Masonic Order of Liberia

The Grand Lodge of the Republic of Liberia is a fraternal organization based on the principles of Prince Hall Freemasonry. Prior to 1980, its membership tended to consist of Americo-Liberians and it was influential within the ruling True Whig party from its founding until the coup of Samuel Doe in 1980, when much of its senior leadership was killed and the new military regime banned masonic activities in the country.

History

Origins

Among the settlers that arrived in 1822 to where, twenty-five years later, would become the Republic of Liberia, were a few freemasons hailing from colored Lodges in the United States of America that were founded by Prince Hall.

After the lapse of a period extending over forty years, the surviving Masons felt that the time had arrived for the formal organization of Craft Masonry in Liberia. In 1867, Thomas Amos, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, Beverly P. Yates, Charles B. Dunbar, Sr., F. Johns, John N. Lewis, John H. Chivers, James C. Minor, John Seys, James M. Priest, Samuel C. Glassgow, William S. Anderson and Gabriel Moore, assembled a convention in Monrovia, at which it was decided that Thomas Amos would spearhead the establishment of a Grand Lodge in Liberia. Subsequently, the necessary dispensation was acquired to launch Oriental Lodge No. 1 in Monrovia "to Enter, Pass and Raise Free-masons according to the ancient customs and usages of the Craft." Similar dispensations were also granted for the erection of two other Lodges now known as Saint Paul Lodge No. 2 of the Clay-Ashland Settlement, and Saint John’s Lodge No. 3 also of Monrovia.

Having the requisite the Lodges to create a Grand Lodge, a second Convention was held in Monrovia to draw up a constitution with certain by-laws. Elections also occurred and the elected officers were installed as follows:

The formation of the Grand Lodge of the Republic of Liberia was announced with the following words:

This appeal met the positive response of most of the Masonic Grand Bodies of the World, namely:

Expansion and political dominance

Grand Masonic Temple in Monrovia Prior to the War

The Grand Lodge of Liberia was founded in 1867.[1] By the 1970s there were 17 subordinate lodges and the majority of Liberia's high-ranking officials were Masons.[1] Matters of state were widely believed to have been decided from within the lodges.[1] Being a Mason was a veritable prerequisite for positions of political leadership in the True Whig Party.[1] Liberia's Masons were criticized for their influence as well as for the exclusion of indigenous Liberians from their ranks.[1]

Prohibition and reinstatement

Grand Masonic Temple in 2006 after undergoing massive destruction

After Master Sgt. Samuel Doe assumed leadership in a coup d'etat in 1980, Liberia's masons suffered the most savage attacks of any African affiliate.[2] The President of Liberia and the order's Grand Master, William R. Tolbert, Jr., was overthrown and killed in the coup.[3] Freemasonry was banned by Doe in 1980, which caused the Grand Lodge's influence in Liberia to greatly diminish. President Doe, who later desired to become a Mason, lifted the ban on Masonic activities which led to the convening of a special Prince Hall meeting held in New Orleans in 1987 to elect a new Grand Master. This was followed by a meeting in Monrovia in 1988 when Freemasonry was formerly reinstituted. President Doe was subsequently initiated in 1989.[3]

During and after the civil war

During the First Liberian Civil War, the Grand Masonic Temple in Monrovia was the scene of many battles,[4] and its ruins became home to thousands of squatters.[5] On trial, President Charles Taylor made light of allowing his troops to post human heads and skulls of enemies at checkpoints, saying it was no worse than the display of skulls in “Western fraternal organizations.” [6]

The Masons evicted squatters from the Grand Lodge by 2005,[5] and the Masonic Temple has resumed to hold meetings for the subordinate Lodges in the Blue Lodge Room, quarterly Grand Communication in the Grand Lodge room as well as meetings for the Order of Eastern Star and its subordinate Chapters in their respective rooms within the Temple. According to the Grand Lodge's 2015 reports, there are 19 Subordinate Lodges in Liberia with a total membership of 1,750.[7] Benoni Urey, a Freemason who is considered Liberia’s richest man and a possible candidate for the Liberian presidency, has said he wants to see the Masonic Order of Liberia return to prominence in Liberian politics.[8]

List of Grand Masters

  1. Thomas H. Amos
  2. Joseph J. Roberts
  3. Beverly L. Yates
  4. Charles B. Dunbar Sr.
  5. Reginald A. Sherman Sr.
  6. William M. Davies
  7. Charles T. O. King
  8. Alfred Benedict King
  9. Hilary W. Travis
  10. William David Coleman
  11. A. Benjamin Stubblefield
  12. Charles B. Dunbar, Jr.
  13. Charles D. B. King
  14. Nathaniel H. B. Cassell
  15. William Oliver Davies-Bright
  16. Joseph Samuel Dennis
  17. John C. A. Gibson Sr.
  18. Joseph Fulton Dunbar Sr.
  19. Anthony Barclay
  20. Louis Arthur Grimes
  21. Clarence Lorenzo Simpson Sr.
  22. William V. S. Tubman Sr.
  23. Christian Abayomi Cassell
  24. Charles T. O. King II
  25. Richard AbromHenries Sr.
  26. Frank E. Tolbert Sr.
  27. William R. Tolbert Jr.
  28. McKinley A. Deshield Sr.
  29. E. Jonathan Goodridge
  30. James E. Greene
  31. S. Alfred P. Harris Sr.
  32. E. Reginald Townsend
  33. Philip J. L. Brumskine
  34. George E. Henries
  35. James E. Pierre

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Monrovia - Masonic Grand Lodge
  2. ↑ Wauther, Claude (September 1997). "A strange inheritance". Monde Diplo. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  3. 1 2 The Tragic History of Freemasonry in Liberia, Chris Hodapp, Freemasonry for Dummies Blog
  4. ↑ Old Ruling Elite Making a Comeback in Liberia, Tim Sullivan, Associated Press, September 29, 2001.
  5. 1 2 Liberia- No More War, Jessie Deeter, Frontline (PBS), May 2005.
  6. ↑ Hodapp, Chris (29 June 2015). "The Tragic History of Freemasonry in Liberia". freemasonsfordummies.blogspot.com. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  7. ↑ "Grand Lodge of Liberia A.F.& A.M.". Grand Lodge of Liberia. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  8. ↑ Yates, Charles (29 June 2015). "Presidential Candidate Urey Wants Freemasons to Control Liberian Politics". Bushchicken.com. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
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