Mike Nifong

Mike Nifong
Former North Carolina District Attorney for Prosecutorial District 14
In office
April 27, 2005 – June 21, 2007[1]
Preceded by Jim Hardin
Succeeded by Jim Hardin (acting)
Constituency Durham County, North Carolina
Personal details
Born Michael Byron Nifong
(1950-09-14) September 14, 1950
Wilmington, North Carolina, U.S.
Political party Democratic

Michael Byron Nifong (born September 14, 1950) is a disbarred North Carolina attorney.[2] He was the district attorney for Durham County, North Carolina (the state's 14th Prosecutorial District) but was removed, disbarred and jailed following court findings concerning his conduct in the Duke lacrosse case.[3]

Several criminal justice bills passed by the North Carolina legislature later that same year are believed to have been generated by Nifong's actions in the Duke lacrosse case.[4]

Early life

Nifong was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) in 1971 with a degree in political science. He registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War era.[5]

He participated in anti-war protests. After working as a teacher and social worker, he returned to UNC in 1975 and earned a law degree from the University of North Carolina School of Law in 1978. He was admitted to the North Carolina bar.

Career

After a year as a per diem assistant DA with the Durham County DA's office, he was hired on a full-time basis in 1979. He eventually worked his way up to chief assistant. After District Attorney Jim Hardin was appointed to a Superior Court vacancy in 2005, Governor Mike Easley appointed Nifong to fill out the remainder of Hardin's term. Nifong was sworn in on April 27, 2005.[6]

Before the most intense criticism of his handling of the Duke lacrosse case, Nifong won the Democratic primary on May 2, 2006 for Durham County District Attorney.[7] Nifong won the general election in November 2006, receiving 49% of the votes, while Durham lawyer and Democrat Lewis Cheek received 40% despite the fact that he had said he would not serve if elected, and Republican Party Chairman Steve Monks got 11% as a write-in candidate.

Duke lacrosse case

In 2006, Nifong pursued sexual assault charges made by Crystal Gail Mangum, a black woman who was working as an escort and stripper, against three white members of the Duke University lacrosse team.[8][9]

The case attracted national and international media attention, "with dozens of television trucks flocking around Duke and the Durham courthouse."[10] Former New York Times Public Editor Daniel Okrent wrote, "It [the case] conformed too well to too many preconceived notions of too many in the press: white over black, rich over poor, athletes over non-athletes, men over women, educated over non-educated."[11]

In the first weeks of the case, Nifong gave an estimated 50 to 70 interviews. On the day he received his first briefing by police, March 27, 2006, he told the press, "The circumstances of the rape indicated a deep racial motivation for some of the things that were done." By April 1 he had made 48 statements to the press, including assertions that others present at the party were covering for the accused players, saying, "I would like to think that somebody who was not in the bathroom has the human decency to call up and say, 'What am I doing covering up for a bunch of hooligans?'"[12] Initial media reports on the case largely reflected Nifong's statements and opinions.[13]

Nifong said in a court hearing on October 27, 2006, six months after the arrest of the Duke lacrosse players, that he had not yet interviewed the alleged victim. "I haven't talked with her about the facts of that night. ... We're not at that stage yet." According to Nifong, none of his assistants had discussed the case with her, either.[14]

On December 22, 2006, Nifong dropped the rape charge (sexual assault and kidnapping charges were still being pursued) against the three Duke lacrosse players after the woman who accused them changed her story, saying that she was no longer certain whether she was penetrated vaginally with one or more of the men's penises. This was a few days after it was revealed in court that Nifong had withheld evidence from the defense concerning the DNA tests performed.[15] Nifong was strongly criticized for pressing ahead with what appeared to many to be a weak case without any physical evidence. The defense argued that the accuser had given at least a dozen different accounts of the incident, changing the number of attackers from twenty to three, and modifying the methods by which she was assaulted.[15]

In January 2007, Nifong sent a letter to North Carolina Attorney General Roy A. Cooper (elected Governor of North Carolina in 2016) asking his office to assume responsibility of the case.[16] This came days after the accuser changed her story again, claiming that suspect Reade Seligmann was not involved in the alleged attack.[17][18] Previously she had accused him and two others of the alleged rape.[17][18]

