Maria of Orange-Nassau (1642–1688)

Maria of Orange-Nassau

Maria of Orange-Nassau by Johannes Mytens, c.1645
Born (1642-09-05)September 5, 1642
The Hague
Died March 20, 1688(1688-03-20) (aged 45)
Schloss Oranienhof
Noble family House of Nassau
Spouse(s) Louis Henry, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern
Father Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
Mother Amalia of Solms-Braunfels

Maria of Nassau or Maria of Orange-Nassau (5 September 1642, The Hague - 20 March 1688, Kreuznach) was a Dutch princess of the house of Orange and by marriage pfalzgräfin or countess of Simmern-Kaiserslautern.

Life

Jan Mijtens: Portrait of Maria and her sisters, oil on panel, 1666, Anhaltische Gemäldegalerie, Dessau. It was commissioned to mark Maria's marriage.

Maria was the youngest daughter of Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and her husband Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. Her father was already in his late fifties when she was born and died when she was only four. She was also the aunt of the future William III, via her brother William II. In 1660 her family began negotiations for her to marry Charles II of Great Britain. However, in the end he opted to marry Catharine of Braganza to establish an anti-Spanish alliance with Portugal. A year later marriage negotiations with John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen began, but these also proved abortive.

On 23 September 1666 in Kleve she married Louis Henry, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern (1640-1674), son of Louis Philip and a grandson of Maria's aunt Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau. Like her sisters' marriages, Maria's marriage was intended to draw the network of Calvinist princes closer together. Maria and Louis Henry were married eight years but the marriage proved childless and on her husband's death the Simmern-Kaiserslautern line died out.

Maria kept up a correspondence with her two surviving sisters after her marriage. Like her sisters Louise Henriette with the Oranienburg, Albertine Agnes with the Oranienstein and Henriette Catherine with Oranienbaum, Maria built herself a new palace after her marriage - she completed hers in 1669 at Bad Kreuznach and named it Schloss Oranienhof. Maria died in 1688 after six days of pneumonia and Schloss Oranienhof was destroyed by French troops in the Nine Years' War a year later.

Ancestry

Maria of Orange-Nassau's ancestors in three generations
Maria of Orange-Nassau Father:
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange		 Paternal Grandfather:
William I of Orange		 Paternal Great-grandfather:
William, Count of Nassau
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Juliana of Stolberg
Paternal Grandmother:
Louise de Coligny		 Paternal Great-grandfather:
Gaspard de Coligny
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Charlotte de Laval (1530-1568)
Mother:
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels		 Maternal Grandfather:
John Albert I of Solms-Braunfels (1592-1623)		 Maternal Great-grandfather:
Conrad, Count of Solms-Braunfels
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg
Maternal Grandmother:
Agnes of Sayn-Wittgenstein		 Maternal Great-grandfather:
Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Elisabeth of Solms-Laubach
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