. The word has been used to describe groupings of social democrats,[1] socialists, communists, environmentalists, human rights advocates, anti-war activists, feminists, African-American activists,[2] anti-racist and anti-fascist activists as well as anarchists [3] who work together in support of a common cause. Multi-tendency pluralistic groups are distinguished from those groups that strictly adhere to a party line or a stringent credo.

Origin

The term "multi-tendency" was first used by Philip Selznick. Selznick (1919–2010), later professor emeritus of law and society at the University of California, Berkeley, under his party name of Philip Sherman, first used the term in the Workers Party's Internal Bulletin (April 1941, 4). He used it to represent the opinion of Trotskyists who rejected the leadership of James Cannon and who left the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) to found the Workers Party in 1940. In 1941, Selznick was head of a faction in the Workers Party known as the Shermanites. In the Bulletin he used the term to criticize the leadership of Max Schachtman who was criticized for a leadership style that was considered too close to that of the democratic centralism of James Cannon. Therefore, the term was first used simply as an antonym of democratic centralism. In 1949, the Workers Party renamed itself the Independent Socialist League (ISL) and later, in 1957, joined the Socialist Party of America.[4][5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mullin, Richard (2015-03-31). The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, 1899‒1904: Documents of the 'Economist' Opposition to Iskra and Early Menshevism. BRILL. ISBN 9789004272149.
  2. ↑ Bush, Rod (2000-03-01). We Are Not What We Seem: Black Nationalism and Class Struggle in the American Century. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814713181.
  3. ↑ Crass, Chris (2013-03-01). Towards Collective Liberation: Anti-Racist Organizing, Feminist Praxis, and Movement Building Strategy. PM Press. ISBN 9781604868470.
  4. ↑ Workers Party's Internal Bulletin (April 1941, 4)
  5. ↑ Wald, Alan M. (1987). The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 183–187. ISBN 0-8078-4169-2.


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