List of Polish monarchs

Monarchy of Poland

Stanisław II Augustus
Details
Style Royal Majesty (HRM)[1]
Wasza Królewska Mość
Serene Reigning Majesty
Jaśnie Panujący Mości[2]
Grace (HG)
Wasza Miłość
Highness (HH)
Wasza Wysokość
First monarch Mieszko I
Last monarch Stanisław II Augustus
Formation ca. 960 (First Christian Monarch)
Abolition 7 January 1795
Residence Wawel Castle
Warsaw Castle
Wilanów Palace
Appointer Hereditary
Elective[3]
Pretender(s) none
Ruediger, Margrave of Meissen (disputed)
Alexander, Margrave of Meissen (disputed)
This list concerns the historical monarchs of Poland, from the Middle Ages to 1795. For presidents and other heads of state of Poland during the 20th and 21st centuries, see List of heads of state of Poland.

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 9th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th–18th centuries).

The birth of Poland as an independent nation coincides with the ascension of Duke Mieszko I[4] and adoption of Christianity under the authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son, Bolesław I the Brave, who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty Piast dynasty, consisting of both kings such as Mieszko II Lambert, Przemysł II or Władysław I the Elbow-high and dukes like Bolesław III Wrymouth. The dynasty ceased to exist with the death of Casimir III the Great in 1370. In the same year, the Capetian House of Anjou became the ruling house with Louis I as king of both Poland and Hungary. His daughter, Jadwiga, later married Jogaila, the pagan Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as Władysław II Jagiełło, thus creating the Jagiellonian dynasty and a personal union between Poland and Lithuania.

During the reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Sigismund I the Old culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the Polish Renaissance, continued until the Union of Lublin under Sigismund II Augustus, which unofficially marked the end of the Polish Golden Age. After the death of last Jagiellonian king, the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth became an elective monarchy with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as Henry III of France, who witnessed the introduction of Golden Liberty and Stephen Báthory, a great military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the Vasa dynasty initially expanded the Commonwealth, developing the arts and crafts, as well as trade and commerce. King Sigismund III Vasa, a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in the successful capture of Moscow and loss of Livonia to Sweden. His son, Władysław IV Vasa, fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until death, unlike John II Casimir whose tragic rule forced his abdication.

The election of John III Sobieski to the Polish throne was a great success. His brilliant military tactics led to the victory at Vienna in 1683 and partial recapture of land from the Ottoman Empire. However, the years that followed weren't as successful; the long and ineffective rule of the Wettin dynasty (Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of Saxony and the Russian Empire. Additional feud with rebelled nobility (szlachta) and most notably Stanisław I Leszczyński and France diminished the influence of Poland-Lithuania in the region. This led to the partitions that occurred under King Stanisław II Augustus, yet another enlightened, but ineffective monarch.

The last sovereign was Frederick Augustus I as Duke of Warsaw, who throughout his political career attempted at rehabilitating the Polish state. After Poland declared independence in 1918, the monarchy was abolished and a parliamentary republican authority was established.

Poland in the Early Middle Ages

See: Poland in the Early Middle Ages

Legendary rulers

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Lech I6th century6th century6th centuryLegendary founder of the Polish nationLechites (Tribe)
Krakus I
  • Krak
8th century8th century8th centuryLegendary founder of KrakówLechites (Tribe)
Krakus II
  • Krak II
8th century8th century8th centuryLegendary son and successor of KrakusLechites (Tribe)
Lech II8th century8th century8th centuryLegendary son of Krakus and successor of Krakus IILechites (Tribe)
Wanda
  • Wąda
8th century8th century8th centuryLegendary daughter of KrakusLechites (Tribe)

Semi-legendary rulers of the western Polans (Greater Poland)

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Leszko I
  • Leszek I
  • Duke
7th / 8th centuries7th / 8th centuries7th[5] / 8th centuriesA semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and PolansGoplans and Polans (Tribes)
Leszko II
  • Leszek II
  • Duke
8th century8th century8th centuryA semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and PolansPopielids
Leszko III
  • Leszek III
  • Duke
8th century8th century8th centuryA semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and PolansPopielids
Popiel I
  • Duke
8th century8th century8th centuryA semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and PolansPopielids
Popiel II
  • Duke
9th century9th century9th centuryA semi-legendary ruler of the West Slavic ("proto-Polish") tribe of Goplans and PolansPopielids

Piast Dynasty (Dukes of the Polans)

