Manpo Line

Manpo Line
Overview
Native name	만포선(滿浦線)
Type	Heavy rail, Regional rail
Locale	South P'yŏngan North P'yŏngan Chagang
Termini	Sunch'ŏn Manpo Ch'ŏngnyŏn
Stations	44
Operation
Opened	Stages between 1918 - 1939
Owner	Korean State Railway
Operator(s)	Korean State Railway
Technical
Line length	299.8 km (186.3 mi)
Number of tracks	Single track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Minimum radius	300 m (980 ft)
Electrification	3000 V DC Catenary
Maximum incline	24.5‰
Route map Legend P'yŏngra Line 0.0 Sunch'ŏn Sunch'ŏn Calcium Cyanamide Factory P'yŏngra Line 10.9 Chungp'yŏng ↑Sunch'ŏn-si/Kaech'ŏn-si↓ 17.7 Kag'am January 18 Machinery Complex 22.1 Ryongwŏlli(mine) Lake Yŏnp'ung Taegak(uranium mine) Taegak Branch 32.6 Ch'ŏndong Churŏng River 22.1 Choyang T'an'gwang(coal mine) Sŏkkan(coal mine) Kuŭp Chunam River Kaech'ŏn Line Choyang Colliery Branch 38.9 Kaech'ŏn Chunhyŏk Branch Samp'o 46.9 Wŏlli Chunhyŏngri Pongch'ŏn Colliery Branch 49.9 Pongch'ŏn 2.0 Pongch'ŏn T'an'gwang(coal mine) 4.2 Chŏnjin(coal mine) Chŏnjin Branch 54.0 Chajak Ramjŏnch'ŏn 58.3 Ramjŏn underground facility ↑Kaech'ŏn-si/Kujang-gun↓ 7.4 Ryong'am(coal mine) Ryong'am Branch mine Kujang Cement Complex 63.0 Kujang Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'yŏngdŏk Line Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'alwŏn Line 68.5 Ŏryong Ryongmun Branch 7.1 Ryongmun T'an'gwang(coal mine) Paengryŏngch'ŏn 71.5 Sinhŭngdong ↑Kujang-gun/Hyangsan-gun↓ 81.1 Puksinhyŏn Unsan Line Closed Myohyangsan elite station Myohyangch'ŏn 90.1 Myohyangsan ↑Hyangsan-gun/Hŭich'ŏn-si↓ Siyŏnch'ŏn 103.0 Pusŏng Ch'ŏngch'ŏn River Chongp'yŏng 109.8 Hŭich'ŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn Chup'yŏng Hŭich'ŏn Consumer Goods Factory Chup'yŏng Branch Ch'ŏngha 122.9 Ch'osang ↑Hŭich'ŏn-si/Tongsin-gun↓ Hŭich'ŏn River 129.3 Tongsin ↑Tongsin-gun/Songwŏn-gun↓ 140.0 Kaego Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ryŏnmok Closed ↑Songwŏn-gun/Chŏnch'ŏn-gun↓ Chinp'yŏngch'ŏn 156.6 Chinp'yŏng Sin'gyech'ŏn 167.3 Koin(turntable) 174.2 Riman Hwagyŏngch'ŏn Ulli Closed 189.5 Unsong Unsong Colliery Changja River 195.1 Chŏnch'ŏn(Chŏnch'ŏn Match Factory) 203.1 Hwaam Changja River ↑Chŏnch'ŏn-gun/Sŏnggan-gun↓ Changja River 212.5 Ssangbangdong 217.4 Chungsŏnggan Masangch'ŏn 221.5 Sŏnggan Kanbukch'ŏn Changja River 230.5 Sinch'ŏng Puji Closed ↑Songgan-gun/Kanggye-si↓ 243.9 Kongin lumber mill Kanggye Line Sin'ganggye 250.6 Kanggye(Kanggye Wood Processing Factory) Kanggye elite station & underground facility 260.9 Kokha ↑Kanggye-si/Sijung-gun↓ 269.8 Ssangbu 276.9 Anch'an Changja River 286.0 Sijung ↑Sijung-gun/Manp'o-si↓ 291.9 Kŏnha Pukpu Line 299.8 Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn ←China - Yalu River - DPRK→ Ji'an, China Amrokkang Tire Factory Kuo Manp'o Chemical Factory 6.5 Unha

The Manp'o Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the North Korean State Railway running from Sunch'ŏn on the P'yŏngra Line to Manp'o on the Pukpu Line. The line continues on from Manp'o to Ji'an, China.^[1] The length of the line from Sunch'ŏn Station to Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn Station is 299.8 km (186.3 mi); it is another 3.6 km (2.2 mi) to the border, making the total length from Sunch'ŏn to the border 303.4 km (188.5 mi).^[2] It also connects to the Kaech'ŏn, P'yŏngdŏk, Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'alwŏn, Unsan and Kanggye lines. Not including Sunch'ŏn, there are 44 stations on the line; the average distance between stations is 6.8 km (4.2 mi).

