Michael Sattler

Michael Sattler preaching in the woods.

Michael Sattler (1490 – 20 May 1527) was a monk who left the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation to become one of the early leaders of the Anabaptist movement. He was particularly influential for his role in developing the Schleitheim Confession.

Title page of the Schleitheimer Confession (1527), bearing Sattler's name.

Life

Sattler was born in approximately 1490 in Staufen, Germany.[1] He became a Benedictine monk in the abbey of St. Peter and most likely became prior.[1] He left St. Peter's probably in May 1525 when the monastery had been overcome by the troops from the Black Forest fighting in the German Peasants' War.[2] He later married a former Beguine named Margaretha.[3] When Sattler arrived in Zurich is not known except that he was expelled from the city on 18 November 1525 in a wave of expulsions of foreigners resulting from the disputation on baptism of 6–8 November.[4] Some believe that Sattler is to be identified as the "Brother Michael in the white coat," mentioned in a document dated 25 March of that year,[5] thus placing Sattler in Zurich before Snyder's estimation of when he left St. Peter's.[6] Snyder believed that Sattler possibly arrived in Zurich to attend that disputation.[7] He became associated with the Anabaptists and was probably rebaptised in the summer of 1526. He was involved in missionary activity around Horb and Rottenburg, and eventually traveled to Strasbourg. In February 1527 he chaired a meeting of the Swiss Brethren at Schleitheim, at which time the Schleitheim Confession was adopted.

In May 1527, Sattler was arrested by Count Joachim of Zollern, regent of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, along with his wife and several other Anabaptists. He was kept a prisoner in the tower of Binsdorf.[8] He was tried and sentenced to be executed as a heretic in Rottenburg am Neckar. The sentence to execution read, "Michael Sattler shall be committed to the executioner. The latter shall take him to the square and there first cut out his tongue, and then forge him fast to a wagon and there with glowing iron tongs twice tear pieces from his body, then on the way to the site of execution five times more as above and then burn his body to powder as an arch-heretic."[9] The other men in the group were executed by sword, and the women, including Margaretha, were executed by drowning.

A memorial plaque at the site of his execution near Rottenburg am Neckar reads: "The Baptist Michael Sattler was executed by burning after severe torture on 20 May 1527 here on the "Gallows Hill". He died as a true witness of Jesus Christ. His wife Margaretha and other members of the congregation were drowned and burned. They acted for the baptism of those who want to follow Christ, for an independent congregation of the faithful, for the peaceful message of the Sermon on the Mount."

See also

Works cited

References

  1. 1 2 John Howard Yoder, The Legacy of Michael Sattler (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald, 1973), 10.
  2. ↑ C. Arnold Snyder, The Life and Thought of Michael Sattler (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald, 1984), p. 64.
  3. ↑ Snyder (1984), p. 101.
  4. ↑ Snyder (1984), p. 79.
  5. ↑ Leonhard von Muralt and Walter Schmid eds. Quellen zur Geschichte der Täufer in der Schweiz I: Zürich (Zurich: S. Hirzel, 1952), p. 136.
  6. ↑ e.g. Fritze Blanke, Brothers in Christ: The History of the Oldest Anabaptist Congregation, Zollikon, near Zurich, Switzerland (Scottsdale, Pennsylvania: Herald, 1961).
  7. ↑ Fritze Blanke, Brothers in Christ: The History of the Oldest Anabaptist Congregation, Zollikon, near Zurich, Switzerland (Scottsdale, Pennsylvania: Herald, 1961), p. 82.
  8. ↑ {{citation/core|Surname1=Werner-Ulrich Deetjen|Title=700 Jahre Stadt Ebingen - Geschichte in Bildern Vorträgezur Geschichte: Das Reich Gottes zu Ebingen-Gedanken zu seiner Geschichte und Eigenart|Publisher=Druck und Verlagshaus Daniel Balingen|PublicationPlace=Albstadt|Date=1985|language=German
  9. ↑ Hutterite Large Chronicle, quoted in William Roscoe Estep, The Anabaptist Story, 3rd edition (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1960, p. 57.
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