The next day, Cooper announced that his office would take over the case.[19] In April, Cooper announced that all charges in the case would be dropped and that "based on the significant inconsistencies between the evidence and the various accounts given by the accusing witness, we believe these three individuals are innocent of these charges".[20]

Criticism

Defense lawyers and media outlets (who were quick to initially condemn the accused players) were strongly critical of Nifong's handling of the case. Nifong said that the criticisms were the product of a defense strategy to malign the prosecution and intimidate the alleged rape victim.[21]

As the details of the case emerged, Nifong was attacked not only from advocates of the indicted students but by news sources such as The Washington Post[22] and the Los Angeles Times.[23]

They claimed he went public with a series of accusations that later turned out to be untrue; that he exaggerated and intensified racial tensions; that he unduly influenced the Durham police investigation; that he tried to manipulate potential witnesses; that he refused to hear exculpatory evidence before indictment; that regulations on the conduct of an identification exercise were breached by failure to include "dummy" photographs of anyone who was not at the party; that he had never spoken directly to the alleged victim about the accusations; and that he made misleadingly incomplete presentations of various aspects of the evidence in the case (including DNA results).

Additional coverage critical of the prosecution's case included that expressed by: 60 Minutes, Charlotte Observer,[24][25] Fox News,[26] Greensboro News & Record,[27]National Journal, Newark Star-Ledger,[28] The News & Observer,[3][29] Newsweek, New York Daily News,[30] New York magazine,[31] San Diego Union Tribune,[32] Washington Times,[33] The Star-News (Wilmington, N.C.),[34] and the now-defunct Rocky Mountain News.[35]

Nifong gave more than 50 interviews, many with the national media, according to his own account and confirmed by the News & Observer.[3][36][37] In these interviews, Nifong repeatedly said that he was "confident that a rape occurred,"[38] calling the players "a bunch of hooligans" whose "daddies could buy them expensive lawyers."[25] From early April 2006, however, Nifong generally refused to talk to the media.[37]

On July 18, 2006, defense lawyers charged that Nifong made "unprofessional and discourteous" remarks. During a preliminary hearing, Nifong said, "[Defense] attorneys were almost disappointed that their clients didn't get indicted so they could be a part of this spectacle here in Durham." One lawyer asserted that "Nifong's statement is an insult to the legal profession as a whole and is certainly unwarranted by any facts in this case." Others saw it as a personal insult. Nifong then went on vacation and could not be reached for further comment.[39]

On October 27, 2006, Nifong said in court that neither he nor his assistants had yet discussed the alleged assault with the accuser, saying they had so far left that aspect of the investigation to the police.[40]

Critics of the district attorney requested that Nifong be investigated, punished and disbarred for his actions in this case.[41] On December 12, 2006, Republican Representative Walter B. Jones of North Carolina's 3rd district was reported to have sent a letter to U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales asking for an investigation into whether Nifong committed "prosecutorial misconduct" and violated the civil rights of the three suspects in the case;[42] Gonzales stated that his office might investigate how Nifong had handled the case.[43] Critics noted that police were instructed to "Go through Mr. Nifong for any directions as to how to conduct matters in this case." This was an unusual move for a prosecutor to order.[44]

On December 16, 2006, it was revealed that Nifong and DNA lab director Brian Meehan conspired to withhold exculpatory DNA evidence from the final report submitted to the defense team.[45][46]

The prosecution of the case was criticized by the legal analyst for the National Journal, Stuart Taylor,[47] as well as New York Times columnists David Brooks[48] and Nicholas Kristof.[47] An investigation by CBS' 60 Minutes "reveal[ed] disturbing facts about the conduct of the police and the district attorney, and raise[d] serious concerns."[25] (This 60 Minutes segment was honored with a Peabody Award on April 4, 2007.)[49] Several writers at Slate criticized the prosecution's actions and especially criticized the mainstream media for accepting prosecution claims at face value in spite of countervailing evidence.[50][51]

