Miglitol

Miglitol
Clinical data

Trade names	Glyset
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601079
License data	US FDA: Miglitol
Pregnancy category	AU: B3 US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	A10BF02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Dose-dependent
Protein binding	Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism	Nil
Biological half-life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal (95%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number	72432-03-2^Y
PubChem CID	441314
IUPHAR/BPS	4842
DrugBank	DB00491^Y
ChemSpider	390074^Y
UNII	0V5436JAQW
KEGG	D00625^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1561^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.069.670
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₈H₁₇NO₅
Molar mass	207.224 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Density	1.458 g/cm³
Melting point	114 °C (237 °F)
SMILES OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
InChI InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1^Y Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N^Y
(verify)

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.^[1]

Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.^[2] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

References

↑ "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institudes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
↑ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.

Oral anti-diabetic drugs, insulins and insulin analogs, and other drugs used in diabetes (A10)

Insulin

Sensitizers

Biguanides	Buformin^‡ Metformin^# Phenformin^‡
TZDs/"glitazones" (PPAR)	Ciglitazone^§ Darglitazone^§ Englitazone^§ Lobeglitazone Netoglitazone^§ Pioglitazone Rivoglitazone^† Rosiglitazone Troglitazone^‡
Dual PPAR agonists	Aleglitazar^† Muraglitazar^§ Saroglitazar Tesaglitazar^§

Secretagogues

K⁺_ATP

Sulfonylureas	1st generation: Acetohexamide Carbutamide Chlorpropamide Glycyclamide Metahexamide Tolazamide Tolbutamide 2nd generation: Glibenclamide (glyburide) Glibornuride Glicaramide Gliclazide^# Glimepiride Glipizide Gliquidone Glisoxepide Glyclopyramide
Meglitinides/"glinides"	Mitiglinide Nateglinide Repaglinide

GLP-1 agonists

DPP-4 inhibitors/"gliptins"

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40)

Fasiglifam^†

Analogs/other insulins

fast-acting (Insulin aspart
Insulin glulisine
Insulin lispro)
short-acting (Regular insulin)
long-acting (Insulin detemir
Insulin glargine
NPH insulin)
ultra-long-acting (Insulin degludec)
inhalable (Exubera^‡
Afrezza)

Other

Aldose reductase inhibitors	Epalrestat Fidarestat^§ Ranirestat^† Tolrestat^‡ Zenarestat^§
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors	Acarbose Miglitol Voglibose
Amylin analog	Pramlintide
Sodium glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors/"gliflozins"	Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin Ipragliflozin Remogliflozin^§ Sergliflozin^§ Tofogliflozin^†
Other	Benfluorex^‡ Bromocriptine

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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Miglitol

See also

References