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Piast the Wheelwright
  • Polish: Piast Kołodziej
    Latin:
    Past Ckosisconis, Pazt filius Chosisconisu
  • Duke
9th century9th century9th centuryA legendary ruler of the Polans
Son of Chościsko, father of Siemowit
Founder of the Piast dynasty
Piast
Siemowit
  • Ziemowit
  • Duke
9th century9th century9th centurySon of Piast the Wheelwright and RzepichaPiast
Lestek
  • Leszek, Lestko
  • Duke
9th / 10th centuries9th / 10th centuries9th / 10th centuriesSon of SiemowitPiast
Siemomysł
  • Ziemomysł
  • Duke
10th century10th century10th centurySon of LestekPiast

Kingdom of Poland, 966–1569

Piast dukes and kings

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Mieszko I of Poland
  • Duke
ca. 940 – 25 May 992ca. 960992Son of Siemomysł
First Christian Polish monarch
Misico, dux Wandalorum
Piast
Bolesław I the Brave
  • Bolesław I the Great
    Polish:
    Bolesław I Chrobry (Wielki)
  • King
967 – 17 June 1025Duke: 992
King: 18 April 1025
Duke: 18 April 1025
King: 17 June 1025
Son of Mieszko I and Dobrawa of Bohemia
First to be crowned king
Regnum Sclavorum, Gothorum sive Polonorum
Piast
Mieszko II Lambert
  • King
ca. 990 – 10/11 May 103410251031Son of Bolesław I and Emnilda of LusatiaPiast
Bezprym
  • Duke
ca. 986–103210311032Son of Bolesław I and Judith of HungaryPiast
Otto Bolesławowic
  • Duke
1000–103310321032Son of Bolesław I and EmnildaPiast
Dytryk
  • Theoderick
  • Duke
after 992 – after 103210321032 /1033Grandson of Mieszko I and Oda of HaldenslebenPiast
Mieszko II Lambert
  • Duke
ca. 990 – 10/11 May 103410321034RestoredPiast
Bolesław the Forgotten
  • Polish: Bolesław Zapomniany
  • Duke
before 1016 – 1038 or 103910341038 /1039Semi-legendary, existence disputedPiast
Casimir I the Restorer
  • Polish: Kazimierz I Odnowiciel
  • Duke
(1016-06-25)25 June 1016 – 28 November 1058(1058-11-28) (aged 42)10391058Son of Mieszko II and Richeza of LotharingiaPiast
Bolesław II the Generous
  • Polish: Bolesław II Szczodry
  • King
ca. 1041 or 1042 – 2 or 3 April 1081 or 1082Duke: 1058
King: 1076
Duke: 1076
King: 1079
Son of Kazimierz I and Maria Dobroniega of KievPiast
Władysław I Herman
  • Duke
ca. 1044 – 4 June 110210791102Son of Kazimierz I and Maria DobroniegaPiast
Zbigniew
  • Zbygniew
  • Duke
ca. 1073 – 8 July 111311021107Son of Władysław I and Przecława of Prawdzic coat of arms (disputed)
First jointly with Władysław I 1098-1102
Piast
Bolesław III Wrymouth
  • Polish: Bolesław III Krzywousty
  • Duke
(1086-08-20)20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138(1138-10-28) (aged 52)11071138Son of Władysław I and Judith of Bohemia
First jointly with Władysław 1098-1102
Introduced senioral principle
Piast

Fragmentation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1138–1314

See also: Fragmentation of the realm and Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth

