Marineland of Canada

Marineland of Canada Inc.

Official logo of Marineland
Slogan Everyone Loves Marineland!
Location Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
Coordinates 43°03′56″N 79°04′21″W / 43.06556°N 79.07250°W / 43.06556; -79.07250Coordinates: 43°03′56″N 79°04′21″W / 43.06556°N 79.07250°W / 43.06556; -79.07250
Owner John Holer
Opened 1961
Previous names
  • Marine Wonderland and Animal Park
  • Marineland and Game Farm
Operating season May – October
Rides
Total 15
Roller coasters 2
Website Official site
A 1967 flyer for Marineland, using the older name "Marineland and Game Farm"

Marineland (official name Marineland of Canada Inc.), is a themed amusement park and zoo for both marine and land animals, in the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Opened in 1961, it is considered one of the main tourist attractions in Niagara Falls.[1] The primary attractions at the park include the “world’s largest steel roller coaster” Dragon Mountain, “the world’s highest triple tower ride” the Sky Screamer,[2] and its marine shows and exhibits of dolphins, walruses, sea lions, an orca, and beluga whales.

Since 2012, the park has been the subject of several allegations of poor conditions for its animals by former employees and animal activists. Investigating a series of complaints and allegations over the years, the park has been inspected by the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (OSPCA) and Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums (CAZA),[3] leading to orders issued by the OSPCA related to improved care.[4] In 2015, the Government of Ontario banned the practice of keeping orcas in captivity, while allowing Marineland to keep its one orca. In November 2016 and January 2017, the OSPCA filed 11 animal cruelty-related charges against the park.[5][6] In February 2017, the OSPCA inspected Marineland again.[3] In May 2017, Marineland withdrew from CAZA. In August 2017, all of the charges were withdrawn by the Crown which proposed an alternative solution of ongoing monitoring of the animals.[7]

Marineland has repeatedly stated publicly that these complaints are the work of disgruntled former employees, who have teamed up with organizations which seem to financially benefit from any resulting downturn in public opinion towards their operations and activists opposed to the keeping of animals in captivity. Marineland has further maintained that they make every effort to ensure the animals in their care are well provided for, in (or beyond) accordance with the law. The park employs a number of people who care for the animals day-to-day, as well as experienced and highly qualified veterinary staff. Although it is a private facility, it must comply with provincial regulations as well as comply with several animal welfare enforcement agencies, including regular and "snap" inspections. Marineland has filed nine lawsuits against activists, former employees and the media.[8]

History

The park was founded by John Holer, a Slovenian immigrant who had worked for circuses in Europe before coming to Canada in the late 1950s.[9] Holer had escaped Yugoslavia after a family winery had been nationalized and moved to Switzerland to live with an uncle. He developed his interest in working with animals and joined a circus which travelled in Europe and North America. A circus visit to the Niagara area inspired him to set up an animal attraction and he immigrated to Niagara. He worked at various jobs and with a partner bought part of the Harry Oakes estate and built the attraction on the site, doing some of the building and repairs himself.[10]

The park opened in 1961 as "Marine Wonderland and Animal Farm".[9][11] Holer welded two large steel tanks together and brought in three sea lions and charged one quarter for admission and another to feed the animals.[9] The attraction also featured an underwater show featuring two female swimmers.[12]

In 1963, a trained sea lion "Jeff" escaped from Marine Wonderland and made it to the Niagara River and went over the falls. Holer offered a CA$50 reward and organized a helicopter search.[13] The seal was recaptured by Holer a few days later in Queenston, where it was found sunning itself with teenager Tommy Haines, who was given the reward.[14]

In 1964, Holer added two dolphins, along with a few other animals and the attraction became known as "Marineland And Game Farm".[12] By 1966, a 2,000-seat "aquatheatre" was completed along with a "grotto" of aquariums and shops.[12] The grotto in the new Aquarium Dome contained eight tanks used to display fresh-water fish.[15] The park became a popular family attraction and recorded an annual attendance of 250,000 for the 1967 season.[16] In 1968, the park added alligators.[15]

