MILGEM project

TCG Heybeliada in the Mediterranean Sea
Class overview
Name:	Ada class
Builders:	Istanbul Naval Shipyard
Operators:	Turkish Navy
Subclasses:	TF-100 class
Built:	2005–present
In service:	2011–present
Building:	1
Planned:	12
Completed:	4
Active:	2
Laid up:	4
General characteristics
Type:	Patrol and anti-submarine warfare[1] Corvette (Ada class) Frigate (TF-100 class) Frigate (TF-2000 class)
Displacement:	2,400 tonnes for Ada class 3,000 tonnes for İ class
Length:	99.56 m (326 ft 8 in) for Ada class 113.2 m (371 ft 5 in) for İ class
Beam:	14.40 m (47 ft 3 in) for Ada class 14.40 m (47 ft 3 in) for İ class
Draft:	3.90 m (12 ft 10 in) for Ada class 4.05 m (13 ft 3 in) for İ class
Installed power:	Main: 31,640 kW (42,430 hp) RENK CODAG Aux: 4 x 588 kW (789 hp)
Propulsion:	1 gas turbine, 2 diesels, 2 shafts
Speed:	Economy: 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) Maximum: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range:	3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Endurance:	21 days with logistic support 10 days autonomous
Boats & landing craft carried:	2 x RHIB
Complement:	93 including aviation officers, with accommodation for up to 106 for Ada Class Corvets and 125 for İ Class Frigates
Sensors and processing systems:	Combat Management System: G-MSYS (GENESIS MİLGEM Savaş Yönetim Sistemi) Search radar: SMART-S Mk2[2] Weapon control: STING EO Mk2 Sonar: TBT-01 Yakamoz Communication: SatCom, GPS, LAN, ECDIS/WECDIS, Link 11/16 Navigation: ECPINS-W, ALPER LPI IPMS: UniMACS 3000 Others: X-Band radar, Fire Control Radar
Electronic warfare & decoys:	SIGINT: ARES-2N[3] Others: Laser/RF systems, ASW jammers, DG, SSTD
Armament:	Guns: 1 × 76 mm (3 in) OtoMelara Super Rapid (retractable for lower radar cross section, guidance by fire control radar and electro-optical systems), A position 2 × 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Aselsan STAMP Stabilized Machine Gun Platform (guidance by Laser/IR/TV and electro-optical systems, automatic and manual modes), B position Anti-surface missiles: 8 × Harpoon Anti-aircraft missiles: 21 × RAM (PDMS) Mk.41 VLS for ESSM (TF-100 class) Torpedoes: 2 × 324 mm (13 in) Mk.32 triple launchers for Mk.46 torpedoes Torpedo Defence System: Sea Sentor Surface Ship Torpedo Defense System
Aircraft carried:	Hangar and platform for: S-70B Seahawk ASW helicopters Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Aviation facilities:	Capability of storing armaments, 20 tons of JP-5 aircraft fuel, aerial refueling (HIRF) and maintenance systems

The MİLGEM project, from the Turkish words Milli Gemi (National Ship), is a Turkish national warship program, the purpose of which was to build a modern littoral combat ship with indigenous anti-submarine warfare and high-seas patrol capabilities, extensively using the principles of stealth technology in its design.^[1] Three MILGEM-class corvettes have already been commissioned by the Turkish Navy and more are scheduled to enter into service in due course.

The corvettes of the MİLGEM project are named the Ada class (ada means island in Turkish, as each individual ship of the class is given the name of a Turkish island, in particular the Prince Islands in the Sea of Marmara, to the southeast of Istanbul). The lead ship of the class, TCG Heybeliada is named after Heybeliada Island, where the Turkish Naval High School is located.

The project covers the construction of four corvettes (Ada class), eight frigates which four (TF-100 class) and four (TF-2000 class) for the Turkish Navy, with possible exports to other countries.^[4] The first three ships of the class, TCG Heybeliada, TCG Büyükada and TCG Burgazada were built by the Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command. The cost of the lead ship Heybeliada was around US$260 million.^[5]

In September 2013, then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that the MİLGEM project was to be temporarily put on hold after the completion of the first two corvettes by the Istanbul Naval Shipyard, and that the bid won by RMK Marine to build six more corvettes was cancelled. This was reportedly because the other shipbuilders complained about the bidding process. He added that a new bidding process will take place.^[6]

Evolution

When the MİLGEM project was officially launched in 1996, the Turkish Navy decided to use its own resources for the design, development and construction of a completely indigenous corvette. The MİLGEM Project Office of the Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command executes and coordinates the design, development and construction works of the MİLGEM project since 12 March 2004.

By developing the MİLGEM project, Turkey aims to build a warship using local resources to the maximum extent possible, and improve national military shipbuilding capacity and skills. The objectives of the MILGEM project are to enhance the littoral warfare capabilities and to meet the operational requirements of the Turkish Navy.^[4][7]

More than 50 local companies, including the largest Turkish defense firms such as STM and Aselsan, Havelsan, play a significant role in the MİLGEM project, gaining invaluable experience in warship design and construction.^[8]

Characteristics

The project is generally described as the subclasses of multi-purpose warships capable of sustaining a sea war in a littoral combat environment.

