Matthew Baillie Begbie

Matthew Baillie Begbie

Sir Matthew Baillie Begbie
Born 9 May 1819
Mauritius
Died June 11, 1894(1894-06-11) (aged 75)
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Nationality Canadian
Education
Known for Chief Justice, Colony of British Columbia

Sir Matthew Baillie Begbie (9 May 1819 – 11 June 1894)[1] was born on the island of Mauritius,[2] thereafter raised and educated in the United Kingdom. In 1858, Begbie became the first Chief Justice of the Crown Colony of British Columbia in colonial times and in the first decades after confederation of British Columbia.

Begbie served as the first Judge of the Supreme Court, Colony of British Columbia 1858 to 1866 and then, in the same capacity in the Supreme Court, the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia from 1866 to 1870. He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Colonies from 1870 to 1871 and, following British Columbia joining confederation in 1871, he served as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the new Province of British Columbia until his death on June 11, 1894.

In the years after his death, Begbie came to be known as the Hanging Judge.[3]

Early life and education

The son of an Army Colonel, Begbie was born on a British ship on route to the island of Mauritius, where he lived until he was seven, returning with his parents to Great Britain where he pursued his education. From the age of eleven to seventeen he was educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey where he held the school number 328. His brother Thomas Stirling Begbie (329) attended the school at the same time. Begbie received his first degree from Peterhouse at the University of Cambridge, where he studied mathematics and the classics.[4] He was involved in a great number of extracurricular activities, including singing and acting in amateur productions, dining societies, playing chess, rowing, and tennis. After Cambridge, Begbie went on to study law at Lincoln's Inn. He established a successful law practice in London before heading to British Columbia for a new position in government.

Career

Begbie reached Fort Victoria on November 16, 1858. He was sworn into office in Fort Langley on November 19, as the new Colony of British Columbia was proclaimed. Given the influx of prospectors and others during Fraser Canyon Gold Rush and the following Cariboo Gold Rush of 1861, Begbie played a crucial role in the establishment of law and order throughout the new colony.

Begbie was made a Knight Bachelor according to the London Gazette of November 19, 1875

During his years on the bench, Begbie traveled throughout British Columbia, on foot and later on horseback administering justice in sometimes informal circumstances but he is said to have always worn his judicial robes and wig when court was in session.

During his early years, he played a role in government including drafting legislation such as the Aliens Act (1859), the Gold Fields Act (1859), and the Pre-emption Act (1860).

In 1860, Begbie found a white Californian man by the name of William Marshall guilty of assaulting a First Nations man based only on the testimony of First Nations people, the first time this had ever occurred. He spoke several languages and is said to have been able to conduct trials in several aboriginal languages without the use of an interpreter. He also allowed people of other cultures to swear an oath of truth on an object sacred to them in place of the Bible.

In 1864, Begbie presided over the murder trial of five Tsilhqot'in men who were part of the Chilcotin War. The five were found guilty and sentenced to hang. In 2014, the British Columbia government exonerated the Chilcotin leaders. Premier Christy Clark stated, "We confirm without reservation that these six Tsilhqot'in chiefs are fully exonerated for any crime or wrongdoing."[5]

He was also an active naturalist. He was known to record observations during his travel, including drawing maps and bridge construction drawings. He sang opera. In 1875, he was made a Knight Bachelor. Begbie was implicated in land dealings at Cottonwood, between Quesnel and Barkerville, but denied any wrongdoing in what became known as the Cottonwood Scandal.

Begbie continued his judicial duties well into his last illness, dying in Victoria, British Columbia on June 11, 1894. The funeral procession marking his death is said to have been unprecedented and intended to mark the passing of a man regarded as British Columbia's first citizen. Begbie was interred at Ross Bay Cemetery in Victoria, British Columbia.

The Hanging Judge

The Hanging Judge is a term that has been referred to Begbie, though never in his lifetime.[6]

Legacy

Mt. Begbie (left)

A Vancouver school, Sir Matthew Begbie Elementary School, was also named in his honour.

Mount Begbie, the most prominent mountain seen from Revelstoke, was named in his honor. There are two other Mount Begbies in British Columbia; they are little more than hills although the one in the marshlands south of 100 Mile House has also given its name to the Begbie Summit, the highest point on the Cariboo Highway. There are also two lakes and a creek named for Judge Begbie.

There are several statues located throughout Vancouver, one outside the Law Society of British Columbia and one outside the Law Courts at New Westminster, British Columbia. The statute outside the Law Society of British Columbia will be removed after the findings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.[7]

(The family name Begbie originates in south-east Scotland, where it is most common in the Edinburgh and East Lothian areas. Begbie is derived from the Old Norse personal name Baggi + Old Norse býr 'settlement'. The small hamlet of Begbie, [55° 55'42.00"N 2°48'55.00"W], can be found adjacent to the larger hamlet of Samuelston, near to the town of Haddington, East Lothian).

References

  1. ↑ Williams, David Richardo (1990). "Begbie , Sir Matthew Baillie". In Halpenny, Francess G. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  2. ↑ "Census of Canada" (PDF). Library and Archives Canada. 1891. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  3. ↑ Williams, David R. (1977). The Man for a New Country. Victoria, BC: Gray's Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-8882-6068-0.
  4. ↑ "Begbie, Matthew Baillie (BGBY836MB)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  5. ↑ Cordasco, Lisa (Oct 24, 2014). "Tsilhqot'in chiefs hanged in 1864 exonerated by B.C. Premier Christy Clark". CBC News. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  6. ↑ Williams, David R. (1977). The Man for a New Country. Victoria, BC: Gray's Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-8882-6068-0.
  7. ↑ "Law Society addresses colonial symbolism as part of commitment to Truth and Reconciliation | The Law Society of British Columbia". www.lawsociety.bc.ca. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
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