Maximus of Jerusalem

Saint Maximus of Jerusalem
Bishop of Jerusalem
Born	unknown
Died	c. 350
Feast	May 5 (West) May 9 (East)

Saint Maximus of Jerusalem (Maximus III of Jerusalem) was an early Christian saint and bishop of Jerusalem from roughly 333 AD to his death in roughly 350 AD. He was the third bishop of Jerusalem named Maximus, the other two being in the latter half of the 2nd century.^[1]

During one of the persecutions of his era he was tortured for his Christian faith, and thus became known as a confessor, although modern sources disagree as to whether this happened in the reign of Galerius Maximianus or the reign co-emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was a priest in Jerusalem, and it is said by Sozomen that he was so popular among the people for good character and for being a confessor that when Saint Macarius attempted to appoint him as bishop of Lydda (also known as Diospolis) the populace insisted upon his retention in Jerusalem. Upon Macarius' death Maximus became bishop of Jerusalem, and was present in 335 at the first synod of Tyre, and signed that council's condemnation of Athanasius. During Athanasius' return from exile, circa 346, Maximus convoked a synod in Jerusalem of sixteen Palestinian bishops that welcomed Athanasius. Socrates Scholasticus recorded that Maximus "restored communion and rank" to Athanasius, Athanasius receiving support against the Arians and Maximus advancing the desire of the bishops of Jerusalem to have their see be equal in status to the metropolitan see of Caesarea, a desire later achieved in 451 AD.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Maximus was succeeded as bishop of Jerusalem by saint Cyril, though the process is unclear. Sozomen and Socrates say that Maximus had been deposed in favor of Cyril by Acacius of Caesarea and Patrophilus of Scythopolis, both Arians. Theodoret does not include this story, yet does say that Maximus had intended a different successor. Jerome says instead that Maximus' intended successor was Heraclius, whom Maximus had named upon his death bed, but that Acacius and Cyril deposed Heraclius and made Cyril bishop. Regardless of how the succession came about, Cyril and Acacius would become bitter enemies during the next few years, disagreeing both in the Arian controversy and in terms of the precedence and rights of each see.^[1]^[6]^[7]

The Roman Catholic Church marks his feast day on May 5,^[8] and the Eastern Orthodox Church on May 9.^[9]

Preceded by Macarius	Bishop of Jerusalem 335–350	Succeeded by Cyril

References

1 2 3 McClintock, John; Strong, James (1891). Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. 5. Harper & brothers. p. 919. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
↑ Farmer, David Hugh; Burns, Paul (1996). Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Full Edition. Butler, Alban. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-86012-254-8. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
↑ Wirgman, A. Theodore (2008). The Constitutional Authority of Bishops in the Catholic Church: Illustrated by the History and Canon Law of the Undivided Church from the Apostolic Age to the Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451. Fisher Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4097-0111-8. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
↑ Bright, William (1903). The Age of the Fathers: Being Chapters in the History of the Church During the Fourth and Fifth Centuries. Longmans, Green. p. 199. ISBN 0-7905-4492-X. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
↑ "Father Ryder and Dr. Littledale". The Church Quarterly Review. London. XII (VVIV): 551. 1881. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
↑ Hanson, Richard Patrick Crosland (2005). The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy 318-381 AD. Continuum. pp. 399–400. ISBN 978-0-567-03092-4. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
↑ Yarnold, Edward (2000). Cyril of Jerusalem. Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-415-19903-2. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
↑ "Saint of the day". Saint Patrick Catholic Church, Washington D.C. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
↑ (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Μάξιμος Πατριάρχης Ἱεροσολύμων. 9 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

Bishops and Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Jerusalem
Bishops of Jerusalem	James, brother of Jesus Simeon of Jerusalem Justus Zacchaeus Tobias Benjamin John I Matthias Philip Senecas Justus II Levis Ephram Joseph I Judas Marcus Cassianus Poplius Maximus I Julian I Gaius I Symmachus Gaius II Julian II Capion Maximus II Antoninus Valens Dolichianus Narcissus Dius Germanion Gordius Alexander of Jerusalem Mazabanis Imeneus Zamudas Ermon Macarius Maximus III Cyril I John II Praulius
Patriarchs of Jerusalem	Juvenal Anastasius I Martyrius Sallustius Elias John III Peter Macarius II Eustochius John IV Amos Isaac Zacharias Modestus Sophronius Anastasius II John V Theodore Elias II George Thomas I Basileus John VI Sergius I Solomon Theodosius Elias III Sergius II Leontius I Athanasius I Christodulus Agathon John VII Christodulus II Thomas II Joseph II Orestes Theophilus I Nicephorus I Joannichius Sophronius II Euthemius Simon II Savvas^§ John VIII^§ Nicolas^§ John IX^§ Nicephorus II^§ Leontius II^§ Dositheos I Marcus II Euthemius II Athanasius II Sophronius III Gregory I Thaddaeus Athanasius III Gregory II Lazarus Dorotheus I Theophilus II Theophanes I Joachim Theophanes II Athanasius IV Jacob II Abraham I Gregory III Marcus III Dorotheus II Germanus Sophronius IV Theophanes III Paiseus Nectarius I Dositheos II Chrysanthus Meletius Parthenius Ephram II Sophronius V Abraham II Procopius I Anthemus Polycarpus Athanasius V Cyril II Procopius II Hierotheus Nicodemus I Gerasimus I Damian I Timotheus I Benedict I Diodoros I Irenaios I Theophilus III
^§: in exile at Constantinople due to the Latin rule over Jerusalem

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