MİLGEM Project Office (MPO) of the Istanbul Naval Shipyard Command designed and developed the vessel platform. MİLGEM's design concept covers a multipurpose patrol warship, which can be deployed in a range of missions, including reconnaissance, surveillance, target identification, early warning, anti-submarine warfare, surface-to-surface and surface-to-air warfare, and amphibious operations. It features a steel hull and fragmentation resistant composite superstructure. Fore and aft masts and the funnel have been constructed with sea resistant aluminium alloys. The warships of the MİLGEM project are designed to fully operate at sea state 5 and partially operate at sea state 6. Reduction and management of the ship signatures was taken as the major input during the whole design phase. Many classified precautions were taken in order to reduce hydrodynamic, acoustic, magnetic, IR, radar signatures, and therefore, to achieve the specified level of stealth feature.^[4] Collective Protection Zones are designed to ensure the ships ability under NBC conditions. Locally designed degaussing system minimizes the magnetic signature for protection against the magnetic mines.

The ships are driven by a RENK CODAG Cross Connect propulsion plant. It consists of a gas turbine rated at 23,000 kilowatts (31,000 hp) and two diesel engines rated at 4,320 kW (5,790 hp). Each diesel engine drives one controllable pitch propeller via a two speed main reduction gear. The cross connect gear splits the power from the gas turbine via both main reduction gears to the two shafts. The ship can be operated in Diesel mode, in single gas turbine mode or in CODAG mode where diesel and gas turbine are providing a combined power of 27,640 kW (37,070 hp).

The design concept and mission profile of the Ada-class corvette bears similarities with the Freedom-class littoral combat ship developed by Lockheed Martin as the first member of the next generation of U.S. Navy warships; though the Ada-class corvettes are more heavily armed and are equipped with more capable radar and sonar systems, while the Freedom class has a higher speed and variable mission modules.^[9]

GENESIS (Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi, i.e. Ship Integrated Combat Management System), a network-centric combat management system developed by Havelsan and originally used in the upgraded G-class frigates of the Turkish Navy, was contracted for the first two Ada-class corvettes on May 23, 2007.^[10][11] The MİLGEM project warships have an indigenous hull mounted sonar developed by the Scientific and Technological Research Foundation of Turkey.^[12] Sonar dome has been developed and produced by STM's subcontractor ONUK-BG Defence Systems, extensively employing nano-enhanced Fiber Reinforced Polymer.^[13] The Ada class features a digital chart precise integrated navigation system (ECPINS) supplied by OSI Geospatial.^[14] Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS), delivered by STM's subcontractor Yaltes JV, monitors and controls machinery, auxiliary systems, electrical power generation and distribution. The main systems integrated in IPMS include a power management system, fire detection system, fire fighting and damage control system, CCTV system and stability control system.^[15]

Development

According to the MILGEM acquisition model, Turkey's Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM) signed R&D contracts mostly for the two prototype ships which are considered to be development platforms for testing the design and integrated systems. Thus, being an open-end project, 1st and 2nd ships of the class are expected to be slightly different in terms of vessel design and system configuration. The subsequent ships, expected to be built by private shipyards, will have more optimised design and configuration.^[7]

TF-100-class frigate

Four of the twelve MİLGEM project warships are classified as the Ada-class corvette, while four of them will be equipped with additional weapon systems and will be classified as the TF-100-class frigate.

The TF-100 class^[16] will feature a slightly larger hull and will be equipped with the Mk.41 VLS, capable of firing RIM-66 Standard, RIM-162 ESSM and VL ASROC missiles, along with other systems for improved multi-role combat capabilities. The experience and technological know-how gained with the MİLGEM project will play an important role in determining the design characteristics and the development process of the TF2000-class frigates, as well as the selection of the systems and equipment which will be used on these significantly larger and more capable warships.

Launch

Construction works of the first MİLGEM project warship, the Ada-class corvette Heybeliada, began on July 26, 2005. TCG Heybeliada was launched with a ceremony on September 27, 2008, that was attended by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey. On November 2, 2010, Heybeliada started undergoing sea acceptance trials before being officially commissioned.^[17][18] Heybeliada entered navy service on 27 September 2011.^[19]

Production of the second Ada-class corvette, TCG Büyükada, commenced on September 27, 2008. TBüyükada is expected to incorporate weapon systems with distinctive performances, such as the ASELSAN air-search radar. Büyükada was launched on September 27, 2011 and is undergoing sea acceptance trials before being officially commissioned. The construction of TCG Burgazada commenced on September 27, 2011.

Ships in the class

Export

According to a CNN Türk news report on September 27, 2008, the navies of Canada, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Ukraine and a number of South American countries have expressed interest in acquiring MİLGEM project warships.^[21][22] The Pakistan Navy shows interest in acquiring four Ada-class corvettes over a 10-year program, of which three to be manufactured in local shipyards. On 6 April 2011, Indonesia and Turkey signed cooperation agreement on defense industry including the construction of two Ada-class corvettes for the Indonesian Navy.^[23]

See also

• Freedom-class littoral combat ship
• Gowind-class corvette
• Braunschweig-class corvette
• Zulfiquar-class frigate
• Sigma-class corvette
• Steregushchy-class corvette
• Visby-class corvette

References