Myeik, Myanmar
Myeik (Burmese: မြိတ်မြို့; MLCTS: mrit mrui., pronounced [mjeɪʔ mjo̰] or [beɪʔ mjo̰]; Mon: ဗိက်, [pòik]; Thai: มะริด, rtgs: Marit, pronounced [má(ʔ).rít]), formerly Mergui (/mɜːrˈɡwiː/), is a city in Tanintharyi Region in Myanmar (Burma), located in the extreme south of the country on the coast of an island on the Andaman Sea. As of 2010 the estimated population was over 209,000.[1] The area inland from the city is a major smuggling corridor into Thailand. The Singkhon Pass, also known as the Maw-daung Pass, has an international cross-border checkpoint.[2]
History
Myeik was the southernmost part of the Pagan Kingdom between the 11th and 13th centuries. After the Pagan Empire's collapse in 1287, Myeik became part of successive Thai kingdoms from the late 13th century to the middle of 18th century: first the Sukhothai Kingdom and later the Ayutthaya Kingdom. A brief period of Bamar rule interrupted this between 1564-93.
From the 16th century on, the city was an important seaport and trading center with the Europeans, who would land at Myeik (then called Mergui), travel upriver to Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) and then cross the mountains to reach Ayutthaya. The French officer Chevalier de Beauregard was made Governor of the city of Myeik after the Siam-England war (1687) that resulted in the English being expelled from Siam.[3] De Beauregard was named Governor by Narai, the king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, replacing an Englishman, Samuel White.[4] The French were then expelled from Myeik following the Siamese revolution of 1688.
The Burmese captured Myeik in 1765 as part of an invasion that would ultimately topple the Ayutthaya kingdom in 1767. In 1826, the Burmese ceded the region to the British after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826).
In the Pacific Theater of World War II, Imperial Japanese forces used laborers to construct the Mergui Road to aid their retreat after rail line were destroyed by Allied bombings.
Present-Day Myeik
Myeik is a town of Tanintharyi Division. It is in lower Myanmar. It is situated in Tanintharyi Division of southern part of Myanmar. It has a seaport. It is a small town but it is a very important town in Myanmar. It is also the coastal capital of Coastal Command. The town is close to the sea, so the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. The area of Myeik is 7783 square miles.
As of 2014, the estimated population was over seven lakh. They are workers, government servants, traders, business men and fishermen. Most of the people are Myanmar and Buddhists. The Theindawgyi and the Mahartheintdizaya are main attraction pagodas in Myeik. There are many important offices, hospitals, hotels, banks, schools, universities and shopping centers. Many high-rise buildings have been built. Myeik is famous for its products such as pearl, rubber, edible bird's nest, dried fish, dried prawn and Ngapi (shrimp paste).
Climate
Myeik has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Temperatures are very warm throughout the year. There is a short winter dry season (December–January) and a long wet season (February–November), with particularly heavy rain falling from May to September.
| Climate data for Myeik | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 31.4 (88.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.5 (85.1) |
30.7 (87.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.05 (87.89) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 20.7 (69.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
22.91 (73.25) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4 (0.16) |
51 (2.01) |
55 (2.17) |
128 (5.04) |
422 (16.61) |
783 (30.83) |
740 (29.13) |
868 (34.17) |
482 (18.98) |
302 (11.89) |
73 (2.87) |
13 (0.51) |
3,921 (154.37) |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [5] | |||||||||||||
Economy
The population is engaged in fishing, production of natural rubber and coconuts, manufacture of fermented shrimp paste, the collection of edible bird's nests and pearl farming. Mergui is a gateway to the 800 offshore islands of the Mergui Archipelago, which are developing a tourist trade. Tourism in the area is restricted to cruises as land based accommodations are currently non-existent on the islands
Ethnicity
The inhabitants of the city are descended from many ethnic groups, including Bamars, Overseas Chinese, Karen, Indians, Mon, and Moken. They speak Burmese with a distinctive accent.
Education
See also
References
- ↑ "Myanmar: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population:calculation 2010". Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. World Gazetteer
- ↑ Maw-daung Pass
- ↑ Vollant des Verquains 2002, p. 99.
- ↑ John Anderson 1890, p. 365.
- ↑ "Myeik Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
Bibliography
 |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Myeik. |
- Anderson, John (1890). English Intercourse with Siam in the Seventeenth Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-24548-7.
- General Desfarges; Vollant des Verquains, Jean (2002). Three Military Accounts of the 1688 "revolution" in Siam. Orchid Press. ISBN 978-974-524-005-6.
- Pardieu, Vincent (December 2007) "South Sea Cultured Pearls From Mergui, Burma (Myanmar)"
Coordinates: 12°26′N 98°36′E / 12.433°N 98.600°E
Capital: Myeik | |
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