In 1971, "Kandu" the killer whale became the park's major attraction. In 1973, the aquarium purchased "Kandy", a 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) female orca captured off Vancouver Island in 1973 to mate with Kandu.[17] By 1975, the park kept over 1,000 animals and claimed to be Niagara Falls' "most popular attraction after the falls."[18] The "And Game Farm" part of the name was eventually dropped, although it was still referred to as "Marineland And Game Farm" until the late 1970s in television and radio advertisements.

In 1976, Marineland announced a CA$50 million expansion on 1,000 adjacent acres, to include a 400-acre "safari park" and amusement centre.[19] Construction began on a new 15,000 seat stadium and pool for killer whales.[20] Marineland purchased two locomotives for a steam train railroad.[21] When plans for Canada's Wonderland were announced, Holer decided to further increase the park's expansion plans, adding a Gothic castle, canals and the world's largest roller coaster, for a total cost of CA$80 million.[22] The "Dragon Mountain" roller coaster opened in 1983 along with other rides. At a cost of CA$9 million, the roller coaster opened without CA$3 million reproductions of the American and Horseshoe falls, postponed to the future.[23] In 1984, Holer announced the postponement of part of the expansion, citing an 86% increase in municipal property taxes, and threatened to move the facility across the river to the United States.[24]

In 1982, Marineland purchased Keiko, a killer whale from an aquarium in Hafnarfjörður, Iceland. Keiko started performing for the public and developed skin lesions indicative of poor health. He was then sold to Reino Aventura (now named Six Flags Mexico), an amusement park in Mexico City, in 1985.[9] Keiko was the star of the movie Free Willy in 1993 and eventually was returned to the wild.

In July 1998, MarineLand opened the "Friendship Cove" killer whale exhibit. Until the 2006 season, guests were able to pet and feed the whales. 'Splash Sessions' replaced the interactive sessions in response to guest feedback. These 'Sessions' included the whales jumping and splashing the guests around the walls of the pool, however these stopped after the 2011 season due to Ikaika's transfer back to SeaWorld.

In 2001, Marineland added walruses to the marine mammals it kept. The first walrus was "Sonja", from the Moscow Zoo. It was joined by "Zeus" and "Apollo" two months later and "Pandora", "Buttercup" and "Buddy" in 2002. Marineland brought over "Smooshi" and "Azul" in 2004.[25]

In 2003, MarineLand opened the "Arctic Cove" beluga whale exhibit. Beluga whales were held in Friendship Cove from May 30, 1999 until the opening of Arctic Cove in late 2003. Belugas returned to Friendship Cove in December 2008 following the importation of eight individuals, and has held belugas since. Upon the recent 2014 opening season, several belugas were switched between Arctic Cove and Friendship Cove. In 2004, Marineland opened the "Sky Screamer" triple tower ride.

In 2004, Marineland bought the Green Oaks Mobile Home Park across the street from the park with plans to relocate maintenance buildings to the site. In 2009, Marineland evicted 47 families that were tenants at the park. The tenants appealed to the Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board, lost their case and were ordered off the property by March 2010. One tenant committed suicide while others continued to fight Marineland but had to leave in 2011.[26] Marineland owner John Holer was ordered to pay $11,000 each to several tenants for harassment.[9] The site is now vacant.

In 2012, articles were published by the Toronto Star alleging animal mistreatment, resulting in negative publicity.[27] An inspection by the OSPCA and CAZA, however, found “no issues of concern”.[3] The Star reported that the OSPCA issued orders to Marineland to improve the water conditions for animals at the park, and address specific issues with other animals and Marineland complied.[4]

On November 25, 2016 and subsequently on January 9, 2017, the OSPCA charged Marineland with five counts of animal cruelty, and then another six counts. [28] Both sets of charges were extensively covered by the news media.[29][30][31] In February 2017, the OSPCA inspected Marineland and found no areas of concern.[3] On August 10, 2017, all of the charges were dropped because the prosecutor did not believe that the Crown could get a conviction,[32] leaving the effect on the park's future uncertain.[33]

Future

A 2012 report stated that Marineland was then looking for a companion for their orca.[34] Since then, it appears that Kiska will be the last orca that the park will own.

