Metropolitan regions in Germany

The metropolitan regions in Germany are eleven^[1] densely populated areas in the Federal Republic of Germany. They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centres of the country. The eleven metropolitan regions in Germany were organised into political units for planning purposes.

Using a narrower definition of metropolises, only four cities surpass the threshold of at least one million inhabitants within its administrative borders, namely: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne.

For urban centres outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or regio was introduced by German professors in 2006.^[2]

Metropolitan regions

Sorted alphabetically:

1. Berlin Metropolitan Region
2. Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region
3. Central German Metropolitan Region
4. Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region
5. Hamburg Metropolitan Region
6. Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region
7. Munich Metropolitan Region
8. Nuremberg Metropolitan Region
9. Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region
10. Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region (also covers the Cologne Bonn Region)
11. Stuttgart Metropolitan Region

Big five

The five most important regions, collectively often called the "Big Five",^[3][4] are frequently compared with other European metropolitan areas for investments and market development.^[5] They are (from north to south): Hamburg, Berlin, Düsseldorf/Cologne (or collectively Rhine-Ruhr), Frankfurt/Rhine-Main and Munich. Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) considers Frankfurt "α" (Alpha) Global Cities, while the others are considered "β" (Beta) global cities.^[6]

Frankfurt  Berlin  Hamburg  Munich  Düsseldorf (Rhine-Ruhr)

Each of them forms types of clusters and achieves varying levels of performance in areas such as business activity, human capital, information and technology exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement.^[7]

• Frankfurt/Rhine-Main, for its financial economy and human transport
• Berlin, for its political and cultural importance
• Hamburg, for its importance in global logistics
• Munich, for its business, science and technology community
• Düsseldorf/Cologne/Rhine-Ruhr, for its logistics, technology and industry

List

rank	metropolitan region (EMR)	core cities	states	population as by EMR[8] (2006)	population as by ESPON[9] (2007)	GDP per capita in €[10] (2006)	GMP in Billion €[8] (2006)	HQs of MNC (FG500[11])	annual passenger traffic (2008)
1	Rhine-Ruhr EMR	K, DO, D, E, DU	NW	11.47 million	12.19 million	29,486	338.21	13	30.80 million
	Ruhr	DO, E, DU, BO		5.26 million	5.38 million	25,266	132.90	4	2.30 million (DTM)
	Düsseldorf	D, W, MG		3.12 million	3.07 million	34,658	108.13	5	18.15 million (DUS)
	Cologne/Bonn	K, BN		3.09 million	3.07 million	31,448	97.18	4	10.35 million (CGN)
2	Frankfurt/Rhine-Main EMR	F, WI, MZ, DA, OF, HU	HE, RP, BY	6.0million	4.15 million	35,000	193.20	4	57.44 million (FRA, HHN)
3	Berlin/Brandenburg EMR	B, P	BE, BR	5.95 million	4.02 million	21,981	130.78	1	21.40 million (TXL, SXF)
4	Stuttgart EMR	S, RT, ES, HN	BW	5.29 million	N/A	31,909	168.80	3[12]	9.93 million
	Stuttgart	S, ES		2.67 million	2.67 million	35,492	94.76	3[12]	9.93 million[13] (STR)
5	Munich EMR	M, A, (IN)	BY	5.20 million	3.27 million	39,155	203.61	7	34.73 million
	Munich[14]	M, FS		2.59 million[15]	2.67 million	47,943	124.35[15]	7	34.73 million (MUC)
6	Central German EMR	L, DD, C, HAL, EF	SN, ST, TH	4.36 million	N/A	21,482	93.66	0	4.88 million
	Leipzig/Halle	L, HAL		1.50 million	1.21 million	no data	no data	0	2.46 million (LEJ)
	Dresden	DD		0.70 million[16]	0.88 million	no data	no data	0	1.86 million (DRS)
7	Hamburg EMR	HH	HH, SH, NI	4.27 million	2.98 million	33,210	141.81	2	12.84 million (HAM)
8	Hannover-Braunschweig- Göttingen-Wolfsburg EMR	H, BS, GÖ, WOB, SZ, HI	NI	3.91 million	N/A	27,251	106.55	3	5.74 million
	Braunschweig/Wolfsburg	BS, WOB, SZ		1.00 million[17]	1.00 million	no data	no data	1	0.10 million (BWE)
	Hannover	H		1.12 million*	1.00 million	no data	no data	2	5.64 million[18] (HAJ)
9	Nuremberg EMR	N, WÜ, FÜ, ER, BT, BA	BY	3.51 million	1.58 million	29,955	105.14	0	4.27 million[19] (NUE)
10	Bremen/Oldenburg EMR	HB, OL, HBx, DEL, WHV	HB, NI	2.37 million	1.08 million	27,046	64.10	0	2.49 million (BRE)
11	Rhine-Neckar EMR	MA, LU, HD, WO	BW, RP, HE	2.36 million	2.93 million	29,891	70.54	1	0
	metropolitan regions in Germany			57.74 million		29,412	1,698.23	34	168.75 million
	Germany			80.22 million		28,212	2,322.20	37	191.02 million[20]