The Manp'o Line runs in the northwestern part of Korea along the banks of the Ch'ŏngch'ŏn and Changja rivers. It is an important trunk line connecting ten cities, counties and districts in South P'yŏngan, North P'yŏngan and Chagang provinces. This connection is particularly important to the economies of North P'yŏngan and Chagang provinces; a great deal of coal is moved from mines along the Manp'o Line to various power plants and factories in the country.^[2]

With the exception of Sunch'ŏn station, which is administered by the P'yŏngyang Railway Bureau, the entirety of the Manp'o line from Chungp'yŏng to Manp'o is under the jurisdiction of the Kaech'ŏn Railway Bureau.^[2]

Due to the terrain it traverses, the Manp'o Line has a large number of tunnels, bridges and fills. The ruling grade is 24.5‰ and the minimum curve radius is 300 m (980 ft). There are 180 bridges totalling 7,563 m (24,813 ft) in length, and 53 tunnels totalling 18,306 m (60,059 ft) in length. 125 km (78 mi) of the line - 41% of the total length - is laid with heavy rail, and 5% of the line is laid on concrete sleepers.^[2]

History

The Kaech'ŏn–Ch'ŏndong section was originally a 762 mm narrow-gauge line opened in 1918 by the Kaech'ŏn Light Railway. This section was bought by the Chosen Government Railway and was converted to standard gauge, the reconstruction being completed on 15 July 1933, whose length was changed to 6.3 km.^[3]

The CGR continued executing the plan of the construction of the main line and the line was extended between 1932 and 1939 as follows:

The Ji'an Yalu River Border Railway Bridge was completed on 31 July 1939, connecting the Manp'o line to the South Manchuria Railway's line from Ji'an to Siping.

In 1948, the electrification of the section from Kaegu to Koin was completed, but this was subsequently destroyed during the Korean War. The electrification of the line began in 1975 with the completion of the section from Hŭich'ŏn to Koin, followed by the Kaech'ŏn - Hŭich'ŏn section in 1979; the remaining sections, from Koin to Manp'o and from Kaech'ŏn to Sunch'ŏn, were completed in 1980.^[2]

Services

Freight

Freight trains serve the major industries along the line, such as textiles in Kanggye and rubber and cement plants in Manp'o. Coal and forest products are also important commodities shipped on this line. The line is also an important artery for freight traffic to and from China. Due to the large amount of coal shipped on the line, freight traffic towards Sunch'ŏn is three times greater than the amount of freight moved from Sunch'ŏn towards Manp'o.^[2]

Most of the coal traffic from Kujang towards Sunch'ŏn supplies Chagang Province with fuel; in the other direction, from Kujang towards Manp'o, coal shipped on the line is for local use for heating, and for large factories at Ch'agap'yŏng and Mun'ak on the Pukpu Line. 58% of all freight traffic between Kanggye and Manp'o is wood.^[2]

In terms of freight traffic, Kaech'ŏn and Kujang are the most important stations on the line. Kaech'ŏn is the starting point of the Kaech'ŏn Line, which connects the Manp'o line to the P'yŏngŭi Line at Sinanju,^[1] and of a branch to the large colliery at Choyang. Other important coal mines in the area are at Ramjŏn, Pongch'ŏn Colliery and at Kaech'ŏn; this area accounts for 20% of the DPRK's anthracite production.^[2] Kujang, which is the point where the Manp'o Line connects to the P'yŏngdŏk and Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'alwŏn lines, is the location of a major cement factory that supplies much of North P'yŏngan province; cement is the major outbound commodity originating at Kujang.^[2]

Hŭich'ŏn, Chŏnch'ŏn and Kanggye are major loading points for freight from areas not served by rail. Hŭich'ŏn station is where freight from Tongsin county is transferred to trains, Kanggye station for freight from Usi, Chosan, Wiwŏn, Hwap'yŏng and Changgang counties, and Chŏnch'ŏn for freight from Kopung and Ryongrim counties.^[2]

Passenger

The following passenger trains are known to operate on this line and its branches:^[1]

• Express trains 15-16/17-18, operating between Haeju Ch'ŏngnyon and Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn, run on this line between Sunch'ŏn and Manp'o;
• Express trains 19/20, operating between P'yŏngyang and Hŭich'ŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn, run on this line between Sunch'ŏn and Hŭich'ŏn;
• Semi-express trains 124-125/126-127, operating between Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Ch'ongjin Ch'ŏngnyŏn, run on this line between Kaech'ŏn and Sunch'ŏn;
• Semi-express trains 134-135/136-137, operating between Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Hamhŭng, run on this line between Manp'o and Sunch'ŏn;
• Semi-express trains 138-139/140-141, operating between Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Changyŏn, run on this line between Manp'o and Kujang;
• Long-distance stopping trains 250/251, operating between Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Hŭich'ŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn, run on this line between Kaech'ŏn and Hŭich'ŏn.

An international passenger service from Manp'o to Ji'an exists in the form of a single passenger car attached to the daily cross-border freight train. This train is not open to use by foreigners other than ethnic Koreans from China.

Commuter trains also operate on this line between Sunch'ŏn and Kaech'ŏn (four pairs), Kanggye and Chungsŏng (five pairs), Hŭich'ŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Koin (two pairs) and Hŭich'ŏn Ch'ŏngnyŏn and Kaegu Ch'ŏngnyŏn (one pair). These trains are intended to serve local workers, and stop at all stations.^[2]

Route

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

Taegak Branch

Electrified.

Choyang Colliery Branch

Electrified.

Pongch'ŏn Colliery Branch

Not electrified.

Chŏnjin Branch

Electrified.

Ryong'am Branch

Electrified.

Ryongmun Branch

Electrified.

Unha Branch

Electrified.

References

• Japanese Government Railways (1937), 鉄道停車場一覧. 昭和12年10月1日現在(The List of the Stations as of 1 October 1937), Kawaguchi Printing Company, Tokyo, p 497