Piast high dukes

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Władysław II the Exile
  • Polish: Władysław II Wygnaniec
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
1105 – 30 May 115911381146Son of Bolesław III and Zbyslava of Kiev
Also Duke of Silesia
Exiled by his brothers
Piast
Bolesław IV the Curly
  • Polish: Bolesław Kędzierzawy
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1125 – 5 January 117311461173Son of Bolesław III and Salomea of Berg
Also Duke of Masovia
Piast
Mieszko III the Old
  • Polish: Mieszko III Stary
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1127 – 13 March 120211731177Son of Bolesław III and Salomea
Also Duke of Greater Poland
Piast
Casimir II the Just
  • Polish: Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1138 – 5 May 119411771190Son of Bolesław III and Salomea
Also Duke of Wiślica and Sandomierz
Piast
Mieszko III the Old
  • Polish: Mieszko III Stary
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1127 – 13 March 120211901190RestoredPiast
Casimir II the Just
  • Polish: Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1138 – 5 May 119411901194RestoredPiast
Leszek I the White
  • Polish: Leszek Biały
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1186 – 24 November 122711941198Son of Casimir II and Helen of Znojmo
Also Duke of Sandomierz
Piast
Mieszko III the Old
  • Polish: Mieszko III Stary
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1127 – 13 March 120211981199RestoredPiast
Leszek I the White
  • Polish: Leszek Biały
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1186 – 24 November 122711991199RestoredPiast
Mieszko III the Old
  • Polish: Mieszko III Stary
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1127 – 13 March 120211991202RestoredPiast
Władysław III Spindleshanks
  • Polish: Władysław III Laskonogi
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1161/66 – 3 November 123112021202Son of Mieszko III and Eudoxia of Kiev
Also Duke of Greater Poland
Piast
Leszek I the White
  • Polish: Leszek Biały
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1186 – 24 November 122712021210RestoredPiast
Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
  • Polish: Mieszko I Plątonogi
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1130 – 16 May 121112101211Son of Władysław II and Agnes of Babenberg
Also Duke of Silesia
Piast
Leszek I the White
  • Polish: Leszek Biały
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1186 – 24 November 122712111225RestoredPiast
Henryk I the Bearded
  • Polish: Henryk I Brodaty
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1165 – 19 March 123812251225Grandson of Władysław II, son of Bolesław I the Tall and Krystyna
Also Duke of Silesia
Piast
Leszek I the White
  • Polish: Leszek Biały
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1186 – 24 November 122712251227Restored
Assassinated
Piast
Władysław III Spindleshanks
  • Polish: Władysław III Laskonogi
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1161/66 – 3 November 123112271229RestoredPiast
Konrad I of Masovia
  • Polish: Konrad I Mazowiecki
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 124712291232Son of Kazimierz II and Helen of Znojmo
Also Duke of Masovia
Piast
Henryk I the Bearded
  • Polish: Henryk I Brodaty
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1165 – 19 March 123812321238RestoredPiast
Henryk II the Pious
  • Polish: Henryk II Pobożny
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1196 – 9 April 124112381241Son of Henry I and Saint Hedwig of Andechs (Saint Hedwig of Silesia)
Slso Duke of Wroclaw and Greater Poland
Fell at Battle of Legnica
Piast
Bolesław II the Horned
  • Bolesław II Rogatka
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1220–122512411241Son of Henry II and Anne of Bohemia
Also Duke of Silesia
Piast
Konrad I of Masovia
  • Polish: Konrad I Mazowiecki
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 124712411243RestoredPiast
Bolesław V the Chaste
  • Polish: Bolesław Wstydliwy
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
21 June 1226 – 7 December 127912431279Son of Leszek the White and Grzymislawa of LuckPiast
Leszek II the Black
  • Polish: Leszek Czarny
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1241 – 30 September 128812791288Paternal grandson of Konrad I of Masovia
Maternal grandson of Henry II
Son of Casimir I of Kuyavia and Constance of Wrocław
Piast
Bolesław II of Masovia
  • Boleslaw II of Płock
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1251 – 20 April 131312881288Grandson of Konrad I of Masovia
Duke of Masovia
Piast
Henryk IV Probus
  • Polish: Henryk IV Prawy
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1257/58 – 23 June 129012881289Paternal grandson of Henryk II
Maternal grandson of Konrad I
Son of Henry III the White and Judyta of Masovia
Duke of Lower Silesia
Piast
Bolesław II of Masovia
  • Boleslaw II of Płock
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1251 – 20 April 131312891289RestoredPiast
Władysław I the Elbow-high
  • Polish: Władysław I Łokietek
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
1261 – 2 March 133312891289Grandson of Konrad I of Masovia
Son of Kazimierz I of Kujawia and Euphrosyne of Opole
Piast
Henryk IV Probus
  • Polish: Henryk IV Prawy
  • High Duke
    Supreme Prince
ca. 1257/58 – 23 June 129012891290RestoredPiast