In light of the fact that Nifong failed to turn over exculpatory evidence to defense lawyers on December 22, 2006, The News & Observer wrote that "to press forward in the [...] case, District Attorney Mike Nifong must rely on scanty evidence while deflecting serious questions about whether he broke the law or violated the ethics rules governing prosecutors."[52]

Thomas Sowell accused Nifong of using the case to improve his chances in the next election by gaining large support from the African American community.[53] Nifong ultimately won the primary and general election in the midst of the case, despite the fact that allegations of ethical improprieties had already come to light. A federal judge in 2011 ruled that the civil lawsuit could proceed against Nifong, including claims of "malicious prosecution" and "fabrication of false evidence".[54]

Ethics charges

On December 28, 2006, the North Carolina State Bar filed ethics charges against Nifong over his conduct in the case, accusing him of making public statements that were "prejudicial to the administration of justice" and of engaging in "conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation."[55] The seventeen-page document accuses Nifong of violating four rules of professional conduct, listing more than fifty examples of statements he made to the media.[56]

The State Bar filed a second round of ethics charges on January 24, 2007.[57] In this document, it accused Nifong of a "systematic abuse of prosecutorial discretion ... prejudicial to the administration of justice" when he withheld DNA evidence to mislead the court.[58]

Nifong's lawyers filed a report asking for dismissal of some of the charges against him on March 19, arguing that his actions had not prevented the defendants from a fair trial since defense attorneys received a DNA report before a trial date was set. The State Bar denied the request, pointing out that North Carolina law "is unambiguous: Anyone subject to an NTO [Nontestimonial Identification Order] must be given any report of test results as soon as such a report is available." The Bar continued that "Nifong is effectively arguing that he can make false statements to a court which result in the entry of an order, and then use the order that is based on his misrepresentations to claim he committed no discovery violation."[59][60]

At an April 13 hearing, another request for dismissal of charges was denied. Nifong's team argued that the law about revealing exculpatory evidence to the defense was too vague about a timetable. Attorneys for the State Bar pointed out that it was only through diligent efforts of the Duke players' defense team that the DNA report was finally made available to them. The formal ethics hearing began on June 12 in Raleigh.[61]

On June 15, Nifong took the stand to testify in his own defense. During the testimony, he apologized to the families of the Duke athletes and stated that he would resign as district attorney. Joseph Cheshire, attorney for David Evans, one of the accused players, dismissed the apology as "a cynical political attempt to save his law license".[62] During the trial, Nifong acknowledged he knew there was no DNA evidence connecting lacrosse players Reade Seligmann and Collin Finnerty to the 28-year-old woman who accused them of attacking her when he indicted them on charges of rape, sexual offense and kidnapping a year prior.[63]

Disbarment

On June 16, 2007, the North Carolina State Bar Disciplinary Committee unanimously voted to disbar Nifong after delivering a guilty verdict to 27 of 32 charges. The committee found Nifong's previous disciplinary record and acknowledgment of his improper pre-trial statements were substantially outweighed by (among other things) the players' vulnerability and his failure to acknowledge the "wrongful nature of (his) conduct with respect of the handling of DNA evidence."[64]

Committee chair Lane Williamson called the case a "fiasco" and said Nifong's actions involved "dishonesty, fraud, deceit and misrepresentation." Williamson further stated, "At the time he was facing a primary, and yes, he was politically naive, but we can draw no other conclusion that those initial statements he made were to further his political ambitions." In the end, the panel concluded that "there is no discipline short of disbarment appropriate in this case given the magnitude of the offenses found."[64]

Nifong agreed to surrender his law license and said he would not appeal; through his attorney, he said that disbarment was an appropriate punishment. Nifong is the first sitting district attorney in the history of North Carolina to be disbarred.[65] Earlier in the day, Nifong offered to voluntarily surrender his law license. However, Williamson said that the panel had to issue a ruling, and issued its disbarment order shortly thereafter.[66] Under North Carolina law, the order took effect 30 days after Nifong received it in writing.[63]

