Moving Picture Experts Group

MPEG logo
MPEG Format is used on several media. This picture relates some of the most known media to the MPEG Format version and container format (TS and PS) used.

The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a working group of authorities that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.[1] It was established in 1988 by the initiative of Hiroshi Yasuda (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) and Leonardo Chiariglione,[2] group Chair since its inception. The first MPEG meeting was in May 1988 in Ottawa, Canada.[3][4][5] As of late 2005, MPEG has grown to include approximately 350 members per meeting from various industries, universities, and research institutions. MPEG's official designation is ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 – Coding of moving pictures and audio (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 11).[6][7][8][9]

Sub Groups

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 – Coding of moving pictures and audio has following Sub Groups (SG):[6]

Cooperation with other groups

Joint Video Team

Joint Video Team (JVT) is joint project between ITU-T SG16/Q.6 (Study Group 16 / Question 6) – VCEG (Video Coding Experts Group) and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 – MPEG for the development of new video coding recommendation and international standard.[6][10] It was formed in 2001 and its main result has been H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (MPEG-4 Part 10).[11]

Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding

Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) is a group of video coding experts from ITU-T Study Group 16 (VCEG) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (MPEG). It was created in 2010 to develop High Efficiency Video Coding, a new generation video coding standard that further reduces (by 50%) the data rate required for high quality video coding, as compared to the current ITU-T H.264 / ISO/IEC 14496-10 standard.[12][13] JCT-VC is co-chaired by Jens-Rainer Ohm and Gary Sullivan.

Standards

The MPEG standards consist of different Parts. Each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification.[14] The standards also specify Profiles and Levels. Profiles are intended to define a set of tools that are available, and Levels define the range of appropriate values for the properties associated with them.[15] Some of the approved MPEG standards were revised by later amendments and/or new editions. MPEG has standardized the following compression formats and ancillary standards:

MPEG-4 has been chosen as the compression scheme for over-the-air in Brazil (ISDB-TB), based on original digital television from Japan (ISDB-T).[23]

In addition, the following standards, while not sequential advances to the video encoding standard as with MPEG-1 through MPEG-4, are referred to by similar notation:

Moreover, more recently than other standards above, MPEG has started following international standards; each of the standards holds multiple MPEG technologies for a way of application.[24][25][26][27][28] (For example, MPEG-A includes a number of technologies on multimedia application format.)

MPEG groups of standards[25][26][27][46][47]
Acronym for a group of standards Title ISO/IEC standards First public release date (First edition) Description
MPEG-1 Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media. Commonly limited to about 1.5 Mbit/s although specification is capable of much higher bit rates ISO/IEC 11172 1993
MPEG-2 Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information ISO/IEC 13818 1995
MPEG-3 abandoned, incorporated into MPEG-2
MPEG-4 Coding of audio-visual objects ISO/IEC 14496 1999
MPEG-7 Multimedia content description interface ISO/IEC 15938 2002
MPEG-21 Multimedia framework (MPEG-21) ISO/IEC 21000 2001
MPEG-A Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) ISO/IEC 23000 2007
MPEG-B MPEG systems technologies ISO/IEC 23001 2006
MPEG-C MPEG video technologies ISO/IEC 23002 2006
MPEG-D MPEG audio technologies ISO/IEC 23003 2007
MPEG-E Multimedia Middleware ISO/IEC 23004 2007
(none) Supplemental media technologies ISO/IEC 29116 2008 will be revised in MPEG-M Part 4 – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols
MPEG-V Media context and control ISO/IEC 23005[37] 2011
MPEG-M MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) ISO/IEC 23006[42] 2010
MPEG-U Rich media user interfaces ISO/IEC 23007[44] 2010
MPEG-H High Efficiency Coding and Media Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments ISO/IEC 23008[48] 2013
MPEG-DASH Information technology – DASH ISO/IEC 23009 2012

Standardization process

A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Here are some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status:[3][49][50][51][52][53]

Other abbreviations:

A proposal of work (New Proposal) is approved at Subcommittee and then at the Technical Committee level (SC29 and JTC1 respectively – in the case of MPEG). When the scope of new work is sufficiently clarified, MPEG usually makes open requests for proposals – known as "Call for proposals". The first document that is produced for audio and video coding standards is called a Verification Model (VM). In the case of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 this was called Simulation and Test Model, respectively. When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a Working Draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard but is kept internal to MPEG for revision. When a WD is sufficiently solid, becomes Committee Draft (CD) (usually at the planned time). It is then sent to National Bodies (NB) for ballot. The CD becomes Final Committee Draft (FCD) if the number of positive votes is above the quorum. After a review and comments issued by NBs, FCD is again submitted to NBs for the second ballot. If the FCD is approved, it becomes Final Draft International Standard (FDIS). ISO then holds a ballot with National Bodies, where no technical changes are allowed (yes/no ballot). If approved, the document becomes International Standard (IS).[3]

ISO/IEC Directives allow also the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure a document is submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS) if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.[50]