  highest score of all metropolitan regions
  highest score of all metropolitan areas

See also

• Largest European metropolitan areas
• Largest urban areas of the European Union
• Demographics of Germany
• Tourism in Germany

References

1. ↑ Mitglieder Retrieved 12 June 2009.
2. ↑ Prof. Dr. Iris Reuther (FG Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Universität Kassel): Presentation "Regiopole Rostock". 11 December 2008, retrieved 13 June 2009 (PDF).
3. ↑ Hans Heinrich Blotevogel. (PDF) (in German) https://web.archive.org/web/20100602092219/http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C18102984_L20.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2011.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
4. ↑ Dr. Radetzki Consult GmbH (PDF) Retrieved 14 February 2011.
5. ↑ "C&W European Cities Monitor 2008: London, Paris and Frankfurt the best business locations in Europe". Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
6. ↑ The World According to GaWC 2010 Retrieved 14 February 2011.
7. ↑ "Positionierung Europäischer Metropolregionen in Deutschland, Metropolfunktionen in Metropolregionen" (PDF). Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung. 2009. p. 3. Retrieved 14 February 2011. 
8. 1 2 Regionales Monitoring 2008 - Daten und Karten zu den Europäischen Metropolregionen (EMR) in Deutschland (PDF) Retrieved 22 June 2009.
9. ↑ "ESPON project 1.4.3: Study on Urban Functions: Final Report" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2009. 
10. ↑ Regionales Monitoring 2008 - Daten und Karten zu den Europäischen Metropolregionen (EMR) in Deutschland
11. ↑ Global 500 CNNMoney Retrieved 22 June 2009.
12. 1 2 Retrieved 03 November 2015: Daimler, Bosch, LBBW
13. ↑ Wichtige Kennziffern der Flughafen Stuttgart GmbH Retrieved 22 June 2009.
14. ↑ http://www.region-muenchen.com/ Retrieved 25 June 2009.
15. 1 2 "Region München 2006 Regionaler Planungsverband München" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2009. 
16. ↑ "Bevölkerungsbilanz in der Stadt-Umland-Region". Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009. 
17. ↑ "Das Tätigkeitsgebiet: Die Region Braunschweig". Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009. 
18. ↑ http://www.hannover-airport.de/189.html Retrieved 22 June 2009. Archived October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
19. ↑ "Airport Nurnberg". Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009. 
20. ↑ ADV Monatsstatistik / ADV Monthly Traffic Statistics (PDF) Retrieved 22 June 2009.

External links

• Initiativkreises Europäischer Metropolregionen in Deutschland

Metropolitan regions in Germany
Berlin/Brandenburg Bremen/Oldenburg Hamburg Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg Munich Nuremberg Rhine-Main Rhine-Neckar Rhine-Ruhr Central German Stuttgart
states urban districts cities and towns (by population) municipalities

States of the Federal Republic of Germany
States	Baden-Württemberg (since 1952)   Bavaria (since 1949)   Brandenburg (since 1990)   Hesse (since 1949)   Lower Saxony (since 1949)   Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (since 1990)   North Rhine-Westphalia (since 1949)   Rhineland-Palatinate (since 1949)   Saarland (since 1957)   Saxony (since 1990)   Saxony-Anhalt (since 1990)   Schleswig-Holstein (since 1949)   Thuringia (since 1990)
City-states	Berlin (since 1990)   Bremen (since 1949)   Hamburg (since 1949)
Former states	South Baden (1949–1952)   Württemberg-Baden (1949–1952)   Württemberg-Hohenzollern (1949–1952)