Expo 2015

EXPO Milan 2015

Logo
Overview
BIE-class Universal exposition
Category International Registered Exhibition
Name Expo Milano 2015
Motto Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life
Area 200 hectares (490 acres)
Visitors 22,200,000
Participant(s)
Countries 145
Organizations 17
Business 21
Location
Country Italy
City Milan
Venue Milan-Rho
Coordinates 45°31′7″N 9°6′24″E / 45.51861°N 9.10667°E / 45.51861; 9.10667Coordinates: 45°31′7″N 9°6′24″E / 45.51861°N 9.10667°E / 45.51861; 9.10667
Timeline
Awarded March 31, 2008 (2008-03-31)
Opening May 1, 2015 (2015-05-01)
Closure October 31, 2015 (2015-10-31)
Universal expositions
Previous Expo 2010 in Shanghai
Next Expo 2020 in Dubai
Specialized expositions
Previous Expo 2012 in Yeosu
Next Expo 2017 in Astana
Horticultural expositions
Previous Floriade 2012 in Venlo
Next Expo 2016 in Antalya
Internet
Website expo2015.org

Expo 2015 was a universal exposition hosted by Milan, Italy. It opened on May 1 at 10:00 CEST and closed on October 31.[1][2] Milan hosted an exposition for the second time; the first was the 1906 Milan International.

The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) general assembly in Paris decided in favour of Milan on March 31, 2008.[3] On November 23, 2010, the event was announced by the BIE.[4] Expo 2015's theme was "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life".[5][6][7]

Themes

Expo 2015's theme was "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life", encompassing technology, innovation, culture, traditions and creativity and how they relate to food and diet. The exposition developed themes introduced in earlier expos (such as water at Expo 2008 in Zaragoza) in light of new global scenarios and emerging issues, focusing on the right to healthy, secure and sufficient food for the world's inhabitants. Futuristic concerns about food security are compounded by forecasts of increasing uncertainty about the quantity of food which will be available globally. The exposition had seven sub-themes:[8]

Site

Large tree made of lights at night, surrounded by fountains
Albero della vita (Tree of Life)

The Expo 2015 site is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Milan, in the municipalities of Rho and Pero, and covers an area of 1.1 km2 (0.42 sq mi). It is adjacent to the Fiera Milano fairgrounds, designed by Massimiliano Fuksas, which may be considered the cornerstone of the area's urban redevelopment. It had long been an industrial zone before its conversion to logistical and municipal services and agriculture. The fairgrounds and the Expo site were connected by a pedestrian bridge adjacent to the Rho-Pero high-speed rail station. Originally-planned bicycle paths were never constructed, and several motorways were built (or expanded) to allow access to the site.

The area is oblong in shape with an overall length of nearly 3 km (1.9 mi), suggesting a boulevard along which the pavilions would be located. The design of pools and waterways in and around the Expo area was an element of primary importance.

Initial plan

Logo including Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man drawing
Expo 2015 bid logo

The initial plan had the following elements:

A 100-hectare (250-acre) service area was planned near the main Expo site with hotels, parking facilities, stores, a convention centre, green areas, a business centre available to Expo participants and a 12-hectare (30-acre) Expo Village to house staff, volunteers and security and administrative personnel.

The following thematic pavilions were also planned:

Concept

Vertical banner on a city street at night
Expo 2015 logo in Corso Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan

Expo 2015's concept was presented on September 8, 2009. It was designed by a committee of four architects: Stefano Boeri, Richard Burdett, Mark Rylander and Jacques Herzog.

The main idea was to trace two avenues (a main and a secondary avenue), representing the ancient Roman layout of a cardo and a decumanus. The initial idea of a "classical" site composed of avenues and pavilions was replaced by the idea of a "light" Expo composed of exhibition areas arranged across the main boulevard. The exhibition areas, identical for each country, recreated the typical food cycle of each nation from production to consumption. The centre of the avenue was occupied by a table in front of the country pavilions extending the length of the site, where visitors could sample foods produced in each country's pavilion. The area would be covered by large, tent-like structures to convey the idea of a global marketplace.

