Metropolitan Stores

Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd.
Variety store chain
Industry Retail
Fate Filed for bankruptcy in 1997, acquired by SAAN Stores
Successor SAAN Stores
Founded 1908 (as F.H. Brewster & Co.)
1920 (as Metropolitan Stores)
Founder F.H. Brewster
Defunct February 1997
Headquarters Winnipeg, Manitoba
Key people
 Albert D. Cohen (CEO)
Morley M. Cohen
Samuel N. Cohen
Charles F. Cohen
Products Clothing, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelry, beauty products, food and snacks, toys, appliances, housewares, tools, electronics
Owner Independent (until 1997)
Parent Gendis Inc.
Subsidiaries SAAN Stores
Greenberg Stores
Red Apple Stores

Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. (often referred to as The Met, Met Stores or Metropolitan) was a former Canadian chain of variety stores based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Metropolitan Stores chain was founded in 1920 and also operated junior department and clothing stores under the SAAN, Greenberg and Red Apple banners. At its peak, Metropolitan was one of the four largest variety chain store organizations in Canada with 180 stores in all the provinces and territories. In French, the chain was known as le Met and Metropolitaine.

The chain's headquarters was located at 1370 Sony Place in Winnipeg, Manitoba and its warehouse distribution centre was situated at 3075 Trans-Canada Highway in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. Albert D. Cohen served as CEO/Chairman of Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. from 1961 to 1997; Verne M. Bovie, E.W. Livingston, Harold L. Green, Ralph C. Wallar, Joseph H. Unger, Samuel N. Cohen, Morley M. Cohen, William J. Young, Charles F. Cohen and Ted Johnston all served as President of the Canadian division between 1920 and 1997.

History

Early years

The chain originated in 1908 when F.H. Brewster, the founder, opened his first five-and-ten cent store eponymously named F.H. Brewster & Company at 483-485 Talbot Street in St. Thomas, Ontario. Other stores subsequently were opened under the name of "F.H. Brewster & Company" in London, Ingersoll, Chatham and other Ontario cities. Unfortunately, Brewster lost his first two stores in London, Ontario: one before it even opened when the neighboring crockery store "Reid's Crystal Hall" collapsed into it during a renovation to the building on July 16, 1907, as two salesgirls were sorting out stock for the grand opening later that week;[1] the other store was lost in a Dundas Street fire only a year or two after operation on the night of November 3, 1911. Brewster's new store, which appeared the following year, was built and designed for the owner Sir George Gibbons by London architects Watt & Blackwell.[2]

On February 1, 1913, Brewster's new three-storey store at 146-148 Colborne Street in Brantford, Ontario was also damaged by a fire to the extent of $25,000. The fire erupted in the morning when the store was open and employees and customers were inside. The store's large stock of flammable material flashed into a blazing furnace.[3]

The company was officially incorporated in Canada as Metropolitan Stores Ltd. on May 11, 1920 under the laws of the Dominion of Canada and commenced business after "Metropolitan 5 to 50¢ Stores Inc." of the United States purchased control of the "Canadian Smallwares Company" chain of seven stores and merged it with four units of the "Variety 5¢ and 10¢ Stores" of Montreal, numbering eleven stores in all. At the close of 1928, Metropolitan Stores was operating a chain of 130 stores from coast to coast in both Canada and the United States, with 31 Canadian stores alone located in four provinces: Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.[4]

On March 30, 1929, the newly renovated and expanded Metropolitan Store and its Canadian head office opened at 136, 138 and 140 Dundas Street in London. The buildings at 136, 138 and 140 Dundas Street were also built by London architects Watt & Blackwell in 1914: 136 and 138 Dundas Street was built for the Metropolitan Store, while 140 Dundas Street was combined and renovated with 136 and 138 Dundas to house the Canadian head office for Metropolitan Stores.

Rise and expansion

By 1930, Metropolitan Stores Ltd. was operating 52 stores and had assets of $10 million, sales of $7.4 million and a net profit of $423,000. On October 6, 1930, "Metropolitan 5 to 50¢ Stores Inc." sold its Canadian subsidiary to F. & W. Grand-Silver Stores Inc. of the United States and when this latter company went into receivership three years later, H.L. Green Company Inc. (also of the United States) acquired them both on July 26, 1933. Shortly afterwards, the Metropolitan name disappeared in the U.S. but it remained in Canada. In subsequent years, the Metropolitan Store chain prospered and expanded at a conservative rate, operating 85 stores in practically all of the principal cities in Canada between 1933 and 1960.