See also

Notes

  1. John Watkinson, The MPEG Handbook, p.1
  2. Hans Geog Musmann, Genesis of the MP3 Audio Coding Standard (PDF), retrieved 2011-07-26
  3. 1 2 3 "About MPEG". chiariglione.org. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
  4. "MPEG Meetings". chiariglione.org. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
  5. chiariglione.org (2009-09-06). "Riding the Media Bits, The Faultline". Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  6. 1 2 3 ISO, IEC (2009-11-05). "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, SC 29/WG 11 Structure (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 – Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio)". Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  7. MPEG Committee. "MPEG – Moving Picture Experts Group". Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  8. ISO. "MPEG Standards – Coded representation of video and audio". Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  9. ISO. "JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information". Retrieved 2009-11-11.
  10. "ITU-T and ISO/IEC to produce next generation video coding standard". 2002-02-08. Retrieved 2010-03-08.
  11. ITU-T. "Joint Video Team". Retrieved 2010-03-07.
  12. ITU-T (January 2010). "Final joint call for proposals for next-generation video coding standardization". Retrieved 2010-03-07.
  13. ITU-T. "Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding – JCT-VC". Retrieved 2010-03-07.
  14. Understanding MPEG-4, p.78
  15. Cliff Wootton. A Practical Guide to Video and Audio Compression. p. 665.
  16. 1 2 3 4 The MPEG Handbook, p.4
  17. Salomon, David (2007). "Video Compression". Data compression: the complete reference (4 ed.). Springer. p. 676. ISBN 978-1-84628-602-5.
  18. 1 2 The MPEG Handbook, pp. 4–5
  19. Understanding MPEG-4, p.83
  20. "MPEG-J White Paper". July 2005. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  21. "MPEG-J GFX white paper". July 2005. Retrieved 2010-04-11.
  22. ISO. "ISO/IEC 14496-21:2006 – Information technology – Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 21: MPEG-J Graphics Framework eXtensions (GFX)". ISO. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
  23. Fórum SBTVD. "O que é o ISDB-TB". Retrieved 2012-06-02.
  24. "MPEG - The Moving Picture Experts Group website".
  25. 1 2 MPEG. "About MPEG – Achievements". chiariglione.org. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  26. 1 2 MPEG. "Terms of Reference". chiariglione.org. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  27. 1 2 MPEG. "MPEG standards – Full list of standards developed or under development". chiariglione.org. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  28. MPEG. "MPEG technologies". chiariglione.org. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  29. ISO. "ISO/IEC TR 23000-1:2007 – Information technology – Multimedia application format (MPEG-A) – Part 1: Purpose for multimedia application formats". Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  30. ISO. "ISO/IEC 23001-1:2006 – Information technology – MPEG systems technologies – Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML". Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  31. ISO. "ISO/IEC 23002-1:2006 – Information technology – MPEG video technologies – Part 1: Accuracy requirements for implementation of integer-output 8x8 inverse discrete cosine transform". Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  32. ISO. "ISO/IEC 23003-1:2007 – Information technology – MPEG audio technologies – Part 1: MPEG Surround". Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  33. ISO. "ISO/IEC 23004-1:2007 – Information technology – Multimedia Middleware – Part 1: Architecture". Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  34. ISO. "ISO/IEC 29116-1:2008 – Information technology – Supplemental media technologies – Part 1: Media streaming application format protocols". Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  35. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 (2009-10-30). "MPEG-V (Media context and control)". Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  36. MPEG. "Working documents – MPEG-V (Information Exchange with Virtual Worlds)". chiariglione.org. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  37. 1 2 ISO. "ISO/IEC FDIS 23005-1 – Information technology – Media context and control – Part 1: Architecture". Retrieved 2011-01-28.
  38. Christian Timmerer; Jean Gelissen; Markus Waltl & Hermann Hellwagner, Interfacing with Virtual Worlds (PDF), retrieved 2009-12-29
  39. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 (2009-10-30). "MPEG-M (MPEG extensible middleware (MXM))". Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  40. MPEG. "MPEG Extensible Middleware (MXM)". Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  41. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (October 2008). "MPEG eXtensible Middleware Vision". ISO. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
  42. 1 2 ISO. "ISO/IEC FCD 23006-1 – Information technology – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) – Part 1: MXM architecture and technologies". Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  43. ISO. "ISO/IEC 23006-4 – Information technology – MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) – Part 4: MPEG extensible middleware (MXM) protocols". Retrieved 2011-01-28.
  44. 1 2 ISO. "ISO/IEC 23007-1 – Information technology – Rich media user interfaces – Part 1: Widgets". Retrieved 2011-01-28.
  45. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 (2009-10-30). "MPEG-U (Rich media user interfaces)". Retrieved 2009-11-01.
  46. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 (2009-11-05). "Programme of Work (Allocated to SC 29/WG 11)". Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  47. ISO. "JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information". Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  48. "ISO/IEC 23008-2:2013". International Organization for Standardization. 2013-11-25. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
  49. ISO. "International harmonized stage codes". Retrieved 2009-12-31.
  50. 1 2 ISO. "Stages of the development of International Standards". Retrieved 2009-12-31.
  51. "The ISO27k FAQ – ISO/IEC acronyms and committees". IsecT Ltd. Retrieved 2009-12-31.
  52. ISO (2007). "ISO/IEC Directives Supplement – Procedures specific to ISO" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-12-31.
  53. ISO (2007). "List of abbreviations used throughout ISO Online". Retrieved 2009-12-31.
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