A second idea was to build large greenhouses on the site to reproduce the earth’s principal biomes. These would be thematic pavilions for the cultivation and production of basic foodstuffs used in the individual country pavilions. Each country would have a dedicated greenhouse in its exhibition area. In this version of the site, water remained an important element but was shifted toward the exterior as a large, navigable canal surrounding the site. A large lake was also included in the design. Additional elements included a large, excavated amphitheatre and a hill, one at each end of the boulevard; expo village facilities across the encircling canal from the site, and redevelopment of the post-office building as a centre for sustainable development.

Master plan

Expo entrance, with a central statue of a man on a horse
Expo gate in Piazza Castello

The master plan for Expo 2015, coordinated by Stefano Boeri, was delivered to the BIE during its April 30, 2010 registration ceremony in Paris. Changes included:

Participants

Expo participants included 145 countries, three international organizations and several civil society organizations, corporations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).[9] Participants were hosted in individual or grouped pavilions.

Countries

Expo replica passport, with "visa stamps" by participants
Expo passport

Each participating country was hosted in a self-constructed pavilion and included on the Expo website.[10] Some countries, such as Belarus,[11] Belgium,[12] Israel[13] and Germany,[14] created external websites. As part of a reciprocity protocol with Expo 2010 in Shanghai, on December 8, 2008, China was the first country to formalise its participation in Expo 2015. The first country outside the reciprocity protocol to confirm its participation was Switzerland, on February 3, 2011.[15] As in other years, during the Expo visitors could purchase a passport which could be stamped. The following countries participated:[16]

Agreements

Plane in flight
An Etihad Airbus A330 aircraft, A6-EYH, in Expo 2015 and Alitalia livery

In preparation for Expo 2015, the City of Milan signed coordination agreements with other cities in Italy and Europe focusing on tourism, culture and infrastructure. Agreements were also been signed with other countries for the development of projects associated with food and education.

Partners

Controversy

Smoky fire on a city street during a demonstration
Protest in Milan on the exposition's first day

Expo 2015's opening on May 1 was met with protests by a black bloc of anti-austerity activists, with police using tear gas.[122] Although Vatican City invested €3 million in its pavilion before Pope Francis' election, he said that it was good for the church to be involved in causes which fight hunger and promote clean energy but too much money was wasted on the Expo by the Vatican.[123]

Italian analysts like Daniela Danna have analysed the massive cost overruns for the project, the inflated prices paid for the land (with conflict of interest, the sellers and buyers sometimes being the same), poor worker contracts, the presence of large multinationals, the pouring of huge amounts of cement on the site, pushing through three new road projects that had previously been blocked (one outer bypass, the TEEM A58 cost €1.7 billion or US$2bn for 30 km[124], dubbed the most expensive highway in Europe), an abortive scenic canal network that was left incomplete, and the failure to find a buyer for the site after the event.[125] She says protest in Milan and across Italy was inevitable, because "organizing circuses is politically risky when bread is hard to come by".

Food

Several unusual (or unique) food choices were offered during the exposition, some normally not permitted in Italy. At Zimbabwe's pavilion, visitors could try burgers made from crocodile, zebra or python (named "crocoburger", "zebraburger" and "savanaburger" by their creator, consul Georges El Badaoui). The pavilion's food was some of the expo's most innovative and extravagant.[126][127][128] At the Japanese pavilion during the expo, European regulations were relaxed and it was possible to taste sashimi from pufferfish (fugu).[129] In the Future Food District were packs of canned insects, common in Southeast Asia but prohibited in the European Union. Italian chef Massimo Bottura and international colleagues created the Refettorio Ambrosiano, a gourmet soup kitchen using waste food from the fair.[130]

Sport

World Cup Expo, a football tournament of mixed teams composed of workers from individual pavilions (or clusters), was held during the event.[131]

