Memory Stick

Memory Stick

From top to bottom: Memory Stick PRO, Memory Stick PRO Duo, Memory Stick Micro (M2)
Media type Flash memory card
Capacity 128 MB (Original)
32 GB (PRO Series)
2 TB (XC Series)
Developed by Sony
Extended to Memory Stick PRO, Memory Stick Duo, Memory Stick Pro Duo, Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo, and Memory Stick Micro

Memory Stick is a removable flash memory card format, originally launched by Sony in late 1998.[1] In addition to the original Memory Stick, this family includes the Memory Stick PRO, a revision that allows greater maximum storage capacity and faster file transfer speeds; Memory Stick Duo, a small-form-factor version of the Memory Stick (including the PRO Duo); the even smaller Memory Stick Micro (M2), and the Memory Stick PRO-HG, a high speed variant of the PRO to be used in high-definition video and still cameras.

As a proprietary format, Sony exclusively used Memory Stick on their products in the 2000s such as Cyber-shot cameras, VAIO PCs and the PlayStation Portable,[2] with the format being licensed to a few other companies early in its lifetime. With increasing popularity of SD card, in 2010 Sony started to support the SD card format, which was seen as a Sony loss in the format war.[3] Despite this, Sony continued to support Memory Stick on certain devices.

History

The original Memory Stick, which was launched in October 1998, was available in sizes up to 128 MB.

In October 1999 Sony licensed the technology to Fujitsu, Aiwa, Sanyo, Sharp, Pioneer and Kenwood, in a bid to avoid a repetition of the Betamax failure.[4] Other companies were also licensees to the format. Some early examples of Memory Stick usage by third-party companies include Sharp's MP3 players, Alpine's in-dash players, and Epson's printers.[5]

Initially the format had a lukewarm reception, but it soon increased in popularity, especially after the licensing deal. In spring 2001, Memory Stick attained 25% market share (against CompactFlash's 40% and SmartMedia's 32%), up from 7% a year earlier. By May 2001, total shipment of Memory Stick units surpassed 10 million.[6]

However the SD card, jointly-developed by Toshiba, Panasonic and SanDisk, became widely popular among companies and soon became the most popular flash format - by November 2003 it held 42% market share in the United States, ahead of CompactFlash's 26% and Memory Stick with 16%.[7] Eventually Sony themselves became the only company to support the format. Sony were often criticized for the Memory Stick as they were deemed to be expensive compared to other formats.[8]

As of January 2010, it appears that Sony is beginning to combine support for SD/SDHC and Memory Stick formats in their products. All digital cameras and camcorders announced by Sony at the 2010 Consumer Electronics Show can use SD and SDHC cards as well as Memory Sticks.[9][10][11][12][13] Furthermore, Sony is releasing its own line of SD cards.[14] Many claim this development as the end of the format war between Memory Stick and SD card. However, Sony did not abandon the format at this time, and has indicated it will continue development of the format for the foreseeable future. A prime example is the development of WiFi transfers through a special Memory Stick Pro-Duo which is still in development as of 2011.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Memory Stick cards were almost entirely produced by Sony themselves. SanDisk and Lexar were among few third-party Memory Stick producers.

Applications

Typically, Memory Sticks are used as storage media for a portable device, in a form that can easily be removed for access by a personal computer. For example, Sony digital compact cameras use Memory Stick for storing image files. With a Memory Stick-capable Memory card reader a user can copy the pictures taken with the Sony digital camera to a computer. Sony typically includes Memory Stick reader hardware in its first party consumer electronics, such as digital cameras, digital music players, PDAs, cellular phones, the VAIO line of laptop computers, and the Sony's handheld device, the PlayStation Portable.

A special Memory Stick can be inserted in the hindquarters[22] of Sony's AIBO robot pet, to enable the use of Aiboware—software intended for use on AIBOs. The Sticks include a copy protection mechanism used by the robot, allowing users to write programs. These are referred to as programmable or programming. Only 8 MB and 16 MB versions are available.

Formats and form factors

Memory Sticks include a wide range of actual formats, including three different form factors.

Memory Stick

The original Memory Stick
Sony Memory Stick with MagicGate

The original Memory Stick is approximately the size and thickness of a stick of chewing gum. It was available in sizes from 4 MB to 128 MB. It was available both with and without MagicGate support. The MagicGate supporting memory sticks were white colored, while the standard version was purple. The original Memory Stick is no longer manufactured.

Memory Stick Select

Lexar 256 MB Memory Stick Select with memory switch.