Immediately after the hearing, lawyers for the three players said they would seek to have Nifong held in criminal contempt of court for his false statements.[67] The lawyers added that calls for a federal civil rights investigation into the matter weren't out of line.[68] The players' attorneys have called for an independent investigation into the case, and as of June 2007 Cooper was considering whether to open a criminal probe into the affair.[69]

The players' attorneys said on June 18 that their clients were very likely to file a civil suit against Nifong to recover their legal expenses and restore their reputations. It is not known how much they can recover. Nifong had no income aside from his salary as DA, and public records indicate that he has no significant assets other than his home in Durham, real estate in western North Carolina and retirement accounts. According to The News and Observer, the players incurred $3 million in legal costs.[67]

On June 18, Nifong submitted his resignation to Governor Easley and Durham County Chief Superior Court Judge Orlando Hudson, saying he would leave office on July 13. Hudson said that Nifong should have resigned immediately, saying that defense attorneys could challenge Nifong's authority. Easley, a former prosecutor and state attorney general, also felt that Nifong should have resigned immediately.[63]

Early on June 19, Hudson issued an order suspending Nifong from office with pay.[70] Under North Carolina law,[71] this was the first step in a process that allows the chief judge of a county to remove that county's district attorney from office. Hudson also appointed a Raleigh attorney as special prosecutor to oversee the removal proceeding.[72] A Durham resident had asked Hudson to remove Nifong in February on the grounds that Nifong engaged in willful misconduct and brought disrepute upon his office – two of the criteria required for removing a district attorney from office. This process has been used only once before, when the district attorney for New Hanover and Pender counties was removed from office in 1995 for making a racial slur.[73] Hudson delayed acting on it, however, pending the bar's decision.[74]

On June 20, Nifong began talks with the special prosecutor about the possibility of leaving office immediately.[75] But later that day, Easley appointed Jim Hardin, Nifong's predecessor, as acting district attorney. This came hours after Easley signed a bill that would allow the governor to remove a district attorney or judge from office if he or she has been disbarred or suspended from practicing law.[76][77] Easley strongly supported the bill, which unanimously passed both houses of the legislature.[78]

Easley had let it be known that he would have removed Nifong from office immediately if he had had the authority and power to do so. It had been unclear how soon Easley could have removed Nifong under this new law. The bill does not allow a governor to remove a DA or judge until the State Bar formally issued its order of disbarment, and all appeals have been exhausted. However, as mentioned above, Nifong had said he would not appeal. Hardin was sworn in the next day, and served until September 2007, when Easley appointed Assistant District Attorney David Saacks to fill out the first half of Nifong's term. At the time of Hardin's swearing-in, negotiations were still under way between Nifong and the special prosecutor,[79] and Hudson was proceeding with the hearing to remove him for good.[80] However, according to a spokesman for the state's Administrative Office of the Courts, Nifong's tenure as DA ended with Hardin's swearing-in.[1] Nifong formally resigned from office on July 2.[81]

Nifong's former assistant district attorney, Tracey Cline, was elected District Attorney in a 2008 special election and re-elected in 2010. She was removed from office herself in 2012 for, among other things, making defamatory accusations against Judge Hudson. Her license to practice law was suspended for five years in 2015 but she was not disbarred.[82][83]

On June 22, the players' lawyers filed their motion asking Superior Court Judge Osmond Smith, who presided over the case, to hold Nifong in contempt. The players also wanted Nifong to pay for the 60 to 100 hours it took to prove that he misrepresented the DNA evidence. Nifong was charged with having violated at least a dozen laws, rules and court orders designed to protect defendants' rights by playing "a game of hide and seek" with evidence that could have cleared the players. The players' motion also alleged that Nifong's misconduct "shocks the conscience and defies any notion of accident or negligence". Earlier that same month, Judge Smith had filed papers stating that he retained control over the case although the charges had been dismissed, and had the power to impose his own sanctions against Nifong.[84]