Pavilions

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Expo 2015, Bie approva ufficialmente la registrazione di Milano". Reuters. November 23, 2010.
  2. ↑ "Expo Milano 2015. E' ufficiale". Comune di Milano. 23 November 2010.
  3. ↑ "Bureau of International Exhibitions (BIE) @ JDP Econ". jdpecon.com.
  4. ↑ "Brazil". bie-paris.org.
  5. ↑ "Microsoft PowerPoint - MINA-Expo2015Milan-feeding the planet-energy for life.ppt" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-09-24.
  6. ↑ "Milan World Expo 2015: Feeding the Planet, energy for Life". Design Revolution.
  7. ↑ "Feeding the Planet. Energy for Life — Expo 2015" (in Italian). Expo2015.assolombarda.it. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
  8. ↑ "Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life". Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Expo2015 Participants".
  10. ↑ "Expo2015 Countries". Archived from the original on May 12, 2015.
  11. ↑ "Pavilion Belarus Expo 2015". Archived from the original on June 17, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Beligian Pavilion Milano 2015".
  13. ↑ "Israeli Pavilion Milano 2015".
  14. ↑ "Fields of ideas, German pavilion at the expo Milano 2015".
  15. ↑ Switzerland’s participation at Expo Milano 2015 symbolised with an apple tree, Swiss Government, February 3, 2011
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Discover all Participant Countries". Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Expo 2015 S.p.A. "Expo Milano 2015 - Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life". EXPO. Archived from the original on December 18, 2012.
  18. ↑ "I Paesi partecipanti ad EXPO 2015: ALBANIA" (in Italian).
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Raggiunto l'obiettivo di 50 partecipanti internazionali all'Esposizione Universale del 2015" (in Italian). Archived from the original on September 24, 2011.
  20. ↑ "Con l'adesione dell'Argentina si tocca quota 40" (in Italian).
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "expomilando2015participants.jpg". Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  22. ↑ "Approvata una riduzione da 300 milioni del piano investimenti" (in Italian).
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "PM: nine countries and five civil society organisations sign contracts of participation | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
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  25. ↑ "Governo Italiano - Il Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri" (in Italian). Governo.it. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
  26. 1 2 "The number of adhesions to Expo Milan 2015 continues to rise. With Guinea-Conakry and Brunei the number of official participants rises to 87". Expo 2015 S.p.A. June 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  27. 1 2 "Obiettivo raggiunto: 131 adesioni | Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian). Expo2015.org. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
  28. ↑ "Anche la Cambogia aderisce a Expo 2015" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2012-07-31.
  29. ↑ "Expo 2015: Formigoni a simposio con Ombama, poi incontra Bono" (in Italian).
  30. ↑ "Expo 2015: Aderisce anche il Cile" (in Italian).
  31. ↑ "Anche la Cina partecipera' all'Expo di Milano 2015" (in Italian).
  32. ↑ Expo 2015 S.p.A. "China". EXPO. Archived from the original on April 29, 2015.
  33. ↑ "China, three pavilions for Expo - Expo 2015 News". expo2015news.org.
  34. ↑ Expo 2015 S.p.A. "China Corporate United Pavilion". EXPO. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015.
  35. ↑ Expo 2015 S.p.A. "Vanke". EXPO. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015.
  36. ↑ "I Paesi partecipanti ad EXPO 2015: COLOMBIA" (in Italian).
  37. ↑ "Expo Milano 2015 raggiunge quota 129 con l'adesione dell'Unione delle Comore | Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian). Expo2015.org. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Expo 2015 S.p.A. "Countries". EXPO. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Ucraina e Congo: salgono a 43 le adesioni a Expo 2015" (in Italian). Archived from the original on August 28, 2011.
  40. ↑ Expo 2015 S.p.A. "Djibouti". EXPO. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015.
  41. 1 2 "Expo: arrivano Rep.Dominicana e Moldavia, 60 partecipanti" (in Italian).
  42. ↑ "I Paesi partecipanti ad EXPO 2015: EGITTO" (in Italian).
  43. 1 2 "Expo taglia il traguardo delle 128 adesioni | Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian). Expo2015.org. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
  44. ↑ "Expo 2015: aderiscono Eritrea e Costa Rica" (in Italian).
