Muhammad al-Nasir

Muhammad al-Nasir
Caliph of Morocco
Reign 1199–1213
Died 1213
Spouse Qamar
Issue Yusuf II
Dynasty Almohad
Father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
Religion Islam

Muhammad al-Nasir (الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور, an-Nāṣir li-dīn Allah Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr, died 1213) was the fourth Almohad caliph from 1199 until his death.[1] Contemporary Christians referred to him as Miramamolin.

On 25 January 1199, al-Nasir’s father Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur died; al-Nasir was proclaimed the new caliph that very day.[1] Al-Nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability. Because of his father’s victories against the Christians in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating Banu Ghaniya attempts to seize Ifriqiya (Tunisia). Needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as governor of Ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the Hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574.

Dynasty and Iberian presence

He now had to turn his attention back to Iberia, to deal with a crusade proclaimed by Pope Innocent III. This resulted in his defeat by a Christian coalition at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212). He died the following year, and was succeeded by his young son Yusuf al-Mustansir, born of Christian slave Qamar.[2]

Relationship with King John of England

In the early 13th century, John, King of England was under pressure after a quarrel with Pope Innocent III led to England being placed under an interdict, by which all forms of worship and other religious practices were banned. John himself was excommunicated, parts of the country were in revolt and there were threats of a French invasion.

Writing two decades after the events, Matthew Paris, a St Albans chronicler of the early thirteenth century, claims that, in desperation, John sent envoys to al-Nâsir asking for his help. In return John offered to convert to Islam and turn England into a Muslim state. Among the delegates was Master Robert, a London cleric. Al-Nâsir was said to be so disgusted by John’s grovelling plea that he sent the envoys away. Historians have cast doubt on this story, due to the lack of other contemporary evidence.[3][4][5][6]

Viziers

References

  1. 1 2 Évariste Lévi-Provençal, al-Nāṣir. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 9 January 2013.
  2. Yusuf II al-Mustansir Billah
  3. Chesterton, G.K. (1925). The Everlasting Man. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 215.
  4. Ronay, Gabriel (1978). The Tartar Khan's Englishman. London: Cassel. pp. 28–34. ISBN 1-84212-210-X.
  5. Graham Stewart, The king who wanted Sharia England. The Times, 16 February 2008
  6. John Derbyshire, United States of Islam. National Review Online, 12 October 2001

Bibliography

Preceded by
Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur
Almohad dynasty
11991213
Succeeded by
Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II
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