On July 25, Nifong issued a less qualified apology for his actions, saying he did not challenge Cooper's conclusion that there was "no credible evidence" to support the charges he'd made. While the players' attorneys expressed skepticism about his sincerity, they did withdraw their demands that he pay for the legal work it took to ferret out the DNA evidence.[85]

In a letter addressed to the North Carolina State Bar on August 7, Nifong formally surrendered his law license. He then decried the "fundamental unfairness" with which his disbarment was conducted, contradicting his own lawyer's assertion that Nifong believed disbarment to be an appropriate punishment. To explain the physical condition of the license, Nifong said the license had been damaged "by a puppy in her chewing stage", and therefore had never been framed or displayed.[86]

Sentence and jail

On September 7, 2007, Nifong reported to the Durham County jail to serve a one-day jail sentence for contempt of court. He was held alone in a cell for his protection.[87]

Sued by players

On October 5, 2007, Evans, Finnerty and Seligmann filed a federal lawsuit alleging that Nifong engineered a wide-ranging conspiracy to frame the players. Also named in the suit were the lab that handled the DNA work, the city of Durham, the city's former police chief, the deputy police chief, the two police detectives who handled the case and five other police department employees. The players are seeking unspecified damages, and also want to place the Durham Police Department under court supervision for 10 years, claiming the actions of the police department pose "a substantial risk of irreparable injury to other persons in the City of Durham." According to the suit, Nifong's sole motive was to win support for his reelection bid; the suit alleges that Nifong told his campaign manager that the case would provide "'millions of dollars' in free advertising."[88] This allegation is confirmed by The New York Times,[89] and by an interview with Nifong's campaign manager.[90] Nifong asked the state attorney general's office and the Administrative Office of the Courts to pay his legal fees and help defend him, but both offices refused on the grounds that Nifong's actions involved "fraud, corruption (and) malice."[91]

Bankruptcy filing

On January 15, 2008, Nifong filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code.[92] He listed assets of almost $244,000 and liabilities of over $180.3 million, virtually all of which derived from six $30 million "unsecured nonpriority claims", one for each of the six members of the 2005–2006 Duke lacrosse team suing Nifong, among others.

While the bankruptcy filing automatically delayed the civil suit against him, it may not protect Nifong from civil liability for his actions in the case. Unsecured creditors can still pursue claims against someone filing for bankruptcy if the debt was incurred through "willful and malicious injury" to them.[93] Seligmann's attorney, noted Triangle lawyer David Rudolf, said that the players intend to pursue such a claim.[94]

According to at least one bankruptcy law expert, Nifong's bankruptcy filing is a tacit admission that he does not have the resources to defend himself against the players' civil suit, and is trying to protect what assets he is allowed to protect under the law.[95]

On March 11, 2008, the Bankruptcy Administrator recommended that Nifong's Chapter 7 bankruptcy case be dismissed or converted to a Chapter 13 bankruptcy case because Nifong earned income above the requirement set forth in the Means Test to be eligible to file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case.[96] However, the Bankruptcy Court ultimately held that Nifong was eligible to be a debtor in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy case and granted him a bankruptcy discharge on June 4, 2008. Later that same year, Judge William L. Stocks lifted the automatic stay imposed by Nifong's bankruptcy filing, and announced that the plaintiffs can pursue their lawsuit.[97]

Later developments

In July 2014 there was a call for all the cases Nifong had prosecuted to be reviewed on the basis of his having been shown to ignore due process in some cases including the murder trial against Darryl Howard.[98]

In 2014, Darryl Howard, who at that time had been imprisoned for murder for 20 years, was granted a new trial because Nifong had withheld evidence in the trial that led to his convictions.[99]

In 2016, a judge vacated those murder verdicts because DNA evidence not presented to the jury raised doubts about the fairness of the trial.[100]