On May 28, 2015, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario passed the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Amendment Act. The act prohibits the possession or breeding of orcas in Ontario while allowing Marineland to keep its orca.[35][36]

Marineland has stated its opposition to moving Kiska. A lawyer acting for the park in 2015 made the following comment: "She's very elderly, so it's the equivalent of taking someone who is 80 years old or 90 years old in an old folks' home and moving them into an apartment in the Village in New York ... and it is entirely reasonable, achievable and appropriate to provide for her, on loan from another facility, an age-appropriate companion" but added that the 2015 Ontario Act does not allow for that.[37][38]

As of August 2017, Kiska remains the only orca at Marineland.[39][40]

Attractions

Marineland operates a combination of animal exhibits and rides. The park operates annually from the Victoria Day weekend through to Canadian Thanksgiving weekend in October. Rides operate until nightfall.[41]

Memberships

Marineland is not an accredited member of Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums (CAZA) or the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. The company "voluntarily and temporarily" withdrew from CAZA in May 2017, stating it was expanding the area for animals and "will be continuing to work with CAZA to ensure that the expansion is successfully harmonized with CAZA principles".[42]

Marine exhibits

Marineland keeps beluga whales, bottlenose dolphins, grey seals, harbour seals, sea lions, walruses and one orca ('killer whale'). The belugas are kept in Arctic Cove, Friendship Cove and King Waldorf Stadium. As of August 2017, Marineland had 53 belugas.[43]

Land animals

Marineland has many animals throughout the park that are not cetaceans or pinnipeds. Marineland has carried over these animals from its days as a 'game farm'.

Rides

Marineland operates a variety of rides ranging from rides for children, to thrill rides for adults.[46] The major rides are the Dragon Mountain roller coaster and the Sky Screamer triple tower ride. Dragon Mountain is an Arrow Huss roller coaster which opened as the world's largest (not longest) non-stop roller coaster - covering 30 acres (1,300,000 sq ft). It features tunnels that lead to the queue area, has two consecutive vertical loops and the only bow tie loop of its kind in the world. A section of the roller coaster passes through a back section of Marineland and may not have been finished.[47] Sky Screamer opened in 2004 and is claimed to be the world's highest triple tower ride at 300 feet (91 m). It is situated on a 150-foot-tall (46 m) hill, making the total height of the ride 450 feet (140 m), which affords the rider an impressive view of the city and the falls. It is a recognizable landmark with the logo at the top clearly visible at night. Ascending riders experience 4G's, while descending riders experience a -2G's.[48] The park has fifteen other rides. The children's rides are clustered in an area to the south of the main gate. Another ride, the "Topple Tower" circula gondola ride opened in 2008, but closed after a couple of seasons for required repairs. It has not re-opened.[49]

Controversies

Marineland and its owner John Holer have been involved in many controversies throughout the park's history. Several former employees have spoken out publicly about the park. Animal rights activists have picketed regularly outside the park property for several years. The park became an issue in a Niagara Falls mayoral election when a candidate spoke about the treatment of animals at the park.

