Mill Hill

Mill Hill
A sign marking Mill Hill Village
Mill Hill
Mill Hill shown within Greater London
Population	18,451 (2011 Census. Ward)[1]
OS grid reference	TQ225925
• Charing Cross	9 mi (14.5 km) SES
London borough	Barnet
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LONDON
Postcode district	NW7
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
EU Parliament	London
UK Parliament	Hendon
London Assembly	Barnet and Camden

Mill Hill is a suburb in the London Borough of Barnet, England. It is an area situated nine miles (14.3 km) north west of Charing Cross. Mill Hill was in the historic county of Middlesex until it was absorbed by London. Mill Hill consists of several distinct parts: the original Mill Hill Village; the later-developed but now main hub of the area at Mill Hill Broadway; and the area around Mill Hill East. A further area at the western edge of the suburb, The Hale, is on the borders of Mill Hill and Edgware, and is partly in each.

History

Carl Zeiss outlet in Mill Hill in 1894

The area's name was first recorded as Myllehill in 1547 and appears to mean "hill with a windmill".^[2] However, the workings of the original Mill are in the building adjacent to The Mill Field. Mill Hill Village is the oldest known inhabited part of the district, a ribbon development along a medieval route called 'The Ridgeway'. It is thought that the name 'Mill Hill' may be derived from a mill on The Ridgeway, built on an area of open ground (now a park) known as The Mill Field. The village is bounded on the north and the south by Green Belt land, and its High Street, at 100 yards, is the shortest in London. The area's proximity to the city made it popular as a country retreat from the 17th century onwards, and large houses and quaint cottages survive. William Wilberforce (MP, and abolitionist of the slave trade) and Sir Stamford Raffles (founder of colonial Singapore) both briefly resided here, the former being the patron of Mill Hill’s first church, Saint Paul’s. As late as 1960 five shops existed in the Village (Griffin's sub-Post Office, The Blenheim Steps, Cook & Son (sweets and groceries), Hawes Brothers (grocers) and Vincett's (butchers)) but although the buildings survive, they have all since been converted into private houses, as the retail focus in the area shifted to Mill Hill Broadway. As of February 2011, the only places in Mill Hill Village where money can be spent are The Three Hammers and Adam & Eve pubs and Belmont Farm (which includes the Waffle Café).

Military

Inglis Barracks at Mill Hill East was home to the Middlesex Regiment between 1905 and 1966. The 1941 reopening of the railway station, under war-time conditions, was to allow easy access to the barracks.

Situated along Partingdale Lane is Seafield House. Now a private home, it was originally designed and operated as a nuclear bunker to house and protect the 'London North Group' emergency regional government between about 1951 and 1985.

Governance

Mill Hill was part of the ancient civil parish of Hendon within the historic county boundaries of Middlesex. Mill Hill as part of Municipal Borough of Hendon was merged into the London Borough of Barnet in Greater London in 1965.^[3] Mill Hill is one of 21 electoral wards in the borough. This ward has 3 out of the 63 seats on the Barnet Council.^[4]

Mill Hill was in the parliamentary constituency of Hendon which was created in 1918. This lasted until 1945 when the constituency was split in two, Mill Hill in Hendon North. In 1997, the Hendon constituency was recreated. From then, until he lost his seat to the Conservative candidate, Matthew Offord, in the 2010 General Election, Hendon was represented in the House of Commons by the Labour MP, Andrew Dismore.^[5]

Geography

Mill Hill's postal address is London NW7 (which also covers part of Arkley).

Mill Hill Village

The village is a ribbon development along The Ridgeway. It has green belt either side.

"Partingdale" and "Burtonhole" form a distinct valley north of The Ridgeway. North is Folly Farm and Folly Brook, a tributary of the Dollis Brook, running west to east. Between The Ridgeway and Folly Brook are the National Institute for Medical Research, Burtonhole Farm, a garden centre called Finchley Nurseries, and several sports grounds.

Arrandene Open Space and Featherstone Hill is a large open space which is bordered by Wise Lane, Wills Grove, Milespit Hill and The Ridgeway. While there are many open spaces in the area, Arrandene is unique because of its many open fields, meadows and woodland. The open fields were originally hay meadows which provided feed for the horses pulling carriages north to Barnet and beyond.

On Milespit Hill, there is a non-denominational Mill Hill Cemetery, formerly known as the "Paddington District Cemetery". The 1960s pop singer Billy Fury is buried there. The cemetery also contains 53 Second World War Commonwealth war graves and The Netherlands Field of Honour, which contains the graves of more than 250 servicemen of the Netherlands, many of them having been brought to the cemetery from other United Kingdom burial grounds.