After 40 years of being controlled by United States interests, H.L. Green Company Inc. signed an agreement on March 3, 1961, for the sale of the operating assets of its wholly owned Canadian subsidiary of Metropolitan Stores Ltd. to investment bankers James Richardson & Sons Ltd. of Winnipeg, Manitoba for approximately $19 million in cash, which officially returned the company to 100 per cent coast to coast Canadian ownership. The agreement brought 86 stores and one warehouse located mainly in Ontario, Quebec and Winnipeg with annual sales in excess of $20 million and an annual profit after taxes of more than $1 million. Following the purchase, James Richardson & Sons transferred the business of Metropolitan Stores Ltd. to a newly formed Canadian corporation that became known as Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd.[5]

Two months later on May 15, 1961, Albert D. Cohen, President of the Cohen family-owned real estate and investment company General Distributors Ltd. (headquartered in Winnipeg and whose name was changed to Gendis Inc. in 1983) announced that he and his associates had purchased a major interest in Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. and, under his leadership, plans were underway for substantial expansion and development, including the opening of new Metropolitan Stores in shopping centres across the country. Soon after General Distributors acquired Metropolitan Stores, it closed the London, Ontario executive office and relocated that function to the new executive office and warehouse in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. By 1963, Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. was the fourth largest variety chain store organization in Canada, behind Woolworth's, Kresge and Zellers, operating 111 stores from coast to coast.[6]

Metropolitan Stores continued to expand directly and through its subsidiaries (Greenberg Stores and SAAN Stores) throughout the 1960s and 1970s, totaling 180 stores in all Canadian provinces, including 64 junior department stores operated by Greenberg Stores and 73 stores operated by SAAN Stores, with a total of 24 Metropolitan stores which opened between 1973 and 1976. Of the 180 stores in the Metropolitan chain, there were 50 in Ontario, 15 in Nova Scotia, 17 in New Brunswick, 35 in Quebec, 8 in Manitoba, 7 in Saskatchewan, 11 in Alberta, 6 in British Columbia, 2 in Prince Edward Island and 29 in Western Canada. By the mid-1970s, General Distributors' portfolio of Metropolitan Stores and its subsidiaries was riding high and annual sales stood at $137 million.[7]

Closures, bankruptcy and acquisition by SAAN

During the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s, several of the Metropolitan Stores were either closed or converted into SAAN Stores due to the harsh economic climate, as well as intense retail competition in eastern Canada. Metropolitan and its subsidiary Greenberg Stores struggled financially in the 1990s as the Canadian retail landscape changed with the 1994 entry of Walmart Canada followed by its acquisition of 122 Woolco stores which exerted significant additional competitive pressure on retail stores.[8]

During the 1990s, some of the Metropolitan store locations were renamed The Met while other stores continued to operate under the full Metropolitan banner. In 1994, Gendis Inc. began converting Metropolitan Stores and Greenberg Stores to the new department store format called MetMart (named after its sister chain Metropolitan) as an attempt to compete against Walmart; however, the MetMart conversion strategy proved to be unsuccessful and was short-lived.

By 1996, cracks began to appear in the Gendis retail empire due to declining sales revenues and their MMG Management Group of Montreal was voluntarily assigned into bankruptcy on February 11, 1997. When Gendis closed its remaining 169 Metropolitan Stores, MetMart and Greenberg Stores for good in February 1997, SAAN acquired 89 of these outlets at a cost of $31 million and rebranded them under the SAAN Stores and Red Apple Stores banners.[9]

Metropolitan Stores were usually free-standing or located in strip malls or shopping malls and ranged in size between 20,000 to 40,000 square feet (1,900 to 3,700 m2). The stores carried household items (batteries, locks, screwdrivers, hammers, saws, wrenches, pliers, wire cutters, nuts, bolts, screws, shovels, pitchforks, hand spades, spades, rakes, watering hoses, sprinklers), sundries, seasonal products, clothing and footwear (men, women, children, infants), food and snacks, jewellery, stationery, crockery, beauty products, furniture, toys (namely dolls, doll clothing including dresses, sleep ware and accessories, model cars, miniature pick-up trucks, container trucks, wheels, rigs and doll play bags), vinyl records, electronics, creative products like needlecrafts, fabrics and Phentex yarn.