In 1977, the U.S. Department of Fisheries seized six bottlenose dolphins that had been illegally caught by John Holer in the Gulf of Mexico.[9]

In 1983, Niagara Falls mayor Wayne Thomson resigned amid controversy over a vacation given as a gift by a Toronto development firm, and a land purchase made by his then-fiance Bonnie Dickson. His fiance bought some land in Niagara Falls from a seller who did not want it to be sold to Marineland. Seven months later, she sold the plot to Marineland. Holer stated she acted as trustee and was accompanied by Thomson.[50]

In the 1980s, Greenpeace was the first activist group to raise concerns about keeping killer whales in captivity. It objected to the keeping in principle, although it stated that Marineland was one of the better facilities. The level of concern grew in the 1990s. In 1997, a protest was held outside the park by Ric O'Barry, the trainer of "Flipper" of the television series. Other organizations present at the protest included Friends of the Dolphins, Zoocheck Canada and Earth Island Institute. The protesters alleged that Marineland separated mother and child killer whales too quickly and four other whales were stored in unsuitable facilities.[51]

In September 2011, SeaWorld won a court battle with Marineland over the fate of "Ikaika", a killer whale. Ikaika had been originally loaned to Marineland under the terms of a breeding loan agreement between the two organizations, but SeaWorld decided to terminate the agreement due to concerns about Ikaika's mental and physical well-being due to deteriorating conditions at the park. Marineland initially refused to return Ikaika, but was eventually ordered to by the Ontario Superior Court as well as pay $255,000 in compensation to SeaWorld for legal expenses.[52]

In May 2012, Phil Demers, trainer of the walrus "Smooshi," resigned from Marineland. He had been an employee of Marineland for 12 years and had been noted for his close relationship with Smooshi. Demers made public his concerns about Marineland and has been sued by Marineland.[8] In Demers' version of accounts, Smooshi was moved from Marineland’s barn to the Aquarium, where Demers said she deteriorated because of problems with the water. Smooshi was returned to the barn but problems returned. He asked for more walrus trainers, but his request was denied. By 2012, he had had responsibilities for hiring and training employees taken away, and he chose to resign.[53] He continues to speak out about Marineland. According to Marineland, Demers was intending to star in a reality show as a "walrus whisperer" that was rejected by Marineland, had no management reponsibilites and was not qualified to comment on marine mammal health. Marineland also alleges that Demers took drugs himself that were allocated for marine mammals. Marineland is taking legal action against Demers[54]

On August 15, 2012, the Toronto Star published an article of Demers' account, alleging that many sea mammals at Marineland live in inhumane conditions and suffer from a variety of illnesses caused by problems with water quality and chronic understaffing. Holer denied the allegations in the report, which was largely based on interviews conducted with former Marineland employees.[55] The Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals declined to press charges, but did order changes in park procedures that were then implemented by Marineland.[56]

On September 10, 2012, the Toronto Star published an article quoting former Marineland supervisor Jim Hammond alleging that Marineland owner, John Holer, had shot one of the baby deer in his park through the windpipe with a 12-gauge shotgun, leaving it to choke on its blood without dying. Hammond claimed the park owner refused his pleas for humane euthanasia.[57]

On December 20, 2012, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment announced an investigation into several mass animal graves at the park. The ministry had no previous knowledge of the graves, as Marineland lacks permits for such use.[58] After an investigation by the ministry, Marineland was allowed to continue using a section of the site for animal burials.[59]

On March 5, 2013, the Toronto Star published an article quoting Hammond and a local resident alleging that John Holer had shot two Labrador Retrievers that had escaped a neighbour's house and entered Marineland property. The article also mentioned that Hammond was told by Holer “to check if there were any collars . . . around their necks and if there were, to remove them.” [60]

In September 2013, it was reported that the Ontario Veterinary College was investigating an unspecified number of veterinarians at Marineland.[61]

Also in 2013, OSPCA investigated the claims of some former employees of Marineland claimed that the animals' health was being put at risk by low water quality. OSPCA used the results of the investigation to make suggestions to the subsequent provincial review of its animal welfare laws.[62]

