Melolonthinae

Melolonthinae

Male Polyphylla alba (Melolonthini)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Superfamily:	Scarabaeoidea
Family:	Scarabaeidae
Subfamily:	Melolonthinae Samouelle, 1819
Diversity
About 20–30 tribes
Synonyms
Hopliinae Systellopodinae

Mating Rhizotrogon marginipes (Melolonthini/Rhizotrogini), male on top – note sexually dimorphic antennae

Melolonthinae is a subfamily of the scarab beetles (family Scarabaeidae). It is a very diverse group; distributed over most of the world, it contains many familiar species. Some authors include the scarab subfamilies Euchirinae and Pachypodinae as tribes in the Melolonthinae.

Unlike some of their relatives, their habitus is usually not bizarre. They resemble the Rutelinae in being fairly plesiomorphic in outward appearance. Like in many Scarabaeidae, males have large fingered antennae, while those of the females are smaller and somewhat knobby. In the Melolonthinae, this sexual dimorphism is particularly pronounced. Many species have striking – though rarely brilliant or iridescent – hues and bold patterns of hairs.

Being often quite sizeable and swarming in numbers at certain times, for example the Amphimallon, Phyllophaga and Polyphylla "june beetles" or the Melolontha cockchafers – all from tribe Melolonthini – feature widely in folklore. Some Melolonthinae are economically significant pests. Other than the Melolonthini, the most diverse tribes are the Ablaberini, Liparetrini, Macrodactylini, Pachydemini and Sericini.

Systematics

Phyllotocus sp. (Sericini)

Stethaspis sp. (Stethaspini/Xylonychini)

According to various authors, the living Melolonthinae are divided into about 20-30 tribes. Some notable genera and species are also listed here:

Ablaberini Burmeister, 1855 – including Camentini
Automoliini Britton, 1978
Chasmatopterini Lacordaire, 1856
Colymbomorphini – sometimes in Xylonychini
Comophorinini Britton, 1957 – including Comophini
Diphucephalini Britton, 1957
Diphycerini – sometimes in Macrodactylini
Diplotaxini – sometimes in Melolonthini
Heteronychini Britton, 1957
- Heteronyx Guérin-Ménéville, 1838
Hopliini
Lichniini
Liparetrini Burmeister, 1855 – including Allarini, Colpochilini
Macrodactylini Kirby, 1837 – including Dichelonyciini
Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855
Melolonthini Samouelle, 1819
- Amphimallon
- Leucopholis
- Melolontha – cockchafers, May bugs
- Miridiba
- Phyllophaga – May beetles
- Polyphylla
- Sophrops

Oncerini
Pachydemini Reitter, 1902
Pachytrichini Burmeister, 1855
Phyllotocidiini Britton, 1957
Podolasiini – sometimes in Hopliini
Rhizotrogini – sometimes in Melolonthini
- Holotrichia
Scitalini Britton, 1957
Sericini Dalla Torre, 1912
- Maladera
Sericoidini Burmeister, 1855
Stethaspini – sometimes in Xylonychini
Systellopini Sharp, 1877
Tanyproctini – sometimes in Pachydemini
Xylonychini Britton, 1957

In addition, a prehistoric tribe, the Cretomelolonthini, is only known from fossils.

Several genera are of unclear relations; they are not yet firmly placed in a tribe:

Acoma
Conebius Fuavel, 1903
Costelytra – Liparetrini?
Hemictenius – Pachydemini?
Metascelis Westwood, 1842
Mycernus – Colymbomorphini, Stethaspini, Xylonychini?

Odontria – Liparetrini?
Prodontria – Liparetrini?
Psilodontria – Colymbomorphini, Stethaspini, Xylonychini?
Scythrodes – Liparetrini?
Sericospilus – Liparetrini?

"Anonetus" and "Tryssus", both used by Erichson in 1847, are nomina nuda. Holophylla and Hoplorida are of uncertain validity.

Whether the scarab beetle Xenaclopus belongs in the present subfamily is doubtful. Alosimus, generally held to be a blister beetle of the Lyttini and not at all close to the scarabs, was placed in the Melolonthinae by entomologist Werner Heinz Muche.

References

Data related to Melolonthinae at Wikispecies Media related to Melolonthinae at Wikimedia Commons

http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/test/Arthropoda/Insects/Coleoptera/Family/Scarabaeidae.txt

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