5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
Names
IUPAC name
N-[4-(3-amino-1-oxo-1,4,5,6,6a,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,5-f]pteridin-8(9H)-yl)benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid
Other names
5,10-CH2-THF,
MTHF
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
MeSH 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
Properties
C20H23N7O6
Molar mass 457.44 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate (N5,N10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate; 5,10-CH2-THF) is the substrate used by the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)[1][2] to generate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF, or levomefolic acid).

The diastereoisomer [6R]-5,10-methylene-THF is the key endogenous one-carbon donor and a co-substrate of the TS (thymidylate synthase) enzyme for methylation of 2-deoxy-uridine-5-monophosphate (dUMP) to 2-deoxy-thymidine-5-monophosphate (dTMP). The coenzyme is necessary for the biosynthesis of thymidine and is the C1-donor in the reactions catalyzed by TS and thymidylate synthase (FAD).

[6R]-5,10-methylene-THF is a biomodulator that has proven to enhance the desired cytotoxic antitumor effect of Fluorouracil (5-FU) and can bypass the metabolic pathway required by other folates (such as leucovorin) to achieve necessary activation.[3] The active metabolite is being evaluated in clinical trials for patients with colorectal cancer in combination with 5-FU.

It also acts as a cofactor in the synthesis of serine from glycine via the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

MTHFR metabolism: folate cycle, methionine cycle, trans-sulfuration and hyperhomocysteinemia. 5-MTHF: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; 5,10-methyltetrahydrofolate; BAX: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BHMT: betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase; CBS: cystathionine beta synthase; CGL: cystathionine gamma-lyase; DHF: dihydrofolate (vitamin B9); DMG: dimethylglycine; dTMP: thymidine monophosphate; dUMP: deoxyuridine monophosphate; FAD+ flavine adenine dicucleotide; FTHF: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate; MS: methionine synthase; MTHFR: mehtylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; SAH: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine; SAME: S-adenosyl-L-methionine; THF: tetrahydrofolate.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H)".
  2. ↑ Födinger M, Hörl WH, Sunder-Plassmann G (2000). "Molecular biology of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.". J Nephrol. 13 (1): 20–33. PMID 10720211.
  3. ↑ Danenberg, Peter V.; Gustavsson, Bengt; Johnston, Patrick; Lindberg, Per; Moser, Rudolf; Odin, Elisabeth; Peters, Godefridus J.; Petrelli, Nicholas (2016-10-01). "Folates as adjuvants to anticancer agents: Chemical rationale and mechanism of action". Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology. 106: 118–131. ISSN 1879-0461. PMID 27637357. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.001.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.