In April 2014, the Vancouver newspaper The Georgia Straight published an article alleging that five harbour seals transferred from the Vancouver Aquarium had fell ill at Marineland due to "poor water chemistry". According to the article, one, "Pepper" died in 2006 from the conditions while the rest were blind. Marineland filed a CA$600,000 lawsuit in July 2014 against The Georgia Straight and the article's writer for defamation and damages. According to Marineland, Pepper did not die as described in the article and the others were not blind but were in fact generally healthy. It was the eighth lawsuit filed by Marineland since 2012, third against a media outlet.[63]

In 2015, the Government of Ontario took up debate of the keeping of orcas. Bob Barker urged Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne to order Marineland to give up Kiska and other animals.[64] On May 28, 2015, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario passed the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Amendment Act. The act prohibits the possession or breeding of orcas in Ontario but allowed Marineland to keep its orca.[65][66]

On May 10, 2016, Marineland filed a lawsuit against filmmaker Zach Affolter to prevent the release of his documentary, Black Water. The park alleges that the film contains footage illegally taken at Marineland, and is a violation of their policy preventing the use of footage for commercial purposes. Affolter responded by asserting that "Black Water is meant as an educational, non-commercial film that dives into the moral question behind keeping cetaceans in captivity."[67] Marineland demanded $1 million in damages for breach of its intellectual property rights. Affolter denied the allegations and said he had found the video of Kiska on Facebook. Until the lawsuit is resolved, the film's release is on hold.[68]

Ontario SPCA charges

In 2012, the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals received complaints of animal abuse at the park from former employees and issued orders to Marineland as to the standard of care they should be following. At that time, a full investigation was not conducted. On November 10, 2016, however, the agency received a formal 35-page complaint - compiled by a California-based group Last Chance for Animals - which included photographs and videos taken by a former Marineland employee whose identity has not been revealed to the public. (The Canadian Press obtained a copy of the complaint file which was reviewed by some members of the news media; only excerpts have been published.) At that time, the OSPCA began an investigation of possible animal abuse at the park using its staff and a veterinarian.[69]

No animals were removed at that time, as investigators did not find them to be in immediate distress. But according to a statement released by OSPCA, the agency would be "continuing to make sure that the animals are getting the care they require while this investigation is ongoing."

On November 25, 2016, the OSPCA charged Marineland with five counts of animal cruelty under the Ontario SPCA Act over their treatment of peafowls, guineafowls, and American black bears in the zoo portion of the park. The Ontario SPCA alleged that the animals were distressed and did not receive the required standard of care from Marineland. The company denied the allegations.[62][70]

Marineland also provided a statement to The Canadian Press: "(Last Chance for Animals) is working together with the fired former employee to exact revenge over his firing and advance their radical cause and goal to shut Marineland."[71] The company also posted a commentary on their Web site indicating that it is "being attacked by disgruntled former employees again, who are working with a professional activist group that raises just under $2 million dollars per year to share their distorted view of facts about others." The post indicated that the company would "vigorously defend ourselves against these charges laid by the OSPCA".[72]

A news article on August 10, 2017 stated that the park had started a law suit against former employee Philip Demers, one of those who had filed complaints with the OSPCA, for $1.5 million and that this is only one of nine lawsuits against activists, former employees and the media since 2012. None of the suits have been resolved in court.[8]

Six additional counts of animal cruelty were laid by the OSPCA on January 9, 2017.[73][74] The new charges related to the treatment of elk, red deer and fallow deer. Deputy chief Jennifer Bluhm of the OSPCA provided the following comment: "While the investigation is still ongoing, these are all the charges we expect to be laid in this case." On previous occasions, Marineland had stated that it would defend against charges in court. The company's first appearance to plead to the charges was set for January 26, 2017.[75]

On the same day, Marineland posted another response on its web site, critical of the OSPCA handling of the investigation and the charges, including the following comment: "We believe the OSPCA is continuing a publicity campaign at the behest of a band of discredited activists with little relevant expertise or knowledge, in an effort to avoid further embarrassment related to an ongoing investigation into the OSPCA’s perceived failure to protect animals that is being led by the same activists they are now firmly in bed with. ... We will hold the OSPCA to the high standards of Ontario’s legal system and require them to defend their charges to the fullest extent possible."[76]