The Metropolitan Stores slogans included the following:

Metropolitan's original logo used during 1970s and 1980s

On September 15, 1966, Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. adopted its company logo consisting of a large letter "M" in blue bold font which bears a stylized red maple leaf as its centre containing "MET" lettered in white color.[10]

Cafe Met

For many years, Metropolitan featured in-store lunch counter-style restaurants known as Cafe Met which were usually located at the back of the stores or, when a store had a second sales floor, they were located either in the basement or upstairs on the first floor. However, as the years went on and many larger stores were either closed or converted, fewer Metropolitan Stores had cafes in them. They served a fairly standard menu of hot and cold drinks, hamburgers, hot dogs, fries, and such other sandwiches as grilled cheese, hot turkey and turkey club sandwiches.

Subsidiaries

Rideau Street store

The former Metropolitan Store at 80 Rideau Street, Ottawa, ON

The largest of the flagship Metropolitan Stores chain in Canada was located at 80 Rideau Street, a major street of primary retail thoroughfares in Downtown Ottawa, Ontario, which opened on April 7, 1949. The Metropolitan building, situated at the southwest corner of Rideau and Mosgrove Streets (later renamed Freiman Street), was the setting of a modernized two-storey shopping center which included complete wearing apparel sections for men, women, children and infants, a lunch counter, an elevator and escalator from the first to the second floor, a wide stairway, a pastry department and a customers' lounge were also featured in this spacious store. The store's exterior façade included wide visual all-glass windows from floor to ceiling, presenting a complete view of the interior from front to rear walls; above the doors and window frontage, the full Metropolitan name was illuminated in red letters making it visible at night.[11]

The Metropolitan continued to operate at this location until the early 1980s. By January 1981, when a whole block of stores on the south side of Rideau and Freiman Streets was torn down to make room for the construction of the Rideau Centre shopping complex, the Metropolitan Store remained opened for a few months longer and was in the middle of the stretch of Rideau that was being developed. The store was not expropriated at the time surrounding properties were taken over by the federal government. The Metropolitan was originally slated to be incorporated into Rideau Centre, with plans to convert it from a nickel-and-dime store into a luxury goods store, but those plans were eventually canceled.[12]

Instead, the City of Ottawa and General Distributors of Winnipeg agreed in December 1981 to close Metropolitan and approved a $1.5 million redevelopment of the store's building as part of the Rideau Centre project. Once the Metropolitan Store closed in early 1982, the building's two-storey interior was completely renovated (with a third floor added) and subdivided into smaller spaces to be rented to a dozen retail stores. The façade was replaced to match the exterior of the Rideau Centre, and the interior shopping mall linked the Metropolitan building with the rest of the complex. The former building continued to be owned and leased to various stores by Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. after the Rideau Centre opened in 1983.[13]

Today, a vast majority of the first and second floor spaces of the old Metropolitan Store building in the Rideau Centre are presently occupied by Forever 21 store, and the rest of the subdivided spaces are still being rented by retail stores.

Presidents

Metropolitan Stores incidents

Fires

On the Christmas evening of December 25, 1930, a blaze erupted from the Artemis Sweets confectionery store and completely demolished the adjoining Metropolitan Store located at 146-148 Colborne Street in Brantford, Ontario. The fire was brought under control by the local fire department, with the assistance of one pumper and 17 firemen from the Hamilton department. The damage was estimated at nearly $150,000. Artemis Sweets was not rebuilt but the Metropolitan Store at 146 Colborne Street, was.[17]

On January 7, 1932, the Metropolitan Store on Dundas Street in London, Ontario was severely damaged in a disastrous fire that began at the T.F. Kingsmill Company department store which eventually spread to adjoining shops, including a dry goods store and a crockery company. The damage caused a loss estimated at $1 million and required a complete rebuilding of the store.[18]

On October 22, 1937, a three-alarm fire that raged through three buildings in the downtown area of Göttingen Street in Halifax, Nova Scotia also destroyed the three-storey wooden structure of the Metropolitan Store, as well as water and smoke damage to adjacent firms. The local fire department battled the blaze for four hours and damages were estimated at $100,000.[19]

