Mario García Menocal

Mario García Menocal
Mario García Menocal, c.1912
3rd President of Cuba
In office 20 May 1913 – 20 May 1921
Vice President	Enrique José Varona and Emilio Núñez
Preceded by	José Miguel Gómez
Succeeded by	Alfredo Zayas
Personal details
Born	(1866-12-17)December 17, 1866 Jagüey Grande, Matanzas, Spanish Cuba
Died	September 7, 1941(1941-09-07) (aged 74) Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
Nationality	Cuban
Political party	Conservative Party
Spouse(s)	Mariana Seva y Rodriguez
Children	Mario, Raul, and Georgina Garcia-Menocal Seva
Alma mater	Cornell University
Occupation	Attorney

Aurelio Mario Gabriel Francisco García Menocal y Deop (December 17, 1866 – September 7, 1941) was 3rd President of Cuba from 1913 to 1921. His terms as president saw Cuba's participation in World War I.

Youth

Born in Jagüey Grande, Matanzas, Cuba, García Menocal was thirteen when he was sent to boarding schools in the United States, first at the Chappaqua Mountain Institute in New York, and later at the Maryland Agricultural College. In 1884, he then went to Cornell University where he graduated in 1888 from the School of Engineering. While at Cornell University, he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Delta Chi Chapter)^[1] As a young man he was involved in Cuba's fight for independence from Spain. When Cuba did receive independence following the Spanish–American War, García Menocal became a leading conservative politician.

Time in office

Mario García Menocal was elected President in 1912 and became known for his strong support of business and corporations. He was reelected in 1916, though the election was challenged by the liberals. In perhaps his most notable action, García Menocal authorized Cuba's declaration of war against the German Empire on April 7, 1917, entering World War I a day after the United States. This was believed by many to be an attempt to get the United States to give more support to his government. In December, war was also declared against Austria-Hungary.

While in office, García Menocal hosted the 1920 Delta Kappa Epsilon National Convention,^[2] the first international fraternity conference outside the US, which took place in Cuba. Private trains were hired from New England to Florida where the invited men and their families could travel in comfort and style, and upon arrival in Cuba each man was gifted a gold-trimmed box of cigars. García Menocal's hospitality is still remembered in the fraternity to this day.

Later life

After his presidency, García Menocal continued to be involved in politics, running for President again in 1924. He attempted a revolution in 1931, and went into exile in the United States when it failed. After less than five years he returned to Cuba and ran for President a final time in 1936. He died in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.

Family

García Menocal was married to Mariana Seva y Rodríguez and they had three children, Mario (who married Hortensia Almagro), Raúl (who married Perlita Fowler) and Georgina García Menocal y Seva (who married Eugenio Sardina).

Notes and references

Sources

• Argote-Freyre, Frank (2006). Fulgencio Batista: From Revolutionary to Strongman. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3701-6. OCLC 59223855. 
• Fogle, Homer William Jr. (25 Nov 2005). The Deke House at Cornell: A Concise History of the Delta Chi Chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon, 1870–1930. Cf. pp. 27, 57, 60, 64, 66–69. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
• Minot, John Clair (February 1921). "The Convention in Havana", Delta Kappa Epsilon Quarterly, XXXIX, 1, p. 1–25.
• Otero, Juan Joaquin (1954). Libro De Cuba, Una Enciclopedia Ilustrada Que Abarca Las Artes, Las Letras, Las Ciencias, La Economia, La Politica, La Historia, La Docencia, Y ElProgreso General De La Nacion Cubana - Edicion Conmemorative del Cincuentenario de la Republica de Cuba, 1902-1952 (in Spanish). 

External links

• Media related to Mario García Menocal at Wikimedia Commons