On August 10, 2017, the charges reached Niagara Falls Provincial court where all charges were withdrawn. The Crown Attorney said he could have proceeded on three of the charges but believed that the public interest would be better served by a system of ongoing monitoring at the park.[77]

Beluga whale deaths

Orca deaths

The following is a list of dead orcas who were at Marineland; the most recent death was in 2009.[82]

Advertising

Marineland's main advertising comes through a series of commercials with the jingle "Everyone Loves Marineland". Marineland has also used other slogans over the years in its advertising:

References

  1. ↑ "Marineland of Canada". Niagara Falls Tourism. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
  2. ↑ http://www.marinelandcanada.com/attractions/skyscreamer/
  3. 1 2 3 4 Law, John (May 4, 2017). "Marineland bows out of CAZA". Niagara Falls Review. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  4. 1 2 Diebel, Linda; Casey, Liam (January 18, 2013). "OSPCA orders Marineland overhaul". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  5. ↑ Casey, Liam (November 25, 2016). "Marineland charged with five counts of animal cruelty" – via The Globe and Mail.
  6. ↑ "Marineland charged with 6 new counts of animal cruelty".
  7. ↑ http://globalnews.ca/news/3660158/animal-cruelty-charges-dropped-against-marineland/
  8. 1 2 3 Law, John (August 10, 2017). "Animal cruelty charges dropped against Marineland". Niagara Falls Review.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Casey, Liam (October 3, 2011). "The man behind Marineland: 50 years of controversy". Toronto Star. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
  10. ↑ Dempsey, Lotta (July 20, 1965). "A Young Man Goes West". Toronto Star. p. 42.
  11. ↑ "Attraction is being expanded". Reading Eagle. July 18, 1976. p. 52. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
  12. 1 2 3 Canadian Press (August 28, 1970). "Niagara Exhibit plans call for big expansion". Windsor Star. p. 18. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
  13. ↑ "Trained Seal Flips Over Falls". Toronto Star. May 24, 1963. p. 1.
  14. ↑ "Flying Tackle Nabs Falls-Flipping Seal". Toronto Star. May 27, 1963. p. 5.
  15. 1 2 Dempsey, Lotta (August 18, 1968). "51,200 pounds of choice fish that's no fun shopping spree". Toronto Star. p. 55.
  16. ↑ Dempsey, Lotta (August 17, 1968). "The new look at Niagara for children". Toronto Star. p. 36.
  17. ↑ "Whale by mail is bride-to-be for killer". Toronto Star. October 30, 1973. p. A6.
  18. ↑ Marineland (June 30, 1975), "Make friends with our animals in our beautiful game farm", Toronto Star, pp. D18–19
  19. ↑ "$50 facelifting for aquatic show". Toronto Star. January 15, 1976. p. E11.
  20. ↑ "No hardhat for friendly Freda". Toronto Star. July 22, 1976. p. E6.
  21. ↑ "All A-B-O-O-O-A-R-D For Wild West in 1981". Toronto Star. July 12, 1978. p. B8.
  22. ↑ Dimanno, Rosie; Dampier, Bill (May 26, 1979). "A Place to Stand .. In Line". Toronto Star. p. I14.
  23. ↑ "Marineland builds thrillseeker's dream". Toronto Star. April 13, 1983. p. A3.
  24. ↑ Gray, James (October 14, 1984). "Niagara Falls tourist dollar booty in cross-border battle". Toronto Star. p. B3.
  25. ↑ Marineland (May 30, 2017). "Marineland Canada: Demonstrating A Commitment to Walrus Care Since 2001" (Press release). Canadian Newswire.
  26. ↑ "Green Oaks Homeless". Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  27. ↑ Hutton, Richard (May 21, 2016). "Hundreds turn out for opening day protest at Marineland". Niagara This Week. Niagara Falls, ON. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  28. ↑ Casey, Liam (January 9, 2017). "Marineland charged with 6 new counts of animal cruelty, says OSPCA". Sudbury.com. Sudbury.com. Retrieved January 9, 2017. A conviction on all counts could result in a fine up to $60,000, a lifetime ban on owning animals and up to two years in jail, according to the OSPCA.
  29. ↑ Westoll, Nick (January 9, 2017). "Marineland charged with six new counts of animal cruelty: OSPCA". Global News. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  30. ↑ Casey, Liam (November 25, 2016). "Marineland charged with five counts of animal cruelty" – via The Globe and Mail.