References

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  3. 1 2 3 Neff, Joseph (August 6, 2006). "Lacrosse files show gaps in DA's case". News & Observer. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006.
  4. ↑ Barksdale, Titan (August 4, 2007). "Nifong influenced criminal justice bills". News & Observer. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014.
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  33. ↑ "The Duke Case". The Washington Times. December 27, 2006.
  34. ↑ "Add another DA to the sorry list". The Star-News. December 21, 2006.,
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  37. 1 2 Niolet, Benjamin (April 20, 2006). "Spotlight is new place for Nifong". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on September 20, 2007.
  38. ↑ "Duke suspends lacrosse team from play amid rape allegations". USA Today. March 28, 2006.
  39. ↑ "Attorneys infuriated by DA's remarks". Herald Sun. July 18, 2006.
  40. ↑ "Duke lacrosse rape prosecutor says he hasn't discussed the case with accuser". Associated Press. October 27, 2006.
  41. ↑ "DA's critics ask bar, feds to intervene". The News & Observer. December 3, 2006. Archived from the original on December 22, 2006.
  42. ↑ "Inquiry of Nifong eyed over lacrosse". Durham Herald-Sun. December 12, 2006.
  43. ↑ "Nifong Probe Possible, U.S. Attorney General Says". WRAL.com. December 17, 2006.
  44. ↑ Neff, Joseph (March 14, 2007). "Quest to convict hid a lack of evidence". The News and Observer. Archived from the original on April 17, 2007. Retrieved April 14, 2007.
  45. ↑ "Paternity Test Ordered in Duke Lacrosse Rape Case". WRAL.com. December 15, 2006.
  46. ↑ "Lab director withheld DNA information". The Chronicle. December 15, 2006. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  47. 1 2 Kristof, Nicholas (June 11, 2006). "Jocks and Prejudice". The New York Times.
  48. ↑ Brooks, David (May 28, 2006). "The Duke Witch Hunt". The New York Times.
  49. ↑ "66th Annual Peabody Awards Winners Announced" (Press release). Peabody Award. April 4, 2007. CBS` "60 Minutes" won for "The Duke Rape Case", an Ed Bradley-led investigation of rape allegations against Duke University lacrosse players that stood widespread assumptions – and the prosecution's case – on their heads.
  50. ↑ Taylor Jr., Stuart (August 28, 2006). "Witness for the Prosecution?". Slate.
  51. ↑ Shafer, Jack (April 20, 2006). "Trial By Newspaper". Slate.
  52. ↑ "Pressure on Nifong in Duke case: Misstatements may cost him his career". The News & Observer. December 24, 2006. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007.
  53. ↑ Sowell, Thomas (January 2, 2007). "The real issue at Duke, Part I". Townhall.com. & Sowell, Thomas (January 3, 2007). "The real issue at Duke, Part II". Townhall.com.
  54. ↑ "Judge allows Duke lacrosse lawsuit to go forward". Fox News. Associated Press. March 31, 2011.
  55. ↑ "N.C. bar files ethics charges against Duke lacrosse prosecutor". Associated Press. December 28, 2006.
  56. ↑ "State Bar Files Ethics Complaint Against Mike Nifong". WRAL.com. December 28, 2006.
  57. ↑ Findlaw.com Archived May 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine..Digital image of thirty-three page Amended Complaint, as filed.
  58. ↑ "N.C. state bar files more ethics charges against Duke lacrosse prosecutor". Associated Press. January 24, 2007.
  59. ↑ North Carolina State Bar (March 19, 2007). "Brief in Opposition To Motion To Dismiss" (PDF). The News & Observer. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 20, 2007.
  60. ↑ "State Bar Says Nifong Skirted System in Handling of Duke Lacrosse Case". WRAL.com. March 20, 2007.
  61. ↑ "Duke Prosecutor Goes on Trial for Misconduct". ABC News.
  62. ↑ "Prosecutor of Duke lacrosse players resigns in disgrace". International Herald Tribune.
  63. 1 2 3 "Judge Suspends Resigned Nifong From DA's Office". WRAL.com. June 18, 2007.
  64. 1 2 "Mike Nifong profile" (PDF). North Carolina State Bar. June 16, 2007.
  65. ↑ Adcock, Sylvia (June 17, 2007). "Prosecutor in Duke Case Gives Up His Law License". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  66. ↑ Graham, David (June 16, 2007). "State Bar finds Nifong guilty on 27 counts of misconduct". The Duke Chronicle.
