Mobile ad hoc network

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET), also known as wireless ad hoc network[1] or ad hoc wireless network, is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected wirelessly.[2]

Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. Each must forward traffic unrelated to its own use, and therefore be a router. The primary challenge in building a MANET is equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic.[3] Such networks may operate by themselves or may be connected to the larger Internet. They may contain one or multiple and different transceivers between nodes. This results in a highly dynamic, autonomous topology.[4]

MANETs are a kind of wireless ad hoc network (WANET) that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network. MANETs consist of a peer-to-peer, self-forming, self-healing network. MANETs circa 2000-2015 typically communicate at radio frequencies (30 MHz - 5 GHz)

The growth of laptops and 802.11/Wi-Fi wireless networking have made MANETs a popular research topic since the mid-1990s. Many academic papers evaluate protocols and their abilities, assuming varying degrees of mobility within a bounded space, usually with all nodes within a few hops of each other. Different protocols are then evaluated based on measures such as the packet drop rate, the overhead introduced by the routing protocol, end-to-end packet delays, network throughput, ability to scale, etc.

Types

Applications

Mobile ad hoc networks can be used in many applications, ranging from sensors for environment, vehicular ad hoc communications, road safety, health, home, peer-to-peer messaging, disaster rescue operations, air/land/navy defense, weapons, robots, etc. See the application section in wireless ad hoc networks.

Simulations

There are several ways to study MANETs. One solution is the use of simulation tools like OPNET, NetSim, NS2, OMNeT++ and NS3. A comparative study[7] of various simulators for VANETs reveal that factors such as constrained road topology, multi-path fading and roadside obstacles, traffic flow models, trip models, varying vehicular speed and mobility, traffic lights, traffic congestion, drivers' behavior, etc., have to be taken into consideration in the simulation process to reflect realistic conditions.

Data monitoring and mining

MANETS can be used for facilitating the collection of sensor data for data mining for a variety of applications such as air pollution monitoring and different types of architectures can be used for such applications.[8] It should be noted that a key characteristic of such applications is that nearby sensor nodes monitoring an environmental feature typically register similar values. This kind of data redundancy due to the spatial correlation between sensor observations inspires the techniques for in-network data aggregation and mining. By measuring the spatial correlation between data sampled by different sensors, a wide class of specialized algorithms can be developed to develop more efficient spatial data mining algorithms as well as more efficient routing strategies.[9] Also, researchers have developed performance models[10][11] for MANET by applying queueing theory.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Wireless ATM & Ad Hoc Networks, 1997, Kluwer Academic Press".
  2. ↑ Chai Keong Toh (2002). "Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems 1st Edition". Prentice Hall PTR. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  3. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Morteza_Mohammadi_Zanjireh/publication/257373717_ANCH_A_New_Clustering_Algorithm_for_Wireless_Sensor_Networks/links/0c960529efd0d2dbed000000.pdf
  4. ↑ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6550437&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6550437
  5. ↑ ""Emergency Services in Future Intelligent Transportation Systems Based on Vehicular Communication Networks" - by Martinez, Toh, Cano, Calafate, Manzoni, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, 2010".
  6. ↑ "Next Generation Tactical Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks" - by Toh, Lee, Ramos, TRW Systems Technology Journal, 2002.".
  7. ↑ ""A survey and comparative study of simulators for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)" - by Martinez, Toh, Cano, et. al., Wireless Communications Journal, 2009".
  8. ↑ Ma, Y.; Richards, M.; Ghanem, M.; Guo, Y.; Hassard, J. (2008). "Air Pollution Monitoring and Mining Based on Sensor Grid in London". Sensors. 8 (6): 3601. doi:10.3390/s8063601.
  9. ↑ Ma, Y.; Guo, Y.; Tian, X.; Ghanem, M. (2011). "Distributed Clustering-Based Aggregation Algorithm for Spatial Correlated Sensor Networks". IEEE Sensors Journal. 11 (3): 641. doi:10.1109/JSEN.2010.2056916.
  10. ↑ Kleinrock, Leonard (1975). "Packet Switching in Radio Channels: Part I--Carrier Sense Multiple-Access Modes and Their Throughput-Delay Characteristics".
  11. ↑ Shi, Zhefu; Beard, Cory; Mitchell, Ken (2008). "Tunable traffic control for multihop CSMA networks".

Further reading

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