  31. ↑ McLaughlin, Amara (January 9, 2017). "Marineland charged with 6 new counts of animal cruelty". CBC News.
  32. ↑ The Canadian Press (August 10, 2017). "Animal cruelty charges dropped against Marineland". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  33. ↑ Casey, Liam (August 10, 2017). "Animal cruelty charges dropped against Marineland". CTV News.
  34. ↑ http://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/2012/11/20/marineland-looking-for-companion-to-kiska
  35. ↑ "Bill 80, Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Amendment Act, 2015". Ontario Legislature. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  36. ↑ The Canadian Press. "Ont. passes killer whale ban, other animal protection measures". CTV News. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  37. ↑ http://nationalpost.com/news/politics/people-dont-love-marineland-anymore-ontario-law-leaves-orca-floating-alone-in-niagara-falls/wcm/96767360-5631-477d-abfd-558d68f5190f
  38. ↑ https://www.thestar.com/news/queenspark/2015/05/20/bob-barker-wants-marineland-killer-whale-included-in-ontario-orca-ban.html
  39. ↑ http://www.marinelandcanada.com/mobile/friendship_cove.html
  40. ↑ http://www.cetabase.org/captive/cetacean/marineland-canada
  41. ↑ "Marineland Canada - Niagara Falls Tour Guide". Niagara Falls Kiosk. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  42. ↑ https://www.niagarathisweek.com/news-story/7287347-park-renovations-behind-break-with-caza-marineland/
  43. ↑ http://www.cetabase.org/captive/cetacean/marineland-canada
  44. ↑ "Marineland Canada - Niagara Falls Aquarium - Amusement Park". Clifton Hill Resorts. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  45. ↑ "Marineland Canada". Destination 360. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  46. ↑ http://www.marinelandcanada.com/attractions/rides/
  47. ↑ "Dragon Mountain Roller Coaster". ultimaterollercoaster.com. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  48. ↑ "Thrilling Rides". visiting-niagara-falls.com. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  49. ↑ "12 Reasons Why Marineland is Equally Awesome and Disappointing". coaster101.com. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  50. ↑ "Mayor's resignation puts a stop to probes of land deal, free trip". Toronto Star. December 21, 1983. p. C10.
  51. ↑ "Marineland picketed by Flipper's 1st trainer". Toronto Star. July 6, 1997. p. A4.
  52. ↑ "Send killer whale back to Florida, court tells Marineland". Toronto Star. September 28, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  53. ↑ Diebel, Linda (August 15, 2012). "Marineland: Heartache for Smooshi the walrus as top trainer quits". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
  54. ↑ Marineland (August 12, 2015). "Marineland - Who is Phillip Demers?" (Press release). Canadian Newswire.
  55. ↑ "Marineland animals suffering, former staffers say". Toronto Star. August 15, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  56. ↑ Alam, Hina (November 25, 2016). "Marineland charged with animal cruelty". Toronto Star. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  57. ↑ "Marineland: Allegations of poor treatment of deer, bears". Toronto Star. September 8, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  58. ↑ "Marineland: Environment ministry launches probe into mass animal graves | Toronto Star". Toronto Star. December 20, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  59. ↑ "Environmental Compliance Approval" (PDF). Marineland. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
  60. ↑ "Marineland owner John Holer shot dead neighbours’ dogs, according to witnesses". Toronto Star. March 5, 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  61. ↑ Diebel, Linda (September 13, 2013). "Marineland: College investigating Marineland veterinarians". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  62. 1 2 McLaughlin, Amara (November 25, 2016). "Marineland charged with animal cruelty related to peacock, guinea hens and bears". CBC News. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  63. ↑ Law, John (November 19, 2014). "Marineland sues Vancouver paper, eighth lawsuit since 2012". Niagara Falls Review.
