Marcel Tyberg

Marcel Tyberg (27 January 1893, in Vienna – 31 December 1944, in Auschwitz-Birkenau) was an Austrian composer, conductor and organist. His music is late-romantic in style.

Biography and career

Born into a musical family in Vienna, his father, Marcell Tyberg (Sr.), was a well-known violinist, while his mother, Wanda Paltinger Tybergova, was a pianist in the school of Theodor Leschetizky, and a colleague of Artur Schnabel. Although little is known about his musical education, it is assumed that Tyberg had some formal training in orchestration, counterpoint and harmony outside the family home. Tyberg's father was on good terms with the renowned violinist Jan Kubelik and the two families frequented one another. Marcel dedicated lieder to Jan's two daughters and, despite a twenty-year age gap, cultivated a lifelong friendship with their young brother, the conductor Rafael Kubelik. Tyberg also became friendly with the Italian violinist and conductor, Rodolfo Lipizer. Tyberg's Piano Sonata No. 1 (1920) and his Symphony No. 1 (1924) both date from his time in Vienna.[1]

In 1927, following the death of his father, Tyberg moved with his mother to the Croatian town of Abbazia (Opatija), then part of Italy. To scrape a living, he turned his hand to any work on offer. He taught harmony, played church organs, conducted, and under the pseudonym "Till Bergmar" produced popular dance music for the local resorts (rumbas, tangos and waltzes, etc.).[1][2]

His Symphony No. 2 was premiered by his friend Rafael Kubelik with the Czech Philharmonic at some time in the early 1930s. A pious Roman Catholic, Tyberg composed a setting of the Te Deum, which was premiered in the expanded church of Abbazia on 25 July 1943, the day Mussolini was forced out of office.[1]

When German forces occupied northern Italy in 1943, Tyberg's mother, in compliance with Nazi regulations, registered that one of her great-grandfathers had been Jewish. Soon after, Tyberg's mother died of natural causes. Consequently, Tyberg was arrested and deported to the death camps of San Sabba and Auschwitz. It was long believed that he had died by suicide in transit, but the date of his death was recorded in Auschwitz as 31 December 1944.[1][3]

Tyberg's Symphony No. 3, completed soon before his detention and given to Milan Mihich, a friend of his, in order to save it from the war, was recorded by the Buffalo Philharmonic conducted by JoAnn Falletta in 2008, and released by Naxos Records.[2]

Works

The known surviving works by Marcel Tyberg include:[4]

Orchestral

Allegro molto (1922) – Adagio (1922) - Scherzo (31 December 1922) – Finale, Allegro non troppo (12 April 1924)
Allegro appassionato – Adagio – Scherzo – Finale
Andante Maestoso – Scherzo – Adagio – Rondo

Chamber

Allegro non troppo – Scherzo – Adagio molto sostenuto (Tema con variationi) – Scherzo – Finale
Allegro maestoso – Adagio non troppo – Rondo

Instrumental

Allegro appassionato – Larghetto (Tema con variationi) – Rondo
Allegro con fuoco – Adagio – Scherzo – Finale

Sacred

Lieder

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Redler, Zachary. "Marcel Tyberg". The OREL Foundation. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
  2. 1 2 Yadzinski, Edward (2010). "[Notes to Naxos CD 8.572236]". Naxos Records. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  3. ↑ http://orelfoundation.org/index.php/composers/article/marcel_tyberg/
  4. ↑ Trotter, Herman; Schiffler, Marion (7 October 2006). "Marcel Tyberg: A Forgotten Victim of the Nazis Re-emerges". ICSM Online Journal. International Centre for Suppressed Music, SOAS, University of London. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
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