On September 10, 1938, a fire damaged the top floors of the three-storey Metropolitan Store building at 101st Street and 101A Avenue in Edmonton, Alberta. The building, valued at approximately $100,000, was gutted the following day on the second and third floors and much of the stock (valued at $250,000) was damaged. Customers and employees were ordered by store officials to vacate the premises as soon as the smoke was first noticed. The building was re-designed and upgraded in 1962. When the Metropolitan Store left the building in the early 1980s, the building was converted into offices and was later demolished in 1990.[20]

On July 31, 1957, a fire which destroyed a whole corner block of stores and second-storey apartments, spread quickly to the adjoining Metropolitan Store and the Lady Ann Dress Shop at the Treasure Island Mall on Wellington Road in Tillsonburg, Ontario. No one was injured and damages were estimated to be well over $100,000.[21]

On July 26, 1976, a fire destroyed the Metropolitan Store at the corner of Royal Road and Saskatchewan Avenue in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. The local Fire Chief was full of praise for his staff's work, as well as the volunteers who helped keep the fire from spreading to adjacent business locations. Shortly thereafter, the Metropolitan Store was rebuilt and reopened for business and the new store featured modern fixtures and a larger lunch counter.[22]

Windsor store explosion

On October 25, 1960, a massive gas explosion destroyed the building housing the Metropolitan Store at 439 Ouellette Avenue in Windsor, Ontario. Ten people were killed and one hundred injured. The explosion blew out the building's rear wall and the second floor collapsed, trapping employees and customers, many of whom were senior citizens who had been sitting earlier at the lunch counter. Hundreds of rescuers, many of them volunteers, scrambled through the rubble searching for the wounded and the dead. The furnace was being changed from coal to gas.

The cause of the explosion was a broken gas line in the basement. The main floor blew out, allowing the upper two floors to collapse into the space. The plumbing contractor was found at fault for not using proper procedures. The building was eventually demolished.[23]

The 50th anniversary of the event was commemorated by the Windsor Star on October 23, 2010, and was also featured on History Television's Disasters of the Century.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Dawson Daily News: Whole Block Collapses and Nine are Killed
  2. ↑ History of Metropolitan Market at metropolitanmarket.wordpress.com
  3. ↑ Colborne Street Calamities at Brantford Expositor
  4. ↑ The Ottawa Journal November 26, 1963
  5. ↑ Winnipeg Firm Buys Metropolitan Stores at Ottawa Journal March 4, 1961
  6. ↑ Metropolitan Stores Under New Owners at Ottawa Citizen May 16, 1961
  7. ↑ Levine, Sumner N. Financial Analyst's Handbook: Methods, theory, and portfolio management Dow Jones-Irwin, 1975
  8. ↑ Canadian Bankruptcy/Insolvency and Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Law Maither, Lyndon, CFE, B.Comm.
  9. ↑ Gendis Inc. Withdraws Financial Support for MMG Management Group MMG closes Montreal Head Office. February 11, 1997
  10. ↑ Metropolitan Stores of Canada Ltd. trade-mark data at Canadian Intellectual Property Office
  11. ↑ First Metropolitan Store Opens in Ottawa Thursday at Ottawa Citizen April 6, 1949.
  12. ↑ Rideau Street evictions anger small merchants at Ottawa Citizen December 4, 1980
  13. ↑ Store Renovations Approved at Ottawa Citizen December 2, 1981.
  14. ↑ Chair Store Age, Vol. 2: Verne M. Bovie, President of Metropolitan Stores 1926.
  15. ↑ United States Investor: Metropolitan 5-50 Cent Stores Inc. Bennett, F.P. 1922.
  16. ↑ The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Vol. 132: Metropolitan Stores: New President 1931.
  17. ↑ Colborne Street Calamities at Brantford Expositor
  18. ↑ $1,000,000 Damage in Fire at London at Montreal Gazette January 8, 1932
  19. ↑ 3 Buildings Razed by Halifax Fire at Montreal Gazette October 23, 1937
  20. ↑ Store in Edmonton Damaged by Blaze at Montreal Gazette September 12, 1938
  21. ↑ Firemen Quell Tillsonburg $100,000 Fire at Montreal Gazette August 1, 1957
  22. ↑ Green, Les. Looking back down the lane at Central Plains Herald Leader
  23. ↑ Windsor Fire & Rescue Services: 1960 Explosion Remembered
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