In response to the storage limitations of the original Memory Stick, Sony introduced the Memory Stick Select at CES 2003 on January 9.[23] The Memory Stick Select was two separate 128 MB partitions which the user could switch between using a (physical) switch on the card. This solution was fairly unpopular, but it did give users of older Memory Stick devices more capacity. Its physical size was still the same as the original Memory Stick.

Memory Stick PRO

The Memory Stick PRO, introduced on January 9, 2003 as a joint effort between Sony and SanDisk,[24] would be the longer-lasting solution to the space problem. Most devices that use the original Memory Sticks support both the original and PRO sticks since both formats have identical form factors. Some readers that were not compatible could be upgraded to Memory Stick PRO support via a firmware update. Memory Stick PROs have a marginally higher transfer speed and a maximum theoretical capacity of 32 GB, although it appears capacities higher than 4 GB are only available in the PRO Duo form factor. High Speed Memory Stick PROs are available, and newer devices support this high speed mode, allowing for faster file transfers. All Memory Stick PROs larger than 1 GB support this High Speed mode, and High Speed Memory Stick Pros are backwards-compatible with devices that don't support the High Speed mode. High capacity memory Sticks such as the 4 GB versions are expensive compared to other types of flash memory such as SD cards and CompactFlash. According to Sony, the Memory Stick PRO has a maximum theoretical size of 2 TB.[25]

Memory Stick Duo

The Memory Stick Duo was developed in response to Sony's need for a smaller flash memory card for pocket-sized digital cameras, cell phones and the PlayStation Portable. It is slightly smaller than the competing Secure Digital (SD) format and roughly two thirds the length of the standard Memory Stick form factor, but costs more. Memory Stick Duos are available with the same features as the larger standard Memory Stick, available with and without high speed mode, and with and without MagicGate support. The Memory Stick PRO Duo has replaced the Memory Stick Duo due to its 128 MB size limitation, but has kept the same form factor as the Duo.

Memory Stick Duo Adaptor and Memory Stick PRO Duo.

A simple adapter allows Memory Stick Duo to be used in devices designed to accept the original Memory Stick form factor.

Memory Stick PRO Duo

A Sony Memory Stick PRO Duo. 16GB

The Memory Stick PRO Duo (MSPD) quickly replaced the Memory Stick Duo due to the Duo's size limitation of 128 MB and slow transfer speed. Memory Stick PRO Duos are available in all the same variants as the larger Memory Stick PRO, with and without High Speed mode, and with and without MagicGate support.

Sony has released different versions of Memory Stick PRO Duo. A Memory Stick Pro Duo with Magic Gate was released as a 512MB stick.[26] Additionally, a 16 GB version on March 2008 and another a 32 GB version on August 21, 2009.[27] In 2009 Sony and SanDisk also announced the joint development of an expanded Memory Stick PRO format tentatively named "Memory Stick PRO Format for Extended High Capacity" that would extend capacity to a theoretical maximum of 2 terabytes.[28] Sony has since finalized the format and released its specification under the new name, Memory Stick XC.[29]

Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo

PRO-HG Duo (8GB)

On December 11, 2006, Sony, together with SanDisk, announced the Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo. While only serial and 4-bit parallel interfaces are supported in the Memory Stick PRO format, an 8-bit parallel interface was added to the Memory Stick PRO-HG format. Also, the maximum interface clock frequency was increased from 40 MHz to 60 MHz. With these enhancements, a theoretical transfer rate of 480 Mbit/s (60 Mbyte/s) is achieved, which is three times faster than the Memory Stick PRO format.

Memory Stick Micro (M2)

Memory Stick Micro.

In a joint venture with SanDisk, Sony released a new Memory Stick format on February 6, 2006. The Memory Stick Micro (M2) measures 15 × 12.5 × 1.2 mm (roughly one-quarter the size of the Duo) with 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB, and 16 GB capacities available. The format has a theoretical limit of 32 GB and maximum transfer speed of 160 Mbit/s. However, as with the PRO Duo format, it has been expanded through the XC series as Memory Stick XC Micro and Memory Stick XC-HG Micro, both with the theoretical maximum capacity of 2 TB.[29]

The M2 comes with an adapter, much like the Duo Sticks, to ensure physical compatibility with Memory Stick PRO devices. However, not all devices with a PRO slot are compatible with the M2/Adapter combination, as the firmware of older devices don't support the higher capacity of some M2 cards. One example is certain Sony CLIÉ PDAs which don't support cards larger than 2 GB.[30]

Sony announced on June 1, 2009 that M2 support in Sony Ericsson phones would be dropped in favor of microSD.[31]