To the southwest of Mill Hill Village is a small suburban district called "Poets' Corner", and to the north an old estate, now a nature reserve, Moat Mount Open Space.

Mill Hill Broadway towards Mill Hill Circus

Mill Hill Broadway

The modern-day centre of Mill Hill is at Mill Hill Broadway (previously known as Lawrence Street). This is a suburban district which developed from the 1890s onwards, and especially in the early part of the 20th century, after the arrival of the Midland Railway station in 1868. The Broadway itself is now an important local retail area with numerous shops and cafes and transport links.

Mill Hill East

Bittacy Hill looking towards Holders Hill Circus

Parts of the eastern side of Mill Hill have recently undergone redevelopment, with the old gas works replaced by a Waitrose supermarket and housing developments. The small local retail area at Mill Hill East is at "Kelly’s Corner" (officially Holders Hill Circus) east of the station. To the south of Mill Hill East are Copthall and Holders Hill.

The United Kingdom / Carl Zeiss / Bausch & Lomb Optical Works was established at the top of Bittacy Hill in 1912 and demolished about 1990, to be replaced by a large building owned by the Jehovah's Witnesses, to complement their nearby Watchtower House built on the site of the former Bittacy House.

Demography

As of the 2011 census, 64% of the population is white (49% British, 13% Other, 2% Irish). 7% was Indian and 6% Other Asian and Black African each. Religiously, 39% was Christian, 19% Jewish, 14% irreligious, and 12% Muslim.^[6]

Geography

Neighbouring areas

Transport

1930 OS map, showing Mill Hill to the east and in the centre, and Edgware to the west. The east-west railway line to the west of Mill Hill East station, on the right, was completely closed in 1964, and some sections of the track bed have since been built on. Inglis Barracks is at the top-right.

Tube/Rail

Stations in the area are:

• Mill Hill Broadway Station (Thameslink (Govia Thameslink Railway Ltd))
• Mill Hill East station (Northern line)

The area was also served by another smaller station, Mill Hill (The Hale), opened by the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway in 1867, but passenger services ended in 1939, and freight traffic in 1964.

The branch was opened in 1867 as part of the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway, which also built the attractive Dollis Brook Viaduct to the east of the station. It originally continued west to Edgware and east to the Great Northern main line at Finsbury Park station, following the present Northern line route as far as Highgate.

In 1935, as part of the London Transport New Works Programme, plans were announced to modernise and electrify the railway and transfer it to the London Underground. Work was started, and steam passenger services between Edgware and Finchley Central were withdrawn in September 1939 to facilitate it. However, World War II soon caused the project to be cut short. The Finchley Central – Mill Hill East section had wartime priority (due to the Inglis Barracks) and was completed in 1941, but the plans to complete the modernisation and restart passenger services to Edgware were never resumed and were abandoned in 1950.

Steam freight trains continued to run between Finchley and Edgware until 1964; the track beyond Mill Hill East was lifted the following year. Although partly built over, including by the M1 motorway, most of the old track bed has become a footpath, and decaying 1930s concrete infrastructure, never used, can still be seen.

Buses

London Buses serving Mill Hill are:

Road

The A1 and A41 converge as they enter Mill Hill at Fiveways Corner, this section is known as the Watford Way. The dual carriageway passes through Mill Hill, and the routes diverge at Apex Corner (officially Northway Circus). The M1 motorway was built through the western part of Mill Hill in 1967. There is a disused southbound exit slip road which passes under the Watford Way and which covers part of the old railway between Mill Hill East and Edgware Town.

Development

Mill Hill East has been designated by the Mayor of London in his London Plan as a 'proposed area of intensification', in and around the Inglis Barracks site. As a result, Barnet Council designated the 'Mill Hill East Area Action Plan' (AAP) and carried out public consultation events. An at-times noisy 'examination in public',^[7] to test the ‘soundness’ of the Council's submitted AAP proposals, was held in October 2008, conducted by the Planning Inspectorate, and the subsequent report broadly agreed with the Council's plans.

Representations were made to the Planning Inspectorate to reopen the railway line from Mill Hill East station to the west.^[8]

A small victory for local protesters was that the report reaffirmed that a local closed road, Sanders Lane, would not be reopened for traffic, if only because the road was outside the AAP boundary (this had already conceded by the council) and would need separate consideration. However, speakers at the enquiry drew attention to the 'co-incidence' that a collector road proposed in the AAP^[9] happened to meet the main road (Bittacy Hill) exactly opposite the short section of Sanders Lane still open to traffic. They suggested to the inspector that it was no coincidence at all, but the matter was left unresolved. The inspector stated in his report of December 2008:^[10]

The amended AAP was formally adopted by the Council on 27 January 2009.^[11]