  45. ↑ "The number of official participants to EXPO Milano 2015 rises to 98". Expo 2015 S.p.A. September 20, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-03.
  46. ↑ "Expo 2015, aderisce la Francia: si arriva a 67 Paesi" (in Italian).
  47. ↑ "I Paesi partecipanti ad EXPO 2015: GABON" (in Italian).
  48. ↑ "The number of Official Participants to Expo Milano 2015 rises to 96". Expo 2015 S.p.A. September 12, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  49. 1 2 "Expo 2015: Germania e Russia aderiscono a Esposizione universale Milano" (in Italian).
  50. ↑ "The number of Official Participants to Expo Milano 2015 rises to 95". Expo 2015 S.p.A. September 6, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  51. ↑ "Expo 2015: partnership con Cisco, investirà 40 mln per internet" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2012-07-16.
  52. ↑ "Expo 2015: si' anche da Haiti, adesioni a quota 76" (in Italian).
  53. ↑ "With Indonesia, achieved the aim of 100 adhesions. The Italian Prime Minister, Mario Monti: "This goal demonstrates the great interest in Expo Milano 2015".". Expo 2015 S.p.A. September 28, 2012. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  54. ↑ "I Paesi partecipanti ad EXPO 2015: IRAN" (in Italian).
  55. ↑ "With Ireland, Expo Milano 2015 reaches a total of 142 participants | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on January 27, 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
  56. 1 2 "Expo, domani via libera al bilancio e sabato festa per la città" (in Italian).
  57. ↑ "Expo: 78 paesi aderiscono; Monti, bene anche Giappone" (in Italian).
  58. ↑ "Expo 2015: Bracco confermata presidente, entra Dal Verme" (in Italian). Archived from the original on September 28, 2013.
  59. ↑ "Expo 2015: quota 71 adesioni con il Kirghizistan" (in Italian).
  60. 1 2 "Expo 2015: Sì anche da Libano, Slovacchia e Tajikistan. Adesioni a 66." (in Italian).
  61. ↑ "Aderisce la Lituania: Expo 2015 a quota quarantuno" (in Italian).
  62. ↑ "With Malta the number of Official Participants rises to 136 | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  63. 1 2 "Expo 2015/ Con Mauritania e Slovenia salgono a 16 le adesioni" (in Italian).
  64. ↑ "La Crónica de Hoy | Confirma México su participación en Expo 2015 de Milán". Cronica.com.mx. 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
  65. ↑ "Visita ieri e oggi a Milano del segretario generale del Bie Vicente Loscertales" (in Italian).
  66. ↑ "Il Marocco annuncia l'adesione a Expo Milano 2015 | Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian). Expo2015.org. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  67. 1 2 "Expo:57 adesioni, arrivano anche Emirati Arabi e Mozambico" (in Italian).
  68. ↑ "Siamo a 61 partecipazioni" (in Italian). Archived from the original on December 17, 2011.
  69. ↑ "The Netherlands will participate in Expo Milano 2015".
  70. ↑ "Expo 2015: firmato protocollo per regolarita' e sicurezza nei cantieri" (in Italian).
  71. ↑ "Expo 2015: Letta, soddisfatto per adesione della Polonia". ASCA.it. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  72. 1 2 "Procede a passo deciso l’avventura di Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian). Archived from the original on December 17, 2011.
  73. ↑ "Romania signs the contract to join Expo Milano 2015 | Expan Milano 2015". Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  74. ↑ "Expo 2015, parteciperà anche la Russia" (in Italian).
  75. ↑ "Expo Milano 2015 a quota 134 adesioni | Expo Milano 2015". Expo2015.org. September 30, 2013. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  76. ↑ "Bit Milano: San Marino conferma presenza ad Expò" (in Italian).
  77. ↑ "Expo, aderisce anche il Senegal" (in Italian).
  78. ↑ "Anche l'India e la Mongolia parteciperanno a Expo 2015" (in Italian).
  79. ↑ "Expo 2015, aderisce anche la Corea del sud. I paesi partecipanti sono 70" (in Italian).
  80. ↑ "Expo:arriva adesione Spagna, è ventesimo Paese" (in Italian).
  81. ↑ "Spain signs the contract to take part in Expo Milano 2015 | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  82. ↑ "Expo 2015: Moratti, arriva dalla Svizzera la prima adesione" (in Italian).
  83. ↑ "Expo 2015: Svizzera primo Paese a confermare presenza." (in Italian).
  84. ↑ "Anche la Turchia aderisce a Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian).
  85. ↑ "Arriva dal Turkmenistan l’adesione numero 137 a Expo Milano 2015 | Expo Milano 2015". Expo2015.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  86. ↑ "Con l’Uganda già 77 Paesi "iscritti" a Expo" (in Italian).