Reunification attempts in the Kingdom of Poland 1232–1305

Piast kings
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Przemysł II
  • Premyslas, Premislaus
  • King
(1257-10-14)14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296(1296-02-08) (aged 38)High Duke: 1290
King: 1295
High Duke: 1291
King: 1296
Grandson of Henryk II
Son of Przemysł I and Elisabeth of Wrocław
Also Duke of Poznań, Greater Poland and Pomerania
Piast
Přemyslid kings
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
  • Polish: Wacław II Czeski
  • King
(1271-09-27)27 September 1271 – 21 June 1305(1305-06-21) (aged 33)High Duke: 1291
King: 1300
High Duke: 1300
King: 1305
Son of Ottokar II of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Slavonia
Married Przemysł II's daughter Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
Also King of Bohemia
Přemyslid
Wenceslaus III of Bohemia
(1289-10-06)6 October 1289 – 4 August 1306(1306-08-04) (aged 16)13051306Son of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Habsburg
Uncrowned
Assassinated
Přemyslid

Reunited Kingdom of Poland, 1314–1569

Piast kings

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Władysław I the Elbow-high
  • Polish: Władysław I Łokietek
  • King
1261 – 2 March 133313201333Restored
Re-united the Kingdom of Poland
Piast
Casimir III the Great
  • Polish: Kazimierz III Wielki
  • King
(1310-04-30)30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370(1370-11-05) (aged 60)13331370Son of Władysław I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Kalisz
Regarded as one of the greatest Polish monarchs
Piast

Anjou kings

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Louis I of Hungary
  • Polish: Ludwik Węgierski
  • King
(1326-03-05)5 March 1326 – 10 September 1382(1382-09-10) (aged 56)13701382Son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland
Nephew of Casimir III
Elected king and crowned on 17 November
Also King of Hungary
Anjou
Jadwiga of Poland
1373/4 – 17 July 139916 October 138417 July 1399Daughter of Louis I and Elizabeth of Bosnia
Crowned "king", 1384
Reigned jointly with her husband
Władysław II Jagiełło from 1386
Anjou

Jagiellonian kings

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Władysław II Jagiełło
  • King
ca. 1351/1362 – 1 June 1434(1434-06-01)4 March 13861 June 1434Son of Algirdas of Lithuania and Uliana of Tver
Grand Duke of Lithuania, 1377-1434
Reigned jointly with his wife Jadwiga till 1399
The longest-reigning King of Poland
Jagiellonian
Władysław III of Poland
  • Władysław III of Varna, Władysław Warneńczyk
  • King
(1424-10-31)31 October 1424 – 10 November 1444(1444-11-10) (aged 20)25 July 143410 November 1444Son of Władysław II Jagiełło and Sophia of Halshany
Also king of Hungary, as Ulászló I
Fell at Battle of Varna, in Bulgaria, hence called "of Varna"
Jagiellonian
Casimir IV Jagiellon
  • Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk
  • King
(1427-11-30)30 November 1427 - 7 June 1492(1492-06-07) (aged 64)25 June 14477 June 1492Son of Władysław II and Sophia of Halshany
Also Grand Duke of Lithuania, 1440–92
His successful reign ended in the final destruction of the Teutonic Knights
Jagiellonian
John I Albert
  • Jan I Olbracht
  • King
(1459-12-27)27 December 1459 – 17 June 1501(1501-06-17) (aged 41)23 September 149216 June 1501Son of Casimir IV and Elisabeth of AustriaJagiellonian
Alexander I Jagiellon
  • Aleksander I Jagiellończyk
  • King
(1461-08-05)5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506(1506-08-19) (aged 45)12 December 150119 August 1506Son of Casimir IV and Elisabeth of Austria
Also Grand Duke of Lithuania 1492-1506
Jagiellonian
Sigismund I the Old
  • Zygmunt I Stary
  • King
(1467-01-01)1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548(1548-04-01) (aged 81)8 December 15061 April 1548Son of Casimir IV and Elisabeth of Austria
Also Grand Duke of Lithuania
Forced Prussian Homage in 1525
Annexed Duchy of Masovia in 1526
Entered alliance with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Jagiellonian
Sigismund II Augustus
  • Zygmunt II August
  • King
(1520-08-01)1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572(1572-07-07) (aged 51)1 April 15487 July 1572Son of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza
Also Grand Duke of Lithuania
Replaced the personal union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a real union and an elective monarchy (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) in 1569
Jagiellonian