  67. 1 2 Benjamin, Niolet; Blythe, Anne (June 18, 2007). "Easley awaiting Nifong resignation". The News and Observer. Retrieved June 18, 2007.
  68. ↑ "Nifong will be disbarred for ethics violations". MSNBC. Associated Press. June 18, 2007. Retrieved November 5, 2007.
  69. ↑ Parker, Laura (June 19, 2007). "Disbarment may not be end for Nifong". USA Today. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
  70. ↑ "Suspension order" (PDF). (447 KiB)
  71. ↑ GS_7A-66 Archived December 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  72. ↑ Blythe, Anne; Neff, Joseph (June 19, 2007). "Durham judge suspends Nifong". The News and Observer. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
  73. ↑ "Judge is asked to remove Nifong". The News & Observer.
  74. ↑ "Effort to oust Nifong delayed". The News & Observer. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  75. ↑ "Nifong may leave office immediately". The News & Observer.
  76. ↑ Senate Bill 118-Third Edition Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., ncleg.net; accessed November 21, 2014.
  77. ↑ Jim Hardin Named To Replace Mike Nifong Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., wxii12.com; accessed November 21, 2014.
  78. ↑ North Carolina General Assembly – Senate Bill 118 Information/History (2007–08 Session) Archived June 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.; accessed November 21, 2014.
  79. ↑ "Hardin takes office as Durham DA". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on 2007-08-20.
  80. ↑ "Nifong: Hearing set for Thursday". USA Today. June 25, 2007. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  81. ↑ Nifong resignation ends ouster effort, newsobserver.com; accessed November 21, 2014.
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  83. ↑ Tracey Cline law license suspended Archived June 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., newsobserver.com; accessed May 30, 2016.
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  86. ↑ "Nifong: The Dog Ate My Law License". The Smoking Gun. August 15, 2007.
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  88. ↑ "Copy of lawsuit" (PDF). The News & Observer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27.
  89. ↑ Meadows, Susannah (April 6, 2014). "Telling Victim From Villain at Duke; ‘The Price of Silence’ Replays a Wrenching Campus Episode". The New York Times. Retrieved December 20, 2016. ...[Nifong's] campaign manager later quoted him as having said that the case would be worth “a million dollars of free advertisements.”
  90. ↑ Zenovich, Marina. "Fantastic Lies". 30 for 30. Season 3. Episode 7. Event occurs at 1:11:56. ESPN. I said to [Nifong], do you have any idea what you’re doing? You have no idea what impact this is going to have for or against your campaign. And [Nifong] just kind of smiled back at me and he said, "Yeah but it’s worth a million bucks in your advertisement."
  91. ↑ "State Won't Defend Nifong in Lacrosse Players' Suit". WRAL.com.
  92. ↑ "Mike Nifong Bankrupt". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved January 16, 2008.
  93. ↑ "Mike Nifong Files for Bankruptcy". WRAL.com.
  94. ↑ "Players still after Nifong's assets". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  95. ↑ "Nifong files for bankruptcy; city replies to suit". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on 2008-10-10.
  96. ↑ "Duke Lacrosse Players File Federal Lawsuit Against University, City of Durham". Fox News. February 21, 2008.
  97. ↑ "Judge: Duke lacrosse players can pursue lawsuit". Fox News. May 28, 2008.
  98. ↑ "N.C. judge overturns Darryl Howard conviction, finds prosecutor misconduct by Mike Nifong" Archived August 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., The Washington Post, May 27, 2014; accessed May 2, 2016.
  99. ↑ Zenovich, Marina. "Fantastic Lies". 30 for 30. Season 3. Episode 7. Event occurs at 1:39:47. ESPN. In 2014, a man imprisoned for murder for 20 years was granted a new trial based on evidence withheld by Nifong.
  100. ↑ Blythe, Anne (August 31, 2016). "Judge vacates murder convictions against Darryl Howard, Durham DA will not appeal". The News & Observer. Durham. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
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