List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow

Monogram of the current Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus', Kirill.
Church of the Twelve Apostles, Cathedral Square, Moscow Kremlin – cathedral church of the Patriarchs of Moscow.

The following is a list of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, spiritual heads of the Russian Orthodox Church, since 1308.

History

The history of the Russian Orthodox Church begins with the Christianization of Kievan Rus' at Kiev, the date of which is commonly given as 988; however, the evidence surrounding this event is contested. In 1316 the Metropolitan of Kiev changed his see to the city of Vladimir, and in 1322 moved again to Moscow. In 1589, the see was elevated to a Patriarchate. The Patriarchate was abolished by the Church reform of Peter the Great in 1721 and replaced by the Most Holy Governing Synod, and the Bishop of Moscow came to be called a Metropolitan again. The Patriarchate was restored in 1917 and suspended by the Soviet government in 1925. It was reintroduced for the last time in 1943, during World War II by the initiative of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

Metropolitans of Kiev and all Russia (permanent residence in Moscow, 1325–1461)

No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
1 St. Peter 1308–1326
Seat vacant 13261328
2 St. Theognostus 1328–1353
3 St. Alexius 1354–1378
Mikhail (Mityay) 1378–1379 Locum tenens
Seat vacant 13791381
4 St. Cyprian 1381–1382 First tenure
5 Pimen 1382–1384
6 St. Dionysius I 1384–1385
Seat vacant 13851390
St. Cyprian 1390–1406 Second tenure
Seat vacant 14061408
7 St. Photius 1408–1431
Seat vacant 14311433
8 Gerasim 1433–1435
9 Isidore 1436–1441
Seat vacant 14411448
10 St. Jonah 1448–1461

Metropolitans of Moscow and all Russia (1461–1589)

No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
1 Theodosius 1461–1464
2 Philip I 1464–1473
3 Gerontius 1473–1489
4 Zosimus 1490–1494
5 Simon 1495–1511
6 Varlaam 1511–1521
7 Daniel 1522–1539
8 Joasaphus 1539–1542
9 St. Macarius 1542–1563
10 Athanasius 1564–1566
11 St. Herman 1566
12 St. Philip II 1566–1568
13 Cyril III (IV) 1568–1572
14 Anthony 1572–1581
15 Dionysius II 1581–1587
16 St. Job 1587–1589 Elevated to Patriarch

Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia (1589–1721)

No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
1 St. Job 1589–1605
Ignatius 1605–1606 Not counted as legitimate by the
Russian Orthodox Church
2 St. Hermogenes 1606–1612
Seat vacant 16121619
3 Philaret 1619–1633
4 Joasaphus I 1634–1640
Seat vacant 16401642
5 Joseph 1642–1652
6 Nikon 1652–1658
Pitirim 1658–1667 First tenure; locum tenens
7 Joasaphus II 1667–1672
8 Pitirim 1672–1673 Second tenure
9 Joachim 1674–1690
10 Adrian 1690–1700
Stefan 1700–1721 Locum tenens

Metropolitans and archbishops of Moscow (1721–1917)

No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
1 Stefan 1721–1722
2 Theophan 1722–1736
Seat vacant 17361742
3 Joseph 1742–1745
4 Plato I 1745–1754
Hilarion 1754–1757 Coadjutor
5 Timothy 1757–1767
6 Ambrosius 1768–1771
Samoel 1771–1775 Coadjutor
7 Plato II 1775–1812
8 Avgustin 1812–1819
9 Seraphim 1819–1821
10 St. Philaret 1821–1867
11 St. Innocent 1868–1879
12 Macarius I 1879–1882
13 Joannicius 1882–1891
14 Leontius 1891–1893
15 Sergius I 1893–1898
16 St. Vladimir 1898–1912
17 St. Macarius II 1912–1917

Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia (restored, 1917–present)

No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
11 St. Tikhon 4 December 1917 7 April 1925
Seat vacant 19251943
12 Sergius I 12 September 1943 15 May 1944
13 Alexy I 4 February 1945 17 April 1970
14 Pimen I 3 June 1971 3 May 1990
15 Alexy II 10 June 1990 5 December 2008
16 Kirill I 1 February 2009 Incumbent

See also

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