  87. ↑ "Anche il Regno Unito a Expo Milano 2015: raggiunta quota 135 adesioni | Expo Milano 2015". Expo2015.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  88. ↑ ""Grown in Britain, shared globally": UK signs the contract to take part in Expo Milano 2015 &#124 Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  89. ↑ "United States of America". Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  90. ↑ "Expo: Uruguay 13esimo Paese ad aderire ufficialmente" (in Italian). Archived from the original on March 18, 2011.
  91. ↑ "Terreni Expo, via libera dal BIE. Sala:Ora il contratto per le aree" (in Italian).
  92. ↑ "Countries | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  93. ↑ "Participant Countries | Expo Milano 2015". Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  94. ↑ "EXPO 2015: Pisapia, 74 stati esteri hanno già aderito" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2012-07-22.
  95. ↑ "Civil Society Organizations". Archived from the original on May 16, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  96. ↑ "Cern will participate to Expo Milano 2015. Science and future meet the biggest challenge of 2015 | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-14.
  97. ↑ "EU signed up for EXPO MILANO 2015 | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  98. ↑ "The United Nations participating in Expo 2015 | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
  99. 1 2 3 4 5 "Corporate". Archived from the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  100. ↑ "Expo: Alitalia ed Etihad compagnie aeree ufficiali".
  101. ↑ "BolognaFiere sarà official partner di Expo 2015".
  102. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Partners | Expo Milano 2015". Archived from the original on April 12, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  103. ↑ "Expo, Coca-Cola partner ufficiale soft drink" (in Italian).
  104. 1 2 "OVS ed Excelsior Milano official retailer di Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian).
  105. ↑ "Franciacorta partner ufficiale di Expo Milano".
  106. ↑ http://www.expo2015.org/en/partners-beijing-huiyuan---food---beverage-fruits--legumes-and-spices-clusters-official-partner-
  107. ↑ Expo 2015 S.p.A. "Fruits and Legumes - Expo Milano 2015". EXPO. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015.
  108. ↑ "Mc Donald's sponsor ufficiale Expo" (in Italian).
  109. ↑ "MSC Crociere è Official Cruise Carrier di Expo Milano 2015" (in Italian). Archived from the original on February 12, 2015.
  110. ↑ "Trenitalia/Official Global Rail Carrier" (in Italian). Archived from the original on February 12, 2015.
  111. ↑ "Canon sponsor di Expo 2015" (in Italian).
  112. ↑ "Nasce Rai Expo: 5 milioni di euro alla tv di Stato che mette la sede a Roma" (in Italian).
  113. ↑ "Allianz Offical [sic] Visitor Assistance partner Expo Milano 2015". Retrieved February 12, 2015.
  114. ↑ "Finmeccanica to be the technology partner at EXPO 2015 for the Safe City & Main Operation Center platform - DETAIL - Selex ES". Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  115. ↑ "Expo 2015: l'ice cream partner è Unilever (Algida)." (in Italian).
  116. ↑ "Milano, la Poretti birra ufficiale di Expo." (in Italian).
  117. 1 2 "Expo 2015: presenti Illy, Lavazza, San Pellegrino, Coop e Eataly." (in Italian).
  118. ↑ "Gewiss partnering with Expo".
  119. ↑ "Granarolo partner of Palazzo Italia".
  120. ↑ "Expo 2015, una Terrazza Martini sul Padiglione Italia." (in Italian).
  121. ↑ "San Pellegrino sarà l'acqua "ufficiale" di Expo 2015 e del Padiglione Italia" (in Italian).
  122. ↑ Day, Michael (1 May 2015). "Milan Expo 2015: Rioting and tear gas mar the start of a 'brighter tomorrow' for Italy". The Independent. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  123. ↑ "Papa Francesco si arrabbia per i soldi spesi dal Vaticano per l’Expo" [Pope Francis angered by the money spent by the Vatican on the Expo]. Diretta News (in Italian). 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
  124. ↑ https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrada_A58
  125. ↑ http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_24/Danna.pdf | Danna, D. 2017. Expo 2015 in Milan: the power of the Machine". Journal of Political Ecology 24: 910-920
  126. ↑ After the Crocoburger, at Expo arrived the Zebraburger
  127. ↑ Expo, After the Crocoburger, the Zebraburger, at the Zimbabwe Pavilion
  128. ↑ Zimbabwe, dopo lo zebraburger ecco il panino imbottito al pitone
  129. ↑ Il sashimi di pesce palla al padiglione giapponese
  130. ↑ Eisner, Ken (11 January 2017). "Supercook Massimo Bottura feeds the hungry in Theater of Life". Georgia Straight. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  131. ↑ Pagina facebook dei mondiali di Expo
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