Education

School House at Mill Hill School

Infant and junior schools

• Courtland, a mixed community school^[12]
• Deansbrook Infant, mixed community school^[12]
• Deansbrook Junior, mixed community school^[12]
• Dollis Infant, a mixed community school^[12]
• Dollis Junior, a mixed foundation school^[12]
• Fairway, a mixed community school^[12]
• Grimsdell, an independent co-educational pre-preparatory school run by Mill Hill School Foundation^[13]
• Mathilda Marks Kennedy, a mixed Jewish voluntary aided school^[12]
• St. Martin's, an independent co-educational preparatory school^[14]
• St. Paul's CE a mixed, voluntary aided school^[12]
• St. Vincent's Catholic Primary School^[15]
• Etz Chaim Primary School, Free school

Secondary schools

• Copthall School, a community girls school^[16]
• Mill Hill County High School, a mixed foundation school^[16]

Independent schools

• Belmont, the preparatory school within the Mill Hill School Foundation^[17]
• Mill Hill, an independent boarding and day school^[18]

Invention and discovery

University of London Observatory

In 1749 the botanist Peter Collinson inherited an estate which is now part of Mill Hill School, here he created a botanical garden.^[19] The lexicographer James Murray started work on the first Oxford English Dictionary in 1879, whilst teaching at Mill Hill School. He had a building built in the school grounds to house the quotation slips and his small editorial staff. Murray called this building his scriptorium, when the project moved to Oxford the building was used by the school as a reading room.^[20]

During the Second World War the Maudsley Hospital moved to the evacuated Mill Hill School as the Mill Hill Emergency Hospital. Here John C. Raven developed a verbal intelligence test called the Mill Hill Vocabulary scale.^[21]

University of London Observatory is a teaching astronomical observatory which is part of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at University College London. It is situated on the A41 Watford Way, southeast of The Broadway. The Observatory was opened on 8 October 1929 by the Astronomer Royal Frank Watson Dyson. In 2009, student astronomers at the observatory tracked the extrasolar planet HD 80606 b and for the first time accurately calculated its size.^[22]

The National Institute for Medical Research is a large medical research facility situated on the Ridgeway. Researchers at the Institute have, amongst other achievements, developed liquid and gas chromatography, discovered interferon and also discovered the sex determining gene SRY.^[23]

Religious sites

There are several religious institutions along the Ridgeway, including:

• The Missionary Institute (which was present on the Ridgeway until 2007)
• Holcombe House (part of the Institute)
• the motherhouse of the British Province of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul
• until 2007, Saint Joseph's College, a large seminary.
• The Jehovah's Witnesses have had a centre since 1958, and they redeveloped the Carl Zeiss optical works to become the International Bible Students' Association in 1988.
• The Brotherhood of the Cross and Star, an African church next to the Village Pond at the junction of Milespit Hill, High Street and The Ridgeway, occupying the former Methodist Church.
• Mill Hill Synagogue is located near Mill Hill Broadway station. The Synagogue joined the United Synagogue as an affiliated synagogue in 1950.
• John Keble Church, Mill Hill

Public services

Veolia Water Central Limited formerly Three Valleys Water supplies Mill Hill's water.^[24] EDF Energy Networks is the Distribution network operator licensed to distribute electricity from the transmission grid to homes and businesses in Mill Hill. On Partingdale Lane there is a large electrical station, built in 1961. The station is served by very high voltage cables underground along Totteridge Valley. The proposed above-ground pylons and cables were rejected after a high-profile residents' campaign. British Gas had a large gasworks at Mill Hill East with two Gasometers, now replaced with housing and shops.

Notable people

The racing driver Graham Hill lived at Mill Hill for much of his adult life, as of course did his son Damon Hill. The botanist Peter Collinson and the English traveller Celia Fiennes. The playwright and novelist Michael Frayn was born in Mill Hill. The actor Patrick Troughton, best known as the second Doctor from Doctor Who, was born in Mill Hill.^[25] The founder of Singapore Sir Stamford Raffles, the abolitionist William Wilberforce, and the parliamentarian John Wilkes.^[26] In 2010 The X Factor contestants took up residence.^[27] The Franciscan Sister, Teresa Kearney worked in St. Mary's Abbey in Mill Hill. The actress Angharad Rees lived at 13 Engel Park for the first two years of her life. Radio 1 DJ Dev was born and grew up in Mill Hill and attended the nearby Ravenscroft School in Totteridge. Actor Graham Crowden lived in Mill Hill towards the end of his life.

Sporting clubs

The local ladies hockey club is Hendon & Mill Hill Hockey Club.

References

External links

• Mill Hill Preservation Society
• Mill Hill Residents Association