Mizu shōbai

Mizu-shōbai (水商売), literally the water trade, is the traditional euphemism for the nighttime entertainment business in Japan, provided by hostess or snack bars, bars, and cabarets. Kabuki-chō in Shinjuku, Tokyo is Japan's most famous area where one can patronize the water trade, as well as its more carnal counterpart fūzoku (風俗)—the sex industry composed of soaplands, pink salons, health, and image clubs.

While the actual origin of the term mizu-shōbai[1] is debatable, it is likely the term came into use during the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868).[2] The Tokugawa period saw the development of large bathhouses and an expansive network of roadside inns offering "hot baths and sexual release",[3] as well as the expansion of geisha districts and courtesan quarters in cities and towns throughout the country. Bearing relation to the pleasure-seeking aspects of ukiyo (浮世, with its antithetical homophone 憂世 "sorrowful cycle of existence"), or "the floating world", mizu-shōbai is a metaphor for floating, drinking, and the impermanence of life, akin to the Western expression: "Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die" (Isaiah 22:13).[4]

According to one theory proposed by the Nihon Gogen Daijiten,[5] the term comes from the Japanese expression "Gain or loss is a matter of chance" (勝負は水物だ, shōbu wa mizumono da), where the literal meaning of the phrase "matter of chance", mizumono (水物), is "a matter of water". In the entertainment business, income depends on a large number of fickle factors like popularity among customers, the weather, the state of the economy; success and failure change as rapidly as the flow of water. The Nihon Zokugo Daijiten,[6] on the other hand, notes that the term may derive from the expression doromizu-kagyō (泥水稼業), lit. "muddy water earning business", for earning a living in the red-light districts or from the Edo-era expression mizuchaya (水茶屋) for a public teahouse.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Tokyo 1991, ISBN 4-7674-2015-6
  2. ↑ De Mente, Boyé Lafayette. "Selling sex in a glass! — Japan's pleasure trades". Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  3. ↑ Appleyard, David V. ""Selling sex in a glass - Japan's pleasure trades"". davidappleyard.com. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
  4. ↑ "浮世（うきよ） - 語源由来辞典". Gogen-allguide.com. 2016-05-19. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
  5. ↑ 前田富祺(編)『日本語源大辞典』(小学館)ISBN 4095011815。
  6. ↑ 米川明彦(編)『日本俗語大辞典』(東京堂出版) ISBN 4490106386 参照。
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