Memory Stick XC

On January 7, 2009, SanDisk and Sony announced the Memory Stick XC format (tentatively named "Memory Stick Format Series for Extended High Capacity" at the time).[32] [33] The Memory Stick XC has a maximum 2 TB capacity, 64 times larger than that of the Memory Stick PRO which is limited to 32 GB. XC series has the same form factors as PRO series, and supports MagicGate content protection technology as well as Access Control function as PRO series does. In line with the rest of the industry, the XC series uses the newer exFAT file system due to size and formatting limitations of FAT/FAT16/FAT32 filesystems used in the PRO series.[34][35] A maximum transfer speed of 480 Mbit/s (60 Mbyte/s) is achieved through 8-bit parallel data transfer.[36]

Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo HX

Sony announced the release of the Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo HX on May 17, 2011, which was considered the fastest card ever made by the manufacturer. It measures 20 × 31 × 1.6 mm, with 8 GB, 16 GB, or 32 GB versions available. Also, the format offers a maximum transfer speed of 50 MB per second.[37]

Mark 2 Certification

As of early 2008, Mark 2-certified versions of the Memory Stick PRO Duo became available. The Mark 2 designation indicates the Memory Stick is suitable for use with AVCHD recording products or other faster Memory Stick enabled devices by providing appropriate minimum write performance.[38]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Sony Global – Press Release – Sony Announces 'Memory Stick' Recordable IC Memory Card Products New Format Supports Recording and Playback of Audio/Video Content" (Press release). Sony.net. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  2. ↑ https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/182183-the-worst-storage-mediums-of-all-time/3
  3. ↑ http://www.technologizer.com/2010/01/06/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-memory-stick-hope-so/
  4. ↑ https://www.dpreview.com/articles/3633126940/sonylic
  5. ↑ http://www.simmtester.com/page/news/showpubnews.asp?num=64
  6. ↑ http://www.simmtester.com/page/news/showpubnews.asp?num=64
  7. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/02/business/technology-memory-evolution-survival-of-the-smallest.html
  8. ↑ http://www.economist.com/node/3738979
  9. ↑ "Sony.com". News.sel.sony.com. January 6, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  10. ↑ "Sony.com". News.sel.sony.com. January 6, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  11. ↑ "Sony.com". News.sel.sony.com. January 6, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Sony.com". News.sel.sony.com. January 6, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  13. ↑ "Sony.com". News.sel.sony.com. January 6, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Sony.com". News.sel.sony.com. January 6, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  15. ↑ Taub, Eric A. (January 7, 2010). "Sony's Memory Stick: Bowing to Reality". The New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  16. ↑ Velocity. "Forbes.com". Forbes. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  17. ↑ "FT.com". Blogs.ft.com. January 7, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Endgadget.com". Engadget.com. January 6, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  19. ↑ "IEEE.org". Spectrum.ieee.org. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  20. ↑ McCracken, Harry (January 7, 2010). "PCworld.com". PCworld.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  21. ↑ "APCMAG.com". APCMAG.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  22. ↑ "CBS News, 48 Hours – AIBO, The Digital Wonder Dog: Sony Spends Millions On Robotic Canine". Cbsnews.com. February 11, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  23. ↑ https://www.dpreview.com/articles/8431534296/mspro
  24. ↑ "Sony.net". Sony.net. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  25. ↑ Nikkei Electronics Asia (January 8, 2009). "Nikkeibp.co.jp". Techon.nikkeibp.co.jp. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  26. ↑ http://esupport.sony.com/perl/support-info.pl?info_id=12
  27. ↑ "Crunchgear.com". Crunchgear.com. August 21, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  28. ↑ "SanDisk, Sony to Expand Memory Stick PRO, Memory Stick Micro Formats". Nikkei Business Publications. January 8, 2009. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
  29. 1 2 MacManus, Christopher (August 5, 2009). "Sony Finalizes Backwards Compatible Memory Stick XC With 2TB Maximum Capacity". Sony Insider. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
  30. ↑ "Sony Compatibility Chart – Clie Handhelds". Sony-asia.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  31. ↑ "Trusted Review – Sony Ericsson Dropping Memory Stick Micro". Trustedreviews.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  32. ↑ "Sandisk and Sony to expand "Memory stick pro" and "Memory stick micro" formats". SanDisk. January 7, 2009. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
  33. ↑ Christopher MacManus. "Sonyinsider.com". Sonyinsider.com. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  34. ↑ "Windows FAT32 Formatting". Microsoft. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  35. ↑ "SanDisk exFAT KB". Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  36. ↑ "Oss-formats.org". Oss-formats.org. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  37. ↑ http://presscentre.sony.co.uk/content/detail.aspx?NewsAreaId=2&ReleaseID=6713
  38. ↑ "Sony’s new 16GB Memory Stick Pro Duo media [...] Mark2 Certification.". News.sel.sony.com. January 6, 2008. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
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