  64. ↑ Casey, Liam. "Bob Barker wants killer whale included in ban". The Canadian Press.
  65. ↑ "Bill 80, Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Amendment Act, 2015". Ontario Legislature. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  66. ↑ The Canadian Press. "Ont. passes killer whale ban, other animal protection measures". CTV News. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  67. ↑ Law, John. "Marineland files lawsuit against teen filmmaker". Niagara Falls Review. Postmedia Network. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  68. ↑ "Marineland sues college student for $1M over unreleased orca film".
  69. ↑ Liam Casey, The Canadian Press (December 4, 2016). "Marineland charged for five counts of animal cruelty in ongoing investigation". Toronto Star. Toronto. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  70. ↑ Alam, Hina. "Marineland charged with animal cruelty". Toronto Star. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  71. ↑ Liam Casey, The Canadian Press (December 4, 2016). "Complaint alleges animal cruelty at Marineland; park denies all accusations". CTV News. The former employee, who requested anonymity for fear of being sued, said he quit on good terms and is not an animal activist and doesn't want the park to close.
  72. ↑ Marineland (December 1, 2016). "What’s Really Going On At Marineland Canada" (Press release). Marineland Canada. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  73. ↑ "The Ontario SPCA charges Marineland with six counts of animal cruelty". Marketwired. OSPCA. Retrieved January 9, 2017. an additional 6 counts of animal cruelty under the Ontario SPCA Act; totaling 11 counts of animal cruelty.
  74. ↑ The Canadian Press (January 9, 2017). "Marineland charged with 6 new counts of animal cruelty". Toronto Star. Toronto. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  75. ↑ Liam Casey, The Canadian Press (January 9, 2017). "Marineland charged with 6 new counts of animal cruelty, says OSPCA". Sudbury.com. Retrieved January 9, 2017. A conviction on all counts could result in a fine up to $60,000, a lifetime ban on owning animals and up to two years in jail, according to the OSPCA.
  76. ↑ Marineland (January 9, 2017). "OSPCA Lays Strangest Charges Yet Against Marineland Canada" (Press release). Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  77. ↑ Casey, Liam (August 10, 2017). "All animal cruelty charges dropped against Marineland". Globe and Mail. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
  78. ↑ "Abstract: Third whale dies at Marineland; Animal rights groups call for moratorium on imports". The Record. August 19, 2000. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  79. ↑ https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2012/08/16/marineland_baby_belugas_death_raises_as_many_questions_as_answers.html
  80. ↑ http://www.cetabase.org/captive/cetacean/marineland-canada
  81. ↑ http://www.torontosun.com/2013/05/31/beluga-whales-deaths-at-marineland-spark-outrage
  82. ↑ http://www.cetabase.org/captive/cetacean/marineland-canada
  83. ↑
  84. ↑ Archived March 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  85. ↑ "~Orca Spirit~". ~Orca Spirit~. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  86. ↑ Archived March 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  87. ↑
  88. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Marineland Cetacean Inventory" (PDF). zoocheck.com. Zoocheck Canada. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
  89. ↑ Archived March 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  90. ↑ Archived March 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  91. ↑ Archived March 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  92. ↑ "Marineland's Nootka should have lived free". Niagara This Week. Thorold, Ontario. February 1, 2008.
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  94. ↑ "More Whales Die at Marineland". CFHS. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
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