Mekosuchus
| Mekosuchus Temporal range: Oligocene - Holocene, 25–.003 Ma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Mekosuchus inexpectatus mandible | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Crocodilia |
| Family: | Crocodylidae |
| Subfamily: | †Mekosuchinae |
| Tribe: | †Mekosuchini |
| Genus: | †Mekosuchus Balouet & Buffetaut, 1987 |
| Type species | |
| †Mekosuchus inexpectatus Balouet & Buffetaut, 1987 | |
| Species | |
| |
Mekosuchus is a genus of extinct Australasian crocodiles within the subfamily Mekosuchinae. They are believed to have been made extinct by the arrival of man on the South Pacific islands where they lived.[1] The species of this genus were small in size, 2 m in maximum length, and terrestrial, making them the last surviving group of fully terrestrial crocodilians,[2] leaving only semi-terrestrial species such as the Cuban crocodile and the dwarves Osteolaemus and Paleosuchus.[3]
Fossils of related mekosuchines, such as Trilophosuchus, have been found from Miocene Australia (the earliest known mekosuchine is the Eocene genus Kambara), while Quinkana survived until the arrival of humans.[4] Mekosuchus survived until the Holocene, and their sub-fossils have been found in New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
Species
There are currently four species of Mekosuchus recognised. The first discovered (and youngest) is the type species M. inexpectatus from the Holocene of New Caledonia which became extinct at some point in the last 4,000 years (with the arrival of man). The poor soils of New Caledonia restrict large ground-dwelling prey, so Mekosuchus had specialized back teeth for cracking mollusk shells.
Another Holocene species is known, M. kalpokasi which lived on the island of Efate, Vanuatu approximately 3,000 years ago (again disappearing with the arrival of man).
M. whitehunterensis, the oldest known species, lived during the late Oligocene in Queensland. M. sanderi also lived in Queensland but later, during the Miocene.
See also
References
- ↑ Cf. The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database: Extinct Reptiles: Mekosuchus inexpectatus, noting Anderson, Atholl, Sand, Christophe, Petchey, Fiona and Worthy, Trevor H. (2010). "Faunal Extinction and Human Habitation in New Caledonia: Initial Results and Implications of New Research at the Pindai Caves", Journal of Pacific Archaeology 1.1: 89-109; M. kalpokasi, sp. nov.(J.I. Mead, D.W. Steadman, et al., "New extinct Mekosuchine crocodile from Vanuatu, South Pacific", Copeia, 2002.3: "the extinction of M. kalpokasi and other insular mekosuchines may have been anthropogenic"); .
- ↑ "Croco eusuchia". Paleopedia.free.fr. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
- ↑ Darren Naish, "Tetrapod Zoology" (Scientific American blog): "Dissecting a crocodile", 2012
- ↑ Roberts, R.G., Flannery, T.F., Ayliffe, L.K., Yoshida, H., Olley J.M., Prideaux, G.J., Laslett, G.M., Baynes, A., Smith, M.A., Jones, R., Smith, B.L. (2001). New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent-Wide Extinction About 46,000 Years Ago. Science 292 (5523): 1888-1892. DOI: 10.1126/science.1060264
- Mead, J.I., Steadman, D.W., Bedford, S.H., Bell, C.J. & Spriggs, M. (2002). New extinct mekosuchine crocodile from Vanuatu, South Pacific. Copeia 2002 (3): 632-641
Bibliography
The Future Eaters by Tim Flannery.