Malthusian growth model

A Malthusian growth model, sometimes called a simple exponential growth model, is essentially exponential growth based on a constant rate. The model is named after Thomas Robert Malthus, who wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), one of the earliest and most influential books on population.^[1]

Malthusian models have the following form:

P(t)=P_{0}e^{rt}

where

P₀ = P(0) is the initial population size,
r = the population growth rate, sometimes called Malthusian parameter,
t = time.

This model is often referred to as the exponential law.^[2] It is widely regarded in the field of population ecology as the first principle of population dynamics,^[3] with Malthus as the founder. The exponential law is therefore also sometimes referred to as the Malthusian Law.^[4] By now, it is a widely accepted view to analogize Malthusian growth in Ecology to Newton's First Law of uniform motion in physics.^[5]

Malthus wrote that all life forms, including humans, have a propensity to exponential population growth when resources are abundant but that actual growth is limited by available resources:

Through the animal and vegetable kingdoms, nature has scattered the seeds of life abroad with the most profuse and liberal hand.... The germs of existence contained in this spot of earth, with ample food, and ample room to expand in, would fill millions of worlds in the course of a few thousand years. Necessity, that imperious all pervading law of nature, restrains them within the prescribed bounds. The race of plants, and the race of animals shrink under this great restrictive law. And the race of man cannot, by any efforts of reason, escape from it. Among plants and animals its effects are waste of seed, sickness, and premature death. Among mankind, misery and vice.
— Thomas Malthus, 1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population. Chapter I.

A model of population growth bounded by resource limitations was developed by Pierre Francois Verhulst in 1838, after he had read Malthus' essay. Verhulst named the model a logistic function.

References

↑ "Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population: Library of Economics"
↑ Turchin, P. "Complex population dynamics: a theoretical/empirical synthesis" Princeton online
↑ Turchin, P. "Does Population Ecology Have General Laws?" Oikos 94:17–26. 2000
↑ Paul Haemig, "Laws of Population Ecology", 2005
↑ Ginzburg, Lev R. "The theory of population dynamics: I. Back to first principles". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 122 (4): 385–399. doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(86)80180-1.

External links

Malthusian Growth Model from Steve McKelvey, Department of Mathematics, Saint Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota
Logistic Model from Steve McKelvey, Department of Mathematics, Saint Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota
Laws Of Population Ecology Dr. Paul D. Haemig
On principles, laws and theory of population ecology Professor of Entomology, Alan Berryman, Washington State University
Introduction to Social Macrodynamics Professor Andrey Korotayev
Interesting Facts about Population Growth Mathematical Models from Jacobo Bulaevsky, Arcytech.
Ecological Orbits Lev Ginzburg, Mark Colyvan

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Malthusian growth model

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