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Henry de Valois
  • Henryk Walezy
  • King
(1551-09-19)19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589(1589-08-02) (aged 37)21 February 157412 May 1575Son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici
Abandoned the Polish throne three months after his coronation in order to become King of France
Valois
Anna
  • Anna Jagiellonka
  • King[8]
(1523-10-18)18 October 1523 – 9 September 1596(1596-09-09) (aged 72)15 December 157512 December 1586Daughter of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza
Reigned together with her husband Stephen Báthory
Jagiellonian
Stephen Báthory
  • Stefan Batory
  • King
(1533-09-27)27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586(1586-12-12) (aged 53)15 December 157512 December 1586Son of Stephen VIII Báthory and Catherine Telegdi
Prince of Transylvania
Reigned together with his wife Anna
Báthory
Sigismund III
  • Zygmunt III Waza
  • King
20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632(1632-04-30) (aged 65)18 September 158719 April 1632Grandson of Sigismund I
Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon
Also King of Sweden 1592-1599, titular King 1599–1632
During his reign Polish troops captured Moscow
Moved capital from Kraków to Warsaw
Vasa
Władysław IV
  • Władysław IV Waza
  • King
9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648(1648-05-20) (aged 52)8 November 163220 May 1648Son of Sigismund III and Anne of Austria
Titular Tsar of Russia 1610–1634, titular King of Sweden 1632–1648
Vasa
John II Casimir
  • Jan II Kazimierz
  • King
(1609-03-22)22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672(1672-12-16) (aged 63)20 November 164816 September 1668Son of Sigismund III and Constance of Austria
Titular King of Sweden 1648-1660
Abdicated
Vasa
Michael I
  • Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
  • King
(1640-05-31)May 31, 1640 – November 10, 1673(1673-11-10) (aged 33)19 June 166910 November 1673Son of a successful but controversial military commander, Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, and Gryzelda Konstancja ZamoyskaWiśniowiecki
John III
  • Jan III Sobieski
  • King
(1629-08-17)17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696(1696-06-17) (aged 66)21 May 167417 June 1696Son of Jakub Sobieski and Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz
Most famous for his brilliant victory over the Turks at the Battle of Vienna in 1683
Sobieski
Augustus II the Strong
  • August II Mocny
  • King
(1670-05-12)12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733(1733-02-01) (aged 62)15 September 169716 February 1704 (deposed)
24 September 1706 (abdicates)
Son of John George III and Anna Sophie of Denmark
Elector of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I, 1694–1733
Wettin
Stanisław I
  • Stanisław I Leszczyński
  • King
(1677-10-20)20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766(1766-02-23) (aged 88)4 October 17058 August 1709Son of Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Jabłonowska
Yielded to Augustus II
Leszczyński
Augustus II the Strong
  • August II Mocny
  • King
(1670-05-12)12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733(1733-02-01) (aged 62)8 August 17091 February 1733RestoredWettin
Stanisław I
  • Stanisław I Leszczyński
  • King
(1677-10-20)20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766(1766-02-23) (aged 88)12 September 173330 June 1734
(deposed)
27 January 1736
(abdicates)
Restored
Defeated in War of the Polish Succession
Became Duke of Lorraine until his death
Leszczyński
Augustus III
  • August III Sas
  • King
17 October 1696 – 5 October 1763(1763-10-05) (aged 66)17 January 1734
(in opposition)
30 June 1734
(effectively)
5 October 1763Son of Augustus II and Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-BayreuthWettin
Stanisław II Augustus
  • Stanisław August Poniatowski
  • King
(1732-01-17)17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798(1798-02-12) (aged 66)25 November 17647 January 1795Son of Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska
Forced to abdicate when the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (the Polish Republic since May 3, 1791) ceased to exist
Poniatowski

Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Frederick Augustus I
  • Fryderyk August I
  • Duke
(1750-12-23)23 December 1750 – 5 May 1827(1827-05-05)9 June 180722 May 1815Son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria
Duke of Warsaw
Wettin

Pretenders to the Polish throne

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Piast period10th century 1385
Jagiellonian period13851572
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Not recognized royal elections

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. It was not allowed to use abbreviations and acronyms
  2. In the 17th century and later Poland was usually known as the Most Serene Republic of Poland (Polish: Najjaśniejsza Rzeczpospolita Polska, Latin: Serenissima Res Publica Poloniae).
  3. Since 1574
  4. http://www.ampolinstitute.org/pdf/Polish-Kings.pdf
  5. dated around 700 by Marcin Bielski
  6. Uncrowned - also considered titular King of Poland
  7. Jadwiga was crowned King of Poland — Hedvig Rex Poloniæ, not Hedvig Regina Poloniæ. Polish law had no provision for a female ruler (queen regnant), but did not specify that the monarch had to be male. The masculine gender of her title was also meant to emphasize that she was monarch in her own right, not a queen consort.
